95-702 OCT Master of Information System Management 95-702 OCT Week 10 Securing Web Services XML Digital Signature XML Encryption Web Service Security

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95-702 OCTMaster of Information System

Management

95-702 OCTWeek 10

Securing Web Services• XML Digital Signature• XML Encryption• Web Service Security




Management

XML Web Services

Hot topicFoundation of Service Oriented ArchitecturesInteroperableRemote Method InvocationMessagingSupported by all the big playersNotes adpated from the required reading “Web Services Security”, Bilal Siddiqui




Management

Existing XML Web Services

GoogleEBayAmazonXIgnite (financial computations)Hundreds of othersSee www.xmethods.comBut remember, many are not public.An SOA would have many in house webservices.




Management

XML Web Services & Cryptography

Bob and Alice want to exchange SOAP messages.

Eve and Mallory need to be taken

seriously.




Management

What’s going on?

Web Services Security (WSS) specification from OASIS

Message confidentiality

Message authentication

End-to-end (not just point-to-point like SSL)




Management

The WS Cryptography Stack

XML Web Services SecuritySAML (Security Assertion ML),XKMS (XML Key Management Specification),

XACML (eXtensible Access Control Markup Language)

XMLDSIG (W3C)XMLENC (W3C)

.NET Crypto API’s Java Security API’s




Management

The Need For Web Services

Application integration within the enterpriseApplication integration across enterprise boundaries customers partners suppliersService Oriented Architecture is often built ona web service foundation




Management

A Tourism Supply Chain

Tourists Tour Operator

Car Rental

HotelHotel

Car Rental

Hotel

RoomRentInfoForAll()

RoomRentInfoForPartnersOnly()

Without XML/WSS - message formats must be agreed to - coarse-grained protection provided by firewalls

With XML/WSS - SOAP is used for RPC or messaging - WSS provides fine grained security decisions

Anyone may call

Restricted callers




Management

Service Oriented Architecture

Hotel

RoomRentInfoForAll()

RoomRentInfoForPartnersOnly()

SOAP Server

SOAP (XML RPC) over HTTP




Management

Listing 1 SOAP RequestPOST /Vendors HTTP/1.1Host: www.myHotel.comContent-Type: text/xml;Charset=utf-8Content-Length: 350SOAPACtion:""

<?xml version='1.0'?> <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/' > <SOAP-Env:Body> <s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners xmlns:s='http://www.MyHotel.com/partnerservice/' >  </s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners> </SOAP-Env:Body> </SOAP-Env:Envelope>




Management

Listing 2 SOAP Response

HTTP/1.0 200 OKContent-Type: text/xml; charset=utf-8Content-Length: 1474

<?xml version="1.0"><SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV='http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/' > <SOAP-ENV:Body> <m:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartnersResponse xmlns:m="http://www.MyHotel.com/partnerservice/" >  </m:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartnersResponse> </SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope>




Management

1st Generation Web Services

SOAP Client SOAPServer

Hotel Class

RDBMS




Management

2ND Generation Web Services

SOAPServer

Hotel Class

RDBMS


Tour Planning

Class




Management

3RD Generation Web Services

SOAPServer

Hotel Class

RDBMS


Tour Planning

Class

SOAPServer

Plane Class

RDBMS

SOAPServer

Tour Planning

Class

WS-Transaction




Management

WS Security

SOAP Client SOAP

ServerHotel Class

RDBMS

SOAP Server (SOAP Aware Firewall)• inspect SOAP message• match user roles with access lists• XML Signature (not SOAP specific)• XML Encryption (not SOAP specific)• WSS (SOAP specific use of XMLEnc and XMLDsig)• Security Access Markup Language (SAML) for single sign on replacing HTTP cookies• XACML (extensible Access Control Markup Language) to express authorization and access policies




Management

XML SignatureAn IETF/W3C Recommendation




Management

XML Digital Signatures

Review Message Digest message + digest algorithm -> hash value transmit (message,hash value) pair useful for checking if errors occurred

Problem Mallory might replace the message, hash value

pair with her own message, hash value pair.




Management

XML Digital Signatures

• Solution: get a symmetric key involved in the calculation of the hash.• Solution: Given a message m, compute a hash of m and encrypt the hash with an asymmetric private key.• Mallory doesn’t know the keys. So, she can’t forge the signature.• But how do we do this in XML?




Management

XML Signature

• XML Signatures are digital signatures used in XML transactions

• May be used to sign only a portion of an XML document. The document might have

a long history with different parts holding different signatures

• The signature may apply to XML or non-XML data




Management

Referencing What is Signed

• The XML Signature may hold a URI

• The signature may be a sibling of what is signed.

• The signature may be a parent of what is signed.

• The signature may be a child of what is signed




Management

XMLDsig General Form

The Components of an XML Signature




Management

The <Reference> Element

• Each signed resource is specified with

a <Reference> element

• A typical <Reference> element will contain

- a pointer to what is signed

- a digest method (for example SHA1)

- and a digest value of the signed data in

base 64 notation




Management

The <Reference> Element

<Reference URI = “http://.../po.xml”> <DigestMethod>….</DigestMethod> <DigestValue> calculated digest of po.xml </DigestValue> </Reference>

This is the locationof the document beingsigned.




Management

We may have many references

<Reference>

pointer, digest method, digest value

</Reference>

:

<Reference>


</Reference>




Management

Place Within a SignedInfo Element

<SignedInfo> <CanonicalizationMethod> algorithm used on SignedInfo element <SignatureMethod> for example dsa-sha1 <Reference> pointer, digest method, digest value </Reference> <Reference> pointer, digest method, digest value </Reference>

</SignedInfo>




Management

Compute Digest of SignedInfo

<SignedInfo> <CanonicalizationMethod> algorithm used on

SignedInfo element

<SignatureMethod> for example dsa-sha1

<Reference>


</Reference>

<Reference>


</Reference>

</SignedInfo>




Management

Sign the digest and place value in a SignatureValue element…

<SignedInfo> <CanonicalizationMethod> algorithm used on SignedInfo element <SignatureMethod> for example dsa-sha1 <Reference> pointer, digest method, digest value </Reference> <Reference> pointer, digest method, digest value </Reference></SignedInfo>

<SignatureValue>Base 64 signature of the SignedInfo Element

</SignatureValue>




Management

Enclose in a Signature Element

<SignedInfo> <CanonicalizationMethod> algorithm used on SignedInfo element <SignatureMethod> for example dsa-sha1 <Reference> pointer, method, digest value </Reference> <Reference> pointer, method, digest value </Reference></SignedInfo><SignatureValue>Base 64 signature of the SignedInfo Element</SignatureValue>

<Signature>

</Signature>




Management

We may include KeyInfo

<SignedInfo> <Canonicalization> <SignatureMethod> <Reference>… <Reference>…</SignedInfo><SignatureValue>Base 64 signature of the SignedInfo Element</SignatureValue>

<KeyInfo> <X509Data> <X509SubjectName>CN=Cristina McCarthy, O=CMU,… <X509Certificate> base 64 public key and identity signed by

a CA </X509Certificate> </X509Data></KeyInfo>

<Signature>

</Signature>




Management

KeyInfo Element in XMLDsig

• Optional element

• Holds key information required to validate the signature or

• Points to that key information

• May have children such as

<PGPData> <SPKIData> <X509Data>




Management

What Can Mallory Do?

Can she modify the CA signed certificate so that someone else appears to have signed the document?

Can she modify what is being pointed by the reference element?

Can she change the canonicalization method?

Can she change the contents of the signature method tag?




Management

Verification

1. Canonicalize the SignedInfo element.2. Compute the digest of the SignedInfo element using the method described within it3. Compare the above value with that value got from applying the signer’s public key to the value in the SignatureValue element4. Compute digests of referenced items (after any transformations) and compare those digests found within each reference tag




Management

Using IBM’s XML Security Suite




Management

Signing in Three Steps(1)

Prepare a Signature DOM tree

This an XML document holding the Signature element.

This may be done with an XSS4J TemplateGenerator or with an existing template document




Management

Signing in Three Steps(2)

2. Create an XSS4J SignatureContext instance

-- may be used to fetch resource to be signed using URLConnection -- may used to find an element being referred to within the same

document -- has a sign() method




Management

Signing in Three Steps(3)3. Sign with the sign method of the XSS4J SignatureContext object

Prepare a key object (holding the private key in DSS or RSA) used to sign

Prepare a KeyInfo object with an X509 certificate

Insert the KeyInfo into the Signature element

sigContext.sign(sigElement, key)




Management

Sign a grade book

Gradebook.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><GradeBook> <Student> <Score>100</Score> <Score>89</Score> </Student></GradeBook>




Management

We need keys…

D:\..\95-804\IBMXMLSecuritySuite\SampleSign2>

keytool -genkey -keyalg RSA -keystore test.keystore

-dname "CN=Mike McCarthy, OU=Heinz School,

O=CMU, L=Pgh, S=PA, C=US" -alias mjm

-storepass sesame -keypass sesame

Creates test.keystore holding keys and a self-signed certificate




Management

Run XSS4J’s SampleSign2

D:\...\95-804\IBMXMLSecuritySuite\

SampleSign2>java SampleSign2 mjm

sesame sesame

-embxml gradebook.xml > signature.xml

Key store: test.keystore

Sign: 851ms




Management

Examine Signature.xml<Signature xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <SignedInfo>

<CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315"></CanonicalizationMethod>

<SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"></SignatureMethod>




Management

<Reference URI="#Res0"> <Transforms> <Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-

c14n-20010315"> </Transform> </Transforms> <DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"> </DigestMethod> <DigestValue>m6f9xhOc4iEXokD/29V9EsdY3yI= </DigestValue> </Reference>

We are signing resource 0

Transforms

Prior to hashing




Management

</SignedInfo> <SignatureValue>

Gll1H/uplOwfaX3j7ST6UqQlc92Hx2nsCdN2KWz32CW0D4hH64n32v/InkGux1dYgTya6S4s55iHqZEjDpH2I359H4PAxBYYXJj4LUBNxAFxUcDy6xrEUbLnKeutT5pf1DBSmxg9Cp3PO5Rs36nVN8GVfnFl1M86WQd19/RsAnA=

</SignatureValue>




Management

<KeyInfo> <KeyValue> <RSAKeyValue> <Modulus>

7V5eyhVaw0clED11H6PTPoKQA1VxrLAugU3QxKA0hbbUOiavFbqCdc6Z+Fe9JZFMkS

Iqdl+khwWwd+AIsRyrN4V2DWm1f+xyYQf6bdZgCaVVgkST1BpQxBTgNKRcS5VbLrXf

4MXb5TbhA+eo1Qbr2IjlV10aLbVhUk/g+ylag+k= </Modulus> <Exponent>AQAB</Exponent> </RSAKeyValue> </KeyValue>




Management

<X509Data> <X509IssuerSerial> <X509IssuerName>CN=Mike McCarthy,OU=Heinz School,O=CMU,L=Pgh,ST=PA,C=US </X509IssuerName> <X509SerialNumber>1049138061 </X509SerialNumber> </X509IssuerSerial> <X509SubjectName>CN=Mike McCarthy,OU=Heinz School,O=CMU,L=Pgh,ST=PA,C=US </X509SubjectName> <X509Certificate>




Management

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




Management

</X509Certificate> </X509Data> </KeyInfo> <dsig:Object xmlns="" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" Id="Res0">

<GradeBook> <Student> <Score>100</Score> <Score>89</Score> </Student> </GradeBook> </dsig:Object></Signature>

The resource 0 object




Management

Let’s change the low grade!

<dsig:Object xmlns="" xmlns:dsig="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" Id="Res0">

<GradeBook> <Student> <Score>100</Score> <Score>100</Score> </Student></GradeBook></dsig:Object>




Management

And run verify…D:\McCarthy\www\95-804\IBMXMLSecuritySuite\SampleSign2>java VerifyCUI <

signature.xml

The signature has a KeyValue element.The signature has one or more X509Data elements.Checks an X509Data:1 certificate(s).

Certificate Information: Version: 1 Validity: OK SubjectDN: CN=Mike McCarthy, OU=Heinz School, O=CMU, L=Pgh, ST=PA, C=US IssuerDN: CN=Mike McCarthy, OU=Heinz School, O=CMU, L=Pgh, ST=PA, C=US Serial#: 0x3e88938dTime to verify: 521 [msec]Core Validity: NGSignature Validity: OK[0] "#Res0" NG: Digest value mismatch: calculated: tfVyHns8wRB6l/HDU2dXZkzf+7Q=Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Core Validity: NG at dsig.VerifyCUI.main(VerifyCUI.java:137)




Management

Another Example PO.XML

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><PurchaseOrder xmlns="urn:purchase-order"> <Customer> <Name>Robert Smith</Name> <CustomerId>788335</CustomerId> </Customer> <Item partNum="C763"> <ProductId>6883-JF3</ProductId> <Quantity>3</Quantity> <ShipDate>2002-09-03</ShipDate> <Name>ThinkPad X20</Name> </Item></PurchaseOrder>




Management

PO After Signing<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><SignedPurchaseOrder>

<PurchaseOrder id="id0" xmlns="urn:purchase-order"> <Customer> <Name>Robert Smith</Name> <CustomerId>788335</CustomerId> </Customer> <Item partNum="C763"> <ProductId>6883-JF3</ProductId> <Quantity>3</Quantity> <ShipDate>2002-09-03</ShipDate> <Name>ThinkPad X20</Name> </Item> </PurchaseOrder>




Management

<Signature xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <SignedInfo> <CanonicalizationMethod

Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315"/> <SignatureMethod

Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/> <Reference URI="#id0"> <DigestMethod

Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/>

<DigestValue>UfeiscUCL7QkhZtRDLWDPWLpVlA=</DigestValue> </Reference> </SignedInfo>




Management

<SignatureValue>

Ptysg8WdHI2mxwryOOt5I9r9qZm/2gNFNOJyH1Wak4nCUegRpe72tWnsigAKZyopmgUSH3TG

aGGQF1BTSvk3JUUY/ljrw+5FpTpf3hgZBi7GSWf6WtXqZvMYGUKIlvR/421MZg7P9XRUyy37

ZUzQHtmCYkBorEkEx1J4CYB0G2c=

</SignatureValue>




Management

<KeyInfo>

<X509Data> <X509Certificate> MIIDGjCCAoOgAwIBAgICAQAwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEFBQAwXzELMAkGA1UEBhMCSlAxETAPBgNVBAgT CEthbmFnYXdhMQ8wDQYDVQQHEwZZYW1hdG8xDDAKBgNVBAoTA0lCTTEMMAoGA1UECxMDVFJMMRAw

DgYDVQQDEwdUZXN0IENBMB4XDTAxMTAwMTA3MTYxMFoXDTExMTAwMTA3MTYxMFowUDELMAkGA1UE

BhMCSlAxETAPBgNVBAgTCEthbmFnYXdhMQwwCgYDVQQKEwNJQk0xDDAKBgNVBAsTA1RSTDESMBAG A1UEAxMJU2lnbmF0dXJlMIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQCvnFQiPEJnUZnkmzoc MjsseD8ms9HBgasZR0VOAvsby5aajsm9CtB18dDCemDXZ2YjBdprX+epfF4SLNP5ankfphhr9QXA NJdCKpyF3jPoydckle7E7gI9w3Q4NDa4ryVOuIS2qev6jlE7OVPqiXIDVlCH4u6GbIoJEpJ57yzx

dQIDAQABo4HzMIHwMAkGA1UdEwQCMAAwCwYDVR0PBAQDAgXgMCwGCWCGSAGG+EIBDQQfFh1PcGVu

U1NMIEdlbmVyYXRlZCBDZXJ0aWZpY2F0ZTAdBgNVHQ4EFgQUYapFv9MvQ9NNn1Q7zgzqka4XORsw gYgGA1UdIwSBgDB+gBR7FuT9bLBj3vVsgAzIeYa4hBUZBaFjpGEwXzELMAkGA1UEBhMCSlAxETAP BgNVBAgTCEthbmFnYXdhMQ8wDQYDVQQHEwZZYW1hdG8xDDAKBgNVBAoTA0lCTTEMMAoGA1UECxMD VFJMMRAwDgYDVQQDEwdUZXN0IENBggEAMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBQUAA4GBALFzGDXMzxJvOnCdJCMZ 2NsZdz1+wmoYyejB5J6Ch2ygdPeibMnW/CiYKCTWBhpEgxEqr1BNlgSVqA6nyvjHsVIvgBfwx37D hJ5hz4azpWu1X22XqyU9fUqoQUtEAdM/MlLekBkprkJVb9uJXTFzzvm/3DoEiBkX/BT78YdM8eq0 </X509Certificate> </X509Data>

</KeyInfo></Signature>

</SignedPurchaseOrder>




Management

WSS XMLDSig Listing 1

<?xml version=”1.0”?><SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV=”http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/”> <SOAP-ENV:Body> <s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners xmlns:s=“http://www.MyHotel.com/partnerservice/”>  </s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners> </SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

From “Web Services Security”, Bilal SiddiquiThere is no XMLDS in this example.




Management

Sign The SOAP Request <?xml version=”1.0”?>

<SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV=”http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/” xmlns:ds=”http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#”>

<SOAP-ENV:Header> <ds:Signature> <!– wraps all other XMLDS elements <ds:SignedInfo> <!– note the ds prefix </ds:SignedInfo> <!– note three children of Signature <ds:SignatureValue> </ds:SignatureValue> <ds:KeyInfo> </ds:KeyInfo> </ds:Signature> </SOAP-ENV:Header>

<SOAP-ENV:Body> <s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners xmlns:s=“http://www.MyHotel.com/partnerservice/”>  </s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners> </SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope>




Management

<?xml version=”1.0”?><SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV=”http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/” xmlns:ds=”http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#”>

<SOAP-ENV:Header> <ds:Signature> <ds:SignedInfo> <ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/> <ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/> <ds:Reference URI="#GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners"> <ds:Transforms> <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/> </ds:Transforms>

After Signing (1)




Management

<ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/> <ds:DigestValue> BIUddkjKKo2... </ds:DigestValue> </ds:Reference> </ds:SignedInfo> <ds:SignatureValue> halHJghyf765.... </ds:SignatureValue> <ds:KeyInfo> <!– the key name for signature verification <ds:KeyName>MyKeyIdentifier</ds:KeyName> </ds:KeyInfo> <!– application dependent, perhaps a symmetric key ID </ds:Signature> </SOAP-ENV:Header>

After Signing (2)




Management

<SOAP-ENV:Body> <s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners xmlns:s=“http://www.MyHotel.com/partnerservice/” ID="GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners">  </s:GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners> </SOAP-ENV:Body>

</SOAP-ENV:Envelope>

After Signing (3)




Management

Validation Procedure

(1) Canonicalize the SignedInfo element.

(2) Check message integrity. We’ll need

a. the data to be digested

b. any transforms to perform first

c. the digest algorithm

(3) If the digests compare equal verify the

signature (continued)




Management

Validation Procedure

(3) If the digests compare equal verify the signature a. get the signer’s key (public key or shared secret) perhaps by consulting the <keyInfo> element. b. read the signature method used to compute the signature c. Attempt to verify and if we have a match call GetSpecialDiscountedBookingForPartners




Management

XML Encryption

• W3C Recommendation 10 December 2002

• Notes from http://www-106.ibm.com/developerworks/library/x-encrypt/index.html

by Bilal Siddiqui

And “Secure XML” by Eastlake and Niles Addison Wesley




Management

General Form 1

<EncryptedData>

<CipherData>

<CipherValue>

cipher text in Base 64

</CipherValue>

</CipherData>

</EncryptedData>




Management

General Form 2

<EncryptedData>

<CipherData>

<CipherReference>

pointer (URL) to cipher text

</CipherReference>

</CipherData>

</EncryptedData>




Management

Replaces the encrypted element or

Serves as the new document root

May contain a KeyInfo element that describes the key needed for decryption (borrowed from XML Digital Signature) or

signature verification

EncryptedData is the core element




Management

General Example (1)

<MedInfo> <ID> <Name> <Address> </ID> <Medical>…</Medical> <Financial>…</Financial></MedInfo>




Management

General Example (2)

<MedInfo> <ID>….</ID> <EncryptedData> <KeyInfo> <KeyName>Medical </KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherValue> cipher text </EncryptedData>




Management

General Example (3)

<Financial> <EncryptedData> <KeyInfo> <KeyName>Pay </KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherValue> cipher text

</EncryptedData></Finacial>

</MedInfo>




Management

Detailed Example (Listing 1)

<purchaseOrder>

<Order>

<Item>book</Item>

<Id>123-958-74598</Id>

<Quantity>12</Quantity>

</Order>

<Payment>

<CardId>123654-8988889-9996874</CardId>

<CardName>visa</CardName>

<ValidDate>12-10-2004</ValidDate>

</Payment>

</purchaseOrder>




Management

Encrypting the Entire File (Listing 2)

<?xml version='1.0' ?>

<EncryptedData xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#' Type='http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types/text/xml'>

<CipherData>

<CipherValue>A23B45C56…</CipherValue>

</CipherData>

</EncryptedData>

IANA = Internet Assigned Numbers Authority a function of The Internet Corporationfor Assigned Names and Numbers




Management

Encrypting The Payment (Listing 3)

<?xml version='1.0' ?> <PurchaseOrder> <Order> <Item>book</Item> <Id>123-958-74598</Id> <Quantity>12</Quantity> </Order> <EncryptedData Type='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'> <CipherData> <CipherValue>A23B45C564587…</CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedData> </PurchaseOrder>

One element




Management

Encrypting Only the CardId (Listing 4)

<?xml version='1.0' ?> <PurchaseOrder> <Order> <Item>book</Item> <Id>123-958-74598</Id> <Quantity>12</Quantity> </Order> <Payment> <CardId> <EncryptedData Type='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Content' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'> <CipherData> <CipherValue>A23B45C564587</CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedData> </CardId> <CardName>visa</CardName> <ValidDate>12-10-2004</CardName> </Payment> </PurchaseOrder>

Element content




Management

Encrypting Non-XML Data (Listing 5)

<?xml version='1.0' ?>

<EncryptedData xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlen#'

Type='http://www.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types/jpeg' >

<CipherData>

<CipherValue>A23B45C56…</CipherValue>

</CipherData>

</EncryptedData>




Management

Sending a public key (listing 6)<?xml version='1.0' ?> <SecureCommunicationDemonstration> <EncryptedKey CarriedKeyName="Muhammad Imran" xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'> <ds:KeyInfo xmlns:ds='http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#'> <ds:KeyValue>1asd25fsdf2dfdsfsdfds2f1sd23 </ds:KeyValue> </ds:KeyInfo> </EncryptedKey></SecureCommunicationDemonstration>

This key is in the clear.




Management

Receiving a Secret Key Encrypted with a Public Key (listing 7)

<?xml version='1.0' ?> <SecureCommunicationDemonstration> <EncryptedKey CarriedKeyName="Imran Ali" xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'> <EncryptionMethod Algorithm= "http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-1_5"/> <CipherData> <CipherValue>xyza21212sdfdsfs7989fsdbc </CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedKey></SecureCommunicationDemonstration>

This key is encrypted.It’s name is Imran Ali.




Management

Data Encrypted to Secret Key (Listing 8)

<?xml version='1.0' ?> <<SecureCommunicationDemonstration> <Order> <Item>book</Item> <Id>123-958-74598</Id> <Quantity>12</Quantity> <CardName>Visa</CardName> <ExpDate>10-10-2005</ExpDate> <EncryptedData Type='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'> <EncryptionMethod Algorithm='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc '/> <ds:KeyInfo xmlns:ds='http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#'> <ds:KeyName>Imran ali</ds:KeyName> </ds:KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherValue>A23B45C564587</CipherValue> </CipherData> </EncryptedData> </Order> </SecureCommunicationDemonstration>

An element is encryptedwith the Imran Ali key.




Management

Pointing to encrypted data (listing 9)

<?xml version='1.0' ?> <EncryptedData xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#' Type= 'http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element'> <ds:KeyInfo xmlns:ds='http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#'> <ds:KeyName>Imran ali</ds:KeyName </ds:KeyInfo> <CipherData> <CipherReference URI="www.waxsys.com/secureData/waxFile.txt"/> </CipherData> </EncryptedData> The external source is encrypted

with the Imran Ali key.




Management

Point to a distant encrypted element (Listing 10)

<?xml version='1.0' ?> <EncryptedData ID="Enc-Data" xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#'

Type='http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Element' > <CipherReference URI="http://www.waxsys.com/EncFile.xml" > <Transforms xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#" > <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC- xpath-19991116"> <wax:XPath xmlns:wax="http://www.waxsys.com/xpathNS"> PruchaseOrder/EncryptedData [@Id="Imran-Enc-Data"] </wax:XPath> </ds:Transform> </Transforms> </CipherReference> </EncryptedData>

XPath is being used to point to the exact element that is encrypted.




Management

SOAP Response <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:ns0="http://xmlsoap.org/Ping" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <env:Header> <wsse:Security xmlns:wsse= "http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" env:mustUnderstand="1"> <wsse:BinarySecurityToken xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" EncodingType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap-message-security-1.0#Base64Binary" ValueType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-x509-token-profile-1.0#X509v3" wsu:Id="Id-2811617958072086928">MIIDWTCCAsKgAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhki G9w0BAQQFADB0MQswCQYDVQQGEw TkExCzAJBgNVBAcTAk5BMQswCQYDV Truncated for slides </wsse:BinarySecurityToken>




Management

<ds:Signature xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <ds:SignedInfo> <ds:CanonicalizationMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/> <ds:SignatureMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#rsa-sha1"/> <ds:Reference URI="#Id-2759303837586178391"> <ds:Transforms> <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/> </ds:Transforms> <ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/> <ds:DigestValue>+wIvYh7do417KoMegTdIsceVwa4=</ds:DigestValue> </ds:Reference> <ds:Reference URI="#Id-6781605803276963"> <ds:Transforms> <ds:Transform Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#"/> </ds:Transforms> <ds:DigestMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#sha1"/> <ds:DigestValue>LmLfuY64iaJ1GNm2tYFVxbGrFO8=</ds:DigestValue> </ds:Reference> </ds:SignedInfo>




Management

<ds:SignatureValue> kSzWeh29OTfPhYl1/+8RM2z2puuWXrfJLU6k+8MlC0PRYljt279NzSVgWUuKsCjYEggAtY6OEKIC hvNp18NQ3Im2NOb35vsFCzc4GQkIm8jn70TF9YF+vEYx5xX39f7mV96YMuwWfebYAAS/AEOnx/zh /YNfPT6l5oSdd2l5OzI= </ds:SignatureValue> <ds:KeyInfo> <wsse:SecurityTokenReference> <wsse:Reference URI="#Id-2811617958072086928" ValueType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-x509-token-profile-1.0#X509v3"/> </wsse:SecurityTokenReference> </ds:KeyInfo> </ds:Signature> <wsu:Timestamp xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" wsu:Id="Id-6781605803276963"> <wsu:Created>2005-04-09T15:27:44Z</wsu:Created> <wsu:Expires>2005-04-09T15:32:44Z</wsu:Expires> </wsu:Timestamp> </wsse:Security> </env:Header>




Management

<env:Body xmlns:wsu= "http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" wsu:Id="Id-2759303837586178391"> <ns0:PingResponse> <ns0:text>Hello! Mike!</ns0:text> </ns0:PingResponse> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>




Management

Tell The Client to Encrypt<xwss:JAXRPCSecurity xmlns:xwss="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/xwss/config">

<xwss:Service> <xwss:SecurityConfiguration dumpMessages="true">  <xwss:Encrypt> <xwss:X509Token certificateAlias="s1as"/> </xwss:Encrypt> </xwss:SecurityConfiguration> </xwss:Service>

<xwss:SecurityEnvironmentHandler> com.sun.xml.wss.sample.SecurityEnvironmentHandler </xwss:SecurityEnvironmentHandler>

</xwss:JAXRPCSecurity>




Management

Tell the server to require encryption

<xwss:JAXRPCSecurity xmlns:xwss="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/xwss/config">

<xwss:Service> <xwss:SecurityConfiguration dumpMessages="true">  <xwss:RequireEncryption/> </xwss:SecurityConfiguration> </xwss:Service>






Management

Encrypted Request <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:ns0="http://xmlsoap.org/Ping" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <env:Header> <wsse:Security xmlns:wsse="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" env:mustUnderstand="1"> <wsse:BinarySecurityToken xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd" EncodingType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap-message-security-1.0#Base64Binary" ValueType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-x509-token-profile-1.0#X509v3" wsu:Id="Id-6842673312555922560">MIIDWTCCAsKgAwIBAgIBATANBgkqhki G9w0BAQQFADB0MQswCQYDVQQGEw Large truncation for slides




Management

</wsse:BinarySecurityToken> <xenc:EncryptedKey xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#"> <xenc:EncryptionMethod Algorithm="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#rsa-oaep-mgf1p"/> <ds:KeyInfo xmlns:ds="http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#"> <wsse:SecurityTokenReference> <wsse:Reference URI="#Id-6842673312555922560" ValueType="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-x509-token-profile-1.0#X509v3"/> </wsse:SecurityTokenReference> </ds:KeyInfo> <xenc:CipherData> <xenc:CipherValue>KB79tvoF6Bu7JeL2Re6iGG8 BhdhOFcZiNDJrJNe8lV3GE6 Sk+s453IF3GFpmkmQttPhzH1D HKQ+2nFjIWPdyZObK3cVyDf rox7Ysjbfuo4TNwElHvKtnGVNb cQIGWiwyxHIZCjqCdF8LM8E1 gCZgYSaRh3V48VMlOsfZ8RCR Vjw= </xenc:CipherValue> </xenc:CipherData>




Management

<xenc:ReferenceList> <xenc:DataReference URI="#Id7870285788177789579"/> </xenc:ReferenceList> </xenc:EncryptedKey> </wsse:Security> </env:Header> <env:Body> <xenc:EncryptedData xmlns:xenc="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#" Id="Id7870285788177789579" Type="http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#Content"> <xenc:EncryptionMethod Algorithm= "http://www.w3.org/2001/04/xmlenc#tripledes-cbc"/> <xenc:CipherData> <xenc:CipherValue> SL1G08+bGFaqEOefJWtBpOipgkvs8i7JWNwoGum5TO EyZkStSKav/lYygoC5/ji11rccnQWNq/Tg1eYX52UTalAS Large truncation for slides </xenc:CipherValue> </xenc:CipherData> </xenc:EncryptedData> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>




Management

SOAP Response <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env= "http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:ns0="http://xmlsoap.org/Ping" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <env:Body> <ns0:PingResponse> <ns0:text>Hello! Mike!</ns0:text> </ns0:PingResponse> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>




Management

Tell the client to send a username/password

<xwss:JAXRPCSecurity xmlns:xwss="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/xwss/config">

<xwss:Service> <xwss:SecurityConfiguration dumpMessages="true">  <xwss:UsernameToken name="Ron" password="noR"/> </xwss:SecurityConfiguration> </xwss:Service>






Management

Username/Password Request<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:ns0="http://xmlsoap.org/Ping" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <env:Header> <wsse:Security xmlns:wsse="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-secext-1.0.xsd" env:mustUnderstand="1">




Management

<wsse:UsernameToken> <wsse:Username>Ron</wsse:Username> <wsse:Password>****</wsse:Password> <wsse:Nonce EncodingType= "http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap-message-security-1.0#Base64Binary"> yk/r/wJ0Ny/vbkm9OKpZwR6s </wsse:Nonce> <wsu:Created xmlns:wsu="http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-wssecurity-utility-1.0.xsd"> 2005-04-09T20:48:40Z </wsu:Created> </wsse:UsernameToken> </wsse:Security> </env:Header> <env:Body> <ns0:Ping> <ns0:ticket>SUNW</ns0:ticket> <ns0:text>Hello!</ns0:text> </ns0:Ping> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>




Management

SOAP Response <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <env:Envelope xmlns:env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:enc="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/encoding/" xmlns:ns0="http://xmlsoap.org/Ping" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <env:Body> <ns0:PingResponse> <ns0:text>Hello! Mike!</ns0:text> </ns0:PingResponse> </env:Body> </env:Envelope>

Documents

95-702 OCT Master of Information System Management 95-702 OCT Week 10 Securing Web Services XML Digital Signature XML Encryption Web Service Security