15 Environment (pollution, heafth protection, safety)

95/06591 Reducing environmental pollution: Looking back, thinklna ahead OECD, ‘i Rue Andre Pascal, 75775 Paris Cedex 16, France, 1994, 47 pp.

Discusses progress to date in reducing pollution in OECD countries, and examines the trends in governments’ policies.

95106592 The reduction of Pt(lV) with activated carbon fibers - An XPS study Fu, R. er al., Carbon, 1995, 33, (5), 657461. Activated carbon fibres (ACF) posses a large surface area and many active carbon-oxygen and carbon-hydrogen groups. This kind of fibre can adsorb a large amount of high potential ions and subsequently reduces them to elemental metals or Ions of lower oxidation state. The adsorption and reduction properties of ACF prove to be very useful in the concentration, recovery, and separation of precious metals, such as gold and silver, and in the treatment of toxic gas mixtures or solutions, such as those containin Hg. In recent years, the adsorption and reduction of Au and Hg on A d has been investigated in Zhongshan University in detail.

95/06693 Conference

Reflnery and Petrochemical Plant, Envlronmentsl

National Perroleum Refiners Association, Suite 1000, 1899 L Street, NW, Washington, DC.20036, USA, 1994. Proceedings of the Refinery and Petrochemical Plant, Environmental Con- ference, held 18-20 September 1994, Houston, Texas. The papers are accompanied by questions and answers.

96106694 Remedlatlon of oil-contam/lnated study sol1 in a slurry reactor Puskas, K. et al., Environment Ink, 1995, 21, (4), 413-421. The 1991 Gulf War in Kuwait resulted in the release of about 1000 million barrels of crude oil from the burning and gushing oil wells deposited into the tenestriai and marine environment. Inevitably, the major part of this deposition affected the desert land in Kuwait in the vicinity of the damaged oil wells and in the downwind areas from the oil fields. The soil slurry reactor was investigated as an alternative technology for removal of the oily material from the soil. The experiments revealed that significant reduction of the crude oil components can be achived if favourabie condi- tions, e.g., temperature, oxygen, and nutrients, are ensured for the degrada- tion processes.

SSIOSSSS Removal of Cu”, Cd” and Mn(Vll) from dilute, aqueous solutions by oxldlzed bltumlnous coal Bodine. D. L. and Dovie. F. M. Proc. Int. Svmo. Treat. Minimization

Maier.‘Soc., Warrendale, PA,

Discusses the study of the ability of oxidized Upper Freeport bituminous coal to adsorb Cu*‘, Cd’*, and Mn(VII) from very dilute aqueous solutions. Coal samples were oxidized thermally or by 30% H,O, to increase the surface concentration of phenoiic and carboxyiic groups, then portions were shaken with Cu*+ Cd’+ solutions. The effect of oxidation treatment, metal ion concentration, and solution pH on metal uptake kinetics was studied. Potential applications for treating effluents, especially those con- taining oxidizing ions, are discussed.

95106596 Removal of hazardous aubatancaa from incinerator flue gases Shiraishi, Y. et al., (Assigned to) Kobe Steel Ltd., JAP. Pat. JP.O7,31,847, Feb. 1995.

95106597 The removal of NO by low-temperature 0 oxldatlon Puri, I. K. Combustion & Flame, Sep. 1995, 102, (4), 512-518. The features of a process removing NO at low temperatures by O1 are examined. The nrocess is modeiied employing ‘full’ chemistry and slmu- iated in a perf&tiy stirred reactor. A generc reaction set that also has implications for the nighttime removal of NO,and 0, from the atmosphere is collated and utilized.

95106596 Responses to comment by Dr. Sonja Boehmer- Chrlatianaen on the paper: ‘Global limate change: Euro I can policy makers’ views of how science enters the P pol tical process’ Kempton, W. et al., Energy & Environment, 1995, 6, (3), 256-258. The comment by Dr. Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen was published in Energy and Environment Volume 6 NO. 3 1995.

95106599 The role of gas turbine baaed combined heat and power In mlnimlzlng gaseous pollutant emissions Davies, R. M. and Graham, D. P. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. IMechE Conf, 1994. 171. 145-153. Gas turbme-based combined heat and power systems,are compared to natu- ral gas combined cycle plant on the basis of greenhouse gas and NO. em&ions. It is shotin, foi the supply of equal amounts of power and heat; that the global warming tentiai associated with combined heat and power is consistenly less than or the combination of natural gas combined cycle p” plus local boilers for heat supply. Natural gas combined cycle is already regarded as the cleanest form of fossil fueled power generation.

95lO6600 productlon

The role of NGOa and the public to promote cleaner

Thorpe, B. J. Cleaner Prod, 1994, 2, (3), 153-162. The paper examines some of the contributions by the public and non- governmental organizations (NGOs) to the promotion of clean production. It examines the need for public participation within the ‘precautionary approach’, the benefits of actively disseminating company emission and toxic use data to local communities and the importance of international NGO networking and campaigning. It also raises the importance of iabour and Third World NGO pamcipation in achieving environmentally and socially sustainable communities. Finally, some policy recommendations are made to increase public participation.

95106601 Role of oxygen In formation of polychlorlnated dlbenzo-p-dloxlnaldlbenzofurans from carbon on fly sah Addink, R. and Oiie, K. Environ. Sci Tech&., 1995,29, (6), 1586-1590. Under an O-deficient flow, no PCDD/F is formed from a C/fly ash mix- ture, but with a mixture of 1% 0 in N de novo synthesis of PCDD/F sets in. The PCDD-PCDF ratio rises with increasing 0, but the average degree of chlorination of PCDD and PCDF does not depend on the 0 mncentra- tion formed. Without a gas flow, C/fly ash mixtures can result in PCDD/F formation, the 0 enters the mixture by diffusion in this case. This forma- tion process can continue for several hours. Formation rates under mndi- tioniwithout a gas flow are higher than with a gas flow present, suggesting that 0 diffusion into the fly ash bed is more efficient than the supply of 0 through a gas flow.

95106602 The role of atandardlzatlon In promoting cleaner production and envlronmentsl management Jasch, C. J. Cleaner Prod, 1994, 2, (3), 197-199. Environmental management has interested many politicians, companies, consultants and scientists over the past decade, and it is now achieving international standardization. The international standardization organiza- tion IS0 founded Technical Committee 207, which deals with the method- ologies for environmental management, in 1993. Several documents have been negotiated on a worldwide basis and reached official Committee Draft status in September 1994. After two more comment periods these have become ISOAXSs, Draft International Standards. However, the ques- tion arises of how relevant some of the documents are to the development and application of environmental management. First, the language is very unspecific. Second, input from environmental groups and environmental scientists has been slight, and the normal process of consultation at a national level have been bypassed.

95106603 Safe removal and disposal of export gas aulphlde Offshore Engineer, Aug. 1995, p. 18.

Discusses the recent development of a single stage process for the removal of hydrogen suiphide and water from produced natural gas streams. ABB Environmental Norsk Viftefabrikk has taken the idea a step further by coming up with a safe way to dispose of suiphide into seawater. Describes the process in this short article.

95106604 Safety aaaesament on thefaat track Haugen, S. and Ramstad, J. E. Offshore Engineer, Sep. 1995, p. 53. The offshore industry has changed significantly over the last few years, characterised bv significant time and mst reduction in offshore deveioo- ments. Norsok ;eq&ements are expected to further speed up this process, placing great demands on ail participants in a project. The short article identifies some of the questions facing the safety/risk assessment discipline.

WO66OS The safety case for quality risk aaaeaament Harris, S. Pet. Review, Oct. 1995, 49, (585), 469-471. Discusses the safety case for quality risk assessment in the United King- dom, for the offshore industry.

95106606 challenge

Safety in the East: A political and lnduatrlal

Vesseron, P. Revue de I’Energie, May 1995, (468), 319-321. (In French) Nuclear power is still an issue in the East, and there is a long way to go before the situation will become satisfactory. The most complicated part is the transfer of safety culture, which will be a much longer and trickier task than modernizing the facilities. This transfer calls for long-term coopera- tion among entities playing the same roles in the East and West. Europe has clearly understood this situation, and has organized its assistance pro- gramme in such a way as to promote this cooperation on concrete issues. one good example of what ii global assistance strategy should be is the Moshovse project, involving electricians, builders, and safety organization in intimate long-term cooperation, while facilitating early shutdown of the nuclear reactors.

466 Fuel end Energy Abstracts November 1995