#92 Ling2 Z.A. Aziz, D.Achmad & Maizura (10 hal)

ii g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

Table of Content Table of Content ii Advisory Board xiii Organizing Committee xiv International Scientific Committee xv Welcome Speech from Rector of Syiah Kuala University xvii Welcome Speech from General Chair xix Foreword from Conference Chair xx Keynote Speaker 1 xxi Keynote Speaker 2 xxii Proceedings

1 From Grab and Go to Engaging Communities in Language Research Stefanie Pillai

1-7

2 Developing Knowledge Community: What is beyond n-helix? Yanuar Nugroho

8

3 The Relationship among Maternal, Household, Socio Economic Characteristics and Household Food Security in Aceh – Indonesia Srinita

9-16

4 The Analyze of Human Development Index: Concept and the Factors that Influenced in North Sumatera Province Muammar Rinaldi

17

5 Analysis of Inflation Determination in Indonesia, 2001-2015 T. Citra Nisa Farza

18

6 The Influence of Educational Sector and Government Spending on Healthcare, Household Consumption for Food and Poverty Levels on Human Development Index in Indonesia Eva Novita Mirna Lubis

19-24

7 The Effect of Money Supply, Interest Rate, and Exchange Rate on Inflation in Indonesia 2001-2013 Sri Wulandari

25-31

8 Promoting Inclusive Economic Growth to Combat Inequality and Poverty in Indonesia Arif Darmawan

32

9 Currency Demand Approach and Underground Economy in Qatar Jauhari B. Dahalan, Awadh Ahmed Mohammed Al-Gamal

33-48

10 Economic Development after Tin Mining: An analysis of Strategic Policy in Economic Sector development of Bangka Belitung through the Dependency Theory M. Adha Al Kodri, Aimie Sulaiman

49-56

11 A Perspective of Foreign Debt: A Case Study of Indonesia Selvia Inca Devi

57-64

iii g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

12 The Influence of Regional Gross Domestic Product, Open Unemployment Rate and Inflation on the level of Poverty in Aceh Province Hovonly Aprista Simbolon

65

13 The Effect of Unemployment Rate, Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product against Level of Poverty in Indonesia Inda Arfa Syera

66-72

14 The Effect of Regional Revenue on Economic Growth with Capital Expenditure as Mediation Variable – A Case of North Sumatera Province Octreshia Ellendythia Marpaung

73

15 The Influence of Inflation towards Unemployment in Indonesia Siska Angriani Hasibuan

74-80

16 Monetary Policy Rules and Economic Fluctuations Taufiq Carnegie Dawood

81-88

17 The Effect of Educational Level and Economic Growth on Poverty in Mandailing Natal Zainal Arifin

89-93

18 Household Industry Business Analysis in Improving Family Revenues Nel Arianty

94

19 Participation of a Foreign Investor for Supplying a Clean Water of Deli Serdang Regency of North Sumatera Province (Case Study: PT. Tirta Sumut, A Joint Venture Company) Sjahril Effendy

95-101

20 The Point of Intersection and Synergy of Islamic Economics and People's Economy Dewi Kartika

102-110

21 Determinants of Foreign Exchange Reserves in Indonesia; Inflation, Exchange Rate, Export, or Import Nelly Hutajulu

111

22 The Effect of Government Expenditures on Indonesian Unemployment and Poverty Level Sarah Dina

112

23 Forecast Audit towards 2016 Gross Domestic Product as Influence of Financial Growth and the ASEAN Economic Community Preparation Mutiara Shifa

113-121

24 A Comparative Analysis of Economic Farming Activity of Farmers Rice-Livestock Integrated Farming System (Rlifs) and Non Rlifs L Lindawati, Nunung Kusnadi, Sri Utami Kuntjoro, Dewa Ketut Sadra Swastika

122-130

25 The Monetary Policy Transmission Mechanism based Macroeconomic Model of North Sumatera: A Projection using Stochastic Simulation Dede Ruslan

131-141

iv g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

26 Application of Generic Porter Strategy For UMKM In Facing MEA Julita and Hasrudy Tanjung

142

27 A Performance Analysis of National Programme for Community Empowerment in Rural Indonesia Ida Zulfida, Ahmad Fauzi

143-155

28 A Budget Allocation Analysis and Poverty Alleviation Strategy in Aceh Post Conflict and Tsunami Agussabti, Jeliteng Pribadi, T. Zulham, Sofyan

156-164

29 The Strengthening Relationship between Economy and Government Spending: The Case of Indonesia Hasdi Aimon, Agus Irianto, Yeniwati

167-177

30 Why Performance Measurement System is Not Effective? A case study of Indonesian Local Government Heru Pahlevi

178

31 The Effect of Representative Account on Tax Intensification Activities Sri Rahayu, Faty Rahmarisa

179

32 The Influence of Environmental Responsibility Disclosure against The Financial Performance and Stock Performance: A Case Study of the Environmental Insecurity Companies listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange Elizar Sinambela, Ni Kadek Diwayami Sahasradewi

180-186

33 Model of Development of Tax Accounting using Tax Computer Program Zulia Hanum, Jasman Saripuddin, Rini Astuti

187-191

34 An Effectiveness Analysis of Land and Building Tax Revenue of the Regional Revenue Office of Medan Putri Kemala Dewi Lubis, Fitriany Saragih

192-199

35 The Role of Intellectual Capital in the Performance of Universities in Medan Delyana Rahmawany Pulungan, Murviana Koto

200-206

36 The Effect of the Information Technology Application and Professional Ethics on Auditors Performance Mulia Saputra, Mia Lutfi Shara

207-214

37 The Effect of Regional Tax and Regional Retribution on Regional Expenditure in Local Governments of North Sumatera Province Heny Triastuti Kurnia Ningsih

215-222

38 The Influence of Earnings, Cash Flow Components and Operating Working Capital on Future Cash Flow of Banking Sector in Indonesia Fayeno Yunanda and Islahuddin

223-230

39 The Effect of Collateralizable Asset, Dispersion of Ownership, Free Cash Flow and Investment Opportunity Set on Cash Dividend of Manufacturing Companies Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange Cut Bella Paramitha, Muhammad Arfan

231-238

40 The Effect of Organization Culture and Internal Control on Corporate Governance and its Impact on State Owned Enterprises Performance in Indonesia Maya Sari

239-246

v g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

41 Ownership Concentration and Firm Performance in Indonesia

Juanda

247-257

42 The Impact of Abnormal Return towards Dividend Changes with Private Information as a Moderating In Indonesia Nurul Husna, Faisal

258-267

43 Bankruptcy Analysis Using Altman Z-score Model in Retail Trading Company Listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange Ramadona Simbolon, Sri Elviani

268-275

44 The Role of Intellectual and Spiritual Capital in Developing Halal Tourism Agus Ariyanto, Rifyal Dahlawy Chalil

276-284

45 Analysis on Factors Influencing Students Financial Literacy

Ade Gunawan, Murviana Koto

285-291

46 The Effect of Bank Monitoring on Profit Efficiency of Banking Companies Listed in the Indonesian Stock Exchange Moulana Rizqi, Faisal

292-300

47 The Financial Literacy of Students and Investment Decisions in the Indonesia Stock Exchange Murviana Koto, Delyana Rahmawany Pulungan

301-307

48 The Impact of Acehnese Respect to Customization, Corporate Reputation and Airline Service Quality to Switching Barriers and Customer Loyalty: A Study of Airline Customers in Indonesia Syafruddin Chan,Zainal Putra, Kurnia Asni

308-320

49 Factors Influencing Consumers’ Preference in Foreign-Branded Local Food Mahir Pradana, Taufiq Syahrir, Muhammad Diandri Darmawan

321

50 The Effect of Internet User Behavior on Effective Marketing via Online Group Buying in Taiwan Nara Pristiwa, Wan-Tran Huang, Desi Ayuningtyas

322-329

51 Analysis of Effect of Promotion and Word of Mouth on Purchase Decision: Case of Student University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara Mutia Arda

330-337

52 The Effect of Price and Service Quality on Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty Customer Waroeng Steak and Shake Medan Satria Mirsya Affandy Nasution

338-343

53 The Determinants of Online Buying Intention Junita Safitri, Paham Ginting, Endang Sulistya Rini, Arlina Nurbaity Lubis

344-351

54 The Influence of Payment System, Ordering System, and Shipping System towards E-Commerce Fraud Meiliyah Ariani, Zulhawati

352-359

55 The Effect of Kaizen Culture and Work Competency on Employees Performance in PT. Bank Sumut Air Joman Branch Rahmat Putra Ahmad Hasibuan

360

vi g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

56 Gen Y in Workplace: An Exploratory Study

Romiza Md Akhir, Noor Raihan Ab Hamid

361-365

57 Communication Strategy of Public Relation in Building competiveness of Higher Education Quality: A Case of Stain Tengku Dirundeng Meulaboh Mukhsinuddin

366-374

58 Knowledge sharing among business service professional in Malaysia: An Exploratory Study Mohd Misron Omar, Noor Raihan AB Hamid

375-381

59 An Analysis of Factors Affecting the Performance of Disaster Management Agency Susi Handayani

382-388

60 The Role of Competitive Advantage in Mediating the Effect of Entrepreneurial Orientation and Knowledge Management toward Business Performance Nurlina, Nurdasila Darsono

389-400

61 Islamic Banking Employee Loyalty Level in Banda Aceh – Indonesia: An Islamic Perspective Ridwan Nurdin

401-410

62 Innovative Work Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review and Conceptual Model Development Mohd Faiz Hilmi,Siti Haslina Md Harizan and Yanti Mustapha

411

63 Improving Competitiveness Strategy for SME’s through Optimization Human Resources Management Function Lila Bismala, Susi Handayani

412-420

64 An Analysis of Micro Enterprise Development Factors in Dealing Business Competition in Medan City Raihanah Daulay, Siti Mujiatun

421-428

65 The Role of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Employee at Government of Aceh Teuku Aznal, Yusniar

429-436

66 Implementation of Incentive and Career Development of Performance with Motivation as an Intervening Variable Jufrizen, Delyana Rahmawany Pulungan

437-442

67 An Empirical Study on the Internet usage Among Young Creative Entrepreneurs in Malaysia: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach Ilham Sentosa, Aimi Zulhazmi Abdul Rashid, Sheikh Muhamad Hizam, Weni Hawariyuni

443-452

68 Defining Service Quality framework for Halal Tourism in Indonesia Amilia Hasbullah, Suharto and Budhi Suparningsih

453

69 An Effectiveness Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility of Empowerment Program in Terminal BBM Pertamina Siantar Muhammad Umar Maya Putra, Ami Dilham

454-461

vii g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

70 Monitoring and Evaluation System Design for Small Medium Enterprises Development Program Dewi Andriany, Syaiful Bahri

462

71 Analysis of the Online Payment Point System of Banking to Customer Satisfaction in PDAM Tirtanadi Brach Medan Sunggal Syaiful Bahri

463-470

72 Coffee Shop’s Characteristic and Factors Influence the Number of Visitors and Profit Level of Popular Coffee Shops in Banda Aceh City Suyanti Kasimin

471-479

73 Analysis of business Environment in Hospitality Companies in North Sumatera Widia Astuty

480-487

74 Participation of Informal Institutions in Ecotourism Management at Clungup Beach in Southern Malang Harsuko Riniwati, Nuddin Harahab and Zaenal Abidin

488-499

75 The Influence Of Service Quality And Student Perceived Value on Student Satisfaction and Competitive Advantage in Higher Education Sahyar

500

76 You give more, I give more: “The impact of career growth on knowledge sharing behavior.” Irma Suryani

501-514

77 Innovation and Competitiveness: A Case Study in the Accounting Department of An Entrepreneurial-Based University Wirawan ED Radianto, Tommy Christian Efrata

515-523

78 The Effect of Kaizen Culture and Leadership on Employee Performance with Work Satisfaction as Intervening variable: Study on PT Bank Central Asia Main Branch Office of Medan Anggia Sari Lubis

524-534

79 Development Strategy Business of Sipirok Weaving Handicrafts Muhammad Buchari Sibuea, Faiz Ahmad Sibuea

535-541

80 The Influence of Management Practices on Service Recovery Performance, Turnover Intention and Job Satisfaction among Front Line Officer in the Public Sector Organisation in Jordan Sakher A.I. Al-Bazaiah, Hashim Hassan, Ilham Sentosa

542-555

81 How the People of Aceh Perceive Western and Islamic Democracy (A Study Based on Political Marketing Approach) Hafasnuddin

556-564

82 An Analysis of the Opening and Closing Verses in the Holy Quran Ali Kazemi, Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan

565-571

83 The Role of Oral English Proficiency of the Local Tour Guides in Promoting Aceh Tsunami Museum Sofyan A. Gani, Cut Intan Damayanti

572-578

viii g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

84 The Inheritance of Vowel Phoneme of the Proto Austronesia Language in Tamiang Language Devi Pratiwy

579-585

85 ‘Mind Your Language’: Investigating the Common Stereotypes Depicted in the Characters of an EFL Sitcom Elvina Arapah

586-593

86 Directive Illocutionary Acts Used in the English Translation of the Holy Quran by Muhammad Asad: A Corpus Based Study Hapikry Surya Permana, Elvi Citraresmana

594-601

87 Acehnese Idioms among Acehnese Adolescents: What is Pèh Tèm? Ida Muliawati, Faizatul Husna, Nyak Mutia Ismail, Fera Busfina Zalha

602-609

88 Acoustic Analysis on English Oral Vowels Produced by Acehnese Speakers from Aceh Besar by Using PRAAT Software Ika Apriani Fata, Ikhwani, Fajar Fitrian, Ikhsan, Teuku Mohammad Aulia, Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf

610-615

89 Acehnese Proxemic Behavior: A Public Investigation Rusma Setiyana, Nyak Mutia Ismail, Endah Annisa Rahma, Faizatul Husna

616-623

90 Directive Illocutionary Acts by Mario Teguh in ‘Super Show’ Talk Show: A Pragmatics Study Jessica Angela Aziz, Sutiono Mahdi, Rosaria Mita Amalia

624-630

91 Directive Illocutionary Acts as a Teaching Method Relating to Status Scale Dimension in Sociopragmatics Study Rosaria Mita Amalia, Jessica Angela Aziz

631-635

92 Face Threatening Acts and Politeness Strategy in the Issued of the Live Banned Export of Live Cattle by the Australian Government to Indonesia Rosaria Mita Amalia, Elvi Citraresmana, Nurul Hikmayaty Saefullah, Aridhtardha Atmaja Putra

636-642

93 Written Code Mixing of Bahasa Indonesia–English in a Magazine Zulfadli A. Aziz, Diana Achmad, Maizura

643-652

94 Acehnese Students’ Perceptions toward their Native English Speaking Teachers (NEST) Nurul Inayah, Syamsul Bahri Ys, Nandira Syahnaz

653-660

95 The Ritual of Khanduri Jeurat in Southwest Aceh, Indonesia Abdul Manan and Nanda Ria

661-669

96 Utilizing Humor among Teaching Colleagues and its effect on their happiness in Islamic Higher Education of Indonesia Fahmi Gunawan, Imelda Wahyuni

670-679

97 Types and Functions of Code Switching in a Thesis Defense Examination Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf, Usman Kasim, Sri Rahayu Jumiati Ningsih

680

98 Lecturers’ Oral Corrective Feedback in Speaking Class: Students’ Perceptions Asnawi Muslem, T. Zulfikar, Inas Astila, Bustami Usman, Arifin Syamaun

681-690

ix g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

99 Teachers’ Ability to Use Icebreaking Activities in Teaching Speaking Diana Fauzia Sari, Nini Darniati, Potjut Ernawati

691-698

100 Student Perceptions of Cheating Behavior during Learning Evaluation: A Case Study of Indonesian Students Ika Kana Trisnawati, Yuniarti

699-706

101 EFL Students’ Cooperation and Creativity in Using English Grammar through Poetry-Based Method Suswati Hendriani, Martin Kustati

707-714

102 The Anxiety of Learning English by Senior High School Students in Medan Susi Ekalestari, Azmir Pasaribu

715-721

103 The Exploration of Image-Word Relations in Students’ Visual Representations Siti Sarah Fitriani, Nira Erdiana, Iskandar Abdul Samad

722-729

104 Portrait of Good EFL Thesis Advisors Saiful

730-737

105 Strategies proposed for listening comprehension in PBT TOEFL: Tricks that do not work Faisal Mustafa, Tomi Mandala Putra

738-747

106 EFL Students’ Mastery of English Grammar across Proficiency Levels Riki Muhamanda, Faisal Mustafa

748

107 The Main Character in Khaled Hosseini’s Novel The Kite Runner: An Interdisciplinary Analysis of Literary Work from Psychological Standpoint Saiful Akmal, Sabriyati

749-756

108 The Correlation between Teachers' Beliefs and Their Professionalism Zaiyana Putri, Marisa Yoestara, Zulfadli A. Aziz, Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf

757-761

109 Features of Javanese Woman in Hamka’s Merantau ke Deli Pardi, Safitri Hariani

762-767

110 Colonialism as a Redeeming Evil in Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart Purwarno, Andang Suhendi

768-775

111 Uncivilization in William Shakespeare’s Play The Tempest: Deconstructive Criticism Sri Wulan

776-782

112 An Analysis of Setting Shift in Novel Megat by Rida K. Liamsi Syafrial, Hadi Rumadi, Oki Rasdana

783-788

113 Feminism Perspective in the Novel Cinta di dalam Gelas by Andrea Hirata Rabiatul Adawiyah Siregar

789-793

114 Ridiculing Capitalism in Bertold Brecht’s Caucasian Chalk Circle Darman Sitepu, M. Amrin Siregar

794-802

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115 Supernatural Phenomena in Synge’s Riders to the Sea Hidayati

803-807

116 Students’ Performance in Solving Problems Involving Fractions Linda Vitoria, Fauzi, Nadia Ananda

808-815

117 Analysis of Students’ Ability in Solving Graph Problems Dedek Faradilla, Rahmah Johar

816-822

118 Students’ Creativity in Solving Mathematical Problems through Problem Based Learning Farrah Maulidia, Rahmah Johar, Andariah

823-829

119 Students’ Ability in Proving Pythagorean Theorem through Discovery Learning Model Using Geogebra Software Fathiya Salsabila, Rahmah Johar, Susanti Panca Wahyuni

830-838

120 Analysis of Students’ Errors in Solving Word Problem Related Graph Khairiyah Rahma Lubis, Rahmah Johar, Andariah

839-847

121 Implementation of Project Based Learning in Teaching Statistics Rizki Julina, Rahmah Johar, Yuniati

848-856

122 Active Learning Process in Bidik Misi’s Students of Mathematics Education in Syiah Kuala University Sry Rasyiidu Tebe, Rahmah Johar, Suhartati

857-862

123 Identification of Acid-Based Concept Understanding Using the Assessment of A Two-Tier Multiple Choice Diagnostic Instrument Lisa Ariyanti Pohan, Syahwin

863-873

124 The Analysis of Students’ Spatial Ability at Senior High School in Banda Aceh Nanda Rahmatulwahidah, Cut Morina Zubainur

874-881

125 Students’ Ability in Solving PISA Problems Septiya Wulandari, Cut Morina Zubainur

882-888

126 Students’ Ability in Solving PISA Problems Septiya Wulandari, Cut Morina Zubainur

889-895

127 The Development of Snake Ladder Game Media in Compound’s Nomenclature Subject for Tenth Graders at SMAN 16 Banda Aceh Habibati, M. Hasan, Ria Afriza

896-903

128 The Development of Students’ Worksheet Based on Predict-Observe-Explain (POE) Riska Mulyani, Saminan, Sulastri

904-910

129 The Effectivity of Mini Research Application on Contextual Learning Based for Students’ Attitude at Microbiology Subject Hasruddin, Fauziyah Harahap, Mahmud

911-918

130 The Effectivity of Inquiry Contextual Learning Model on Student Science Process Skills in Food Microbiology in Biology Department, the State University of Medan Henni Rahayu Siregar, Hasruddin, Martina Restuati

919-924

xi g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

131 Implementation of Problem Based Learning Module to Improve Students’ Interest in Physics Learning A. Halim, Adlim, Izkar Hadiya, Eviza Nurfadilla

925-931

132 Gampong Leadership and Disaster Mitigation: A Study Case in Aceh Besar District Sulaiman, Kamaruzzaman Bustamam-Ahmad, Esmi Warassih, Adji Samekto, M. Adli Abdullah

932-939

133 Criminal Implications of Government Policy on Visa-Free Enforcement (Misuse of Residence Permits Based on Tourism) Arif Rohman

940-946

134 Legal Protection to Consumer Food Products which are Imported without Label Graft and the Illegal Path in North Kalimantan Wiwin Dwi Ratna Febryanti, Darwis Manurung, Nurzamzam

947

135 Land Cultivation Rights on Indicated Abandoned Land in Western Aceh Regency (Identification of Causal Factors and Legal Aspects of the Settlement) Ilyas Ismail, Abdurrahman, Yunita

948-953

136 Autonomy in Aceh-Indonesia, from Armed Conflict to Regulation Conflict Muhammad Siddiq Armia

954-962

137 A Legal Aspect on The Development of Environmental Concept Management in Aceh Barat District Nila Trisna

963-969

138 Women in Politics of Tin Resources: Multiple Problems of Human Rights under the Curse Shadows of Natural Resources-Tin Mining in Bangka Belitung Islands) Rendy

970-982

139 The Character Change of Coastal Society after Tsunami Arfriani Maifizar, Faizatul Husna, Irma Juraida

983-989

140 Description of City Population Growth Rate of Banda Aceh Post Tsunami 24 December 2014 Muhammad Okta Ridha Maulidian, Hasmunir

990-996

141 What determine Ragpickers’ Movement and Location Selection? – A Qualitative Study in Depok City Putri Intan Adella, Triarko Nurlambang, Hafid Setiadi

997-1004

142 Students’ Knowledge Level about Earthquake and Tsunami in Disaster and Non-Disaster Alert School in Banda Aceh Hasmunir, Muhammad Okta Ridha Maulidian

1005-1013

143 The Influence of Lecturer Competences on Students Learning Achievement of Faculty of Literature, Islamic University of North Sumatra Asnani, Nurismilida

1014-1021

144 Modeling Learning Strategy for Students with Competitive Behavior and its Impact on Civic Education Learning Achievement Evi Susilawati

1022-1029

xii g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

145 Study on The Forgiveness Concept of Aceh Conflict Victims Hafnidar, Nursan Junita, Ratna

1030

146 Factors Affecting the Migration Decision of Tsunami Survivors from the Relocation Area Saiful Mahdi, Nany Salwa, Cut Mardiana

1031-1039

147 Clustering Regency/City in Indonesia based on Human Development Index Indicators Nurhasanah, Nany Salwa, Lyra Ornila

1040-1044

148 Women Experiences in Interpreting the Islamic Sharia Implementation in Aceh (A Reception Analysis of Women Readers on Serambi Indonesia Daily News) Putri Maulina

1045-1051

149 Women Empowerment on Waste Management in Sub-District of Dau, Malang Regency Wike, Harsuko Riniwati and Endah Setyowati

1052-1058

150 Smart Partnership and Innovative Holistic Development Projects: A Case Study of Waqf Land of Nurul Islam Society Dr. Shaik Abdullah Bin Hassan Mydin

1059

151 Ikhwan Muslimin Thoughts on Islamic State Ahmad Dzulfahmi Muhamad

1060

xiii g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

Advisory Board

Prof. Dr. Samsul Rizal Rector of Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

Dr. Hizir Vice Rector I for Academic Affairs, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Husni Vice Rector II for Financial Affairs, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

Dr. Alfiansyah B.C. Vice Rector III for Alumnae and Student Affairs, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

Dr. Nazamuddin Vice Rector IV for Planning, Cooperation, and Community Affairs, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

Prof. Dr. Hasanuddin Head of Institute for Research and Community Services, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

Dr. M. Shabri Majid Secretary of Institute for Research and Community Services, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

xiv g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

Organizing Committee General Chair Dr. Ramzi Adriman, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia General Co-Chair Afdhal Azmi, M.Sc., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Treasurer and Finance Chair Dr. Ira Devi Sara, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Conference Chair Dr. Heru Fahlevi, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Editor in Chief Dr. Yunisrina Qismullah Yusuf, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Publication Chair Faisal Mustafa, M.A., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Publicity and Promotion Chair Dr. Siti Sarah Fitriani, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Website Developer Muhammad Chandra Gunawan, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Syahabuddin, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Local Arrangement Committee Wardah, M.H., LL.M, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

xv g The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 – Syiah Kuala University

International Scientific Committee Scientific Committee Chair Dr. M. Shabri Majid, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Scientific Committee Member Prof. Dr. Anthony Reid, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australia Prof. Dr. Edward Aspinall, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australia Prof. Dr. Melinda Whong, University of Leeds, United Kingdom

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Daniel Birchok, University of Michigan, USA Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ilham Sentosa, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Business School, Malaysia Assoc. Prof. Dr. Mohammad Ali Salmani Nodoushan, Iranian Institute for Encyclopedia Research, Iran Assoc. Prof. Dr. Pairote Bennui, Thaksin University, Thailand Dr. Abdur Rafik, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia Dr. Agus Nugroho, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Ahmad Ikhwan Setiawan, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia Dr. Ahmed H. Ahmed, South Valley University, Egypt Dr. Alhashmi Aboubaker Lasyoud, University of Sharjah, UAE Dr. Alhasmi Aboubaker, University of Sharjah, United Emirates Arab Dr. Anas Hidayat, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia Dr. Andi Ulfa Tenri Pada, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Anwar, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Astri Yulia, University of Selangor, Malaysia Dr. Chanida Yarana, Naresuan University, Thailand Dr. Dwi Wulandari, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia Dr. Elizar, STKIP BBG Banda Aceh, Indonesia Dr. Ersa Tri Wahyuni, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia Dr. Ezni Balqiah, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Dr. Faisal, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Faiz Izwan Anuar, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Dr. Ghassan H. Mardini, University of Qatar, Qatar Dr. Hasan Basri, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Henry Aspan, Pembangunan Panca Budi University, Indonesia Dr. Idqan Fahmi, Bogor Agricultural University, Indonesia Dr. Irwan Adi Ekaputra, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Dr. Iskandar Abdul Samad, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Irsyadillah, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Jaka Sriyana, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Indonesia Dr. Jane Teng Yan Fang, Sultan Idris Education University, Malaysia Dr. Jelly Leviza, Sumatera Utara University, Indonesia Dr. Kismullah, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. M. Nur Rianto Al Arif, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah, Indonesia Dr. Martin Kustati, Universitas Islam Negeri Imam Bonjol, Indonesia Dr. Mit Witjaksono, Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia Dr. Muhammad Sidiq Armia, Ar-Raniry Islamic State University, Indonesia

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Dr. Phil. Abdul Manan, Ar- Raniry Islamic State University, Indonesia Dr. Phil. Saiful Akmal, Ar- Raniry Islamic State University, Indonesia Dr. Putu Anom Mahadwartha, Universitas Surabaya, Indonesia Dr. Rahmah Johar, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Robert Amery, University of Adelaide, Australia Dr. Rosaria Mita Amalia, Padjajaran University, Indonesia Dr. Rudy Badrudin, YKPN School of Business Yogyakarta, Indonesia Dr. Safrida, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Saiful Mahdi, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Sirichai Mongkolkiastri, Bangkok University, Thailand Dr. T. Zulfikar, Ar- Raniry Islamic State University, Indonesia Dr. Wen Yi Soh, Southern University College, Malaysia Dr. Willy Abdillah, University of Bengkulu, Indonesia Dr. Zulfadli A. Azis, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dr. Zuraida, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Taufiq Carnegie Dawood, S.E., M.Ec.Dev., PhD., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Wiwiek Rabiatul Adawiyah, PhD., Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia Zaafri Ananto Husodo, PhD., Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia Burhansyah, M.A., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Chairina Natsir, M.A., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Cut Khairunnisak, M.Sc., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dian Fajrina, M.Ed., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Diana Achmad, M.Ed., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Diana Fauzia Sari, M.A., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Dohra Fitrisia, M.Ed., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Habibati, M.Sc., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Hendra Heriansyah, M.Pd., M.TESOL, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Ika Apriani Fata, M. Hum., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Masrizal, M.Ed., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Muhammad Aulia, M.TESOL, Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Nira Erdiana, M.Pd., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Sophia Listriani, LL.M., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Tengku Maya Silviyanti, M.A., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia Yuliana Natsir, M.A., Syiah Kuala University, Indonesia

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Welcome Speech from Rector of Syiah Kuala University Assalamualaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,

In the name of Allah, the Most Beneficent and the Most Merciful. May peace, mercy, and blessings of Allah be upon you. Dear colleagues, professors, lecturers, researchers, ladies and gentlemen. On behalf of Syiah Kuala University, I would like to express my sincere gratitude and welcome you to the 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017. This year, the 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences is supported and co-organized by Universiti Sains Malaysia, Hasanuddin University, Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara, BKS-PTN Barat, and IMT-GT Uninet. Thus, I would be glad to express my sincere appreciation for their

collaboration and support for the conference. Moreover, I honorably welcome our keynote speakers Prof. Dr. Stefanie Shamilla Pillai from University of Malaya, Malaysia, and Dr. Yanuar Nugroho from University of Manchester, United Kingdom, and the Deputy Chief of Staff for Analysis and Oversight of Strategic Issues on Social, Cultural and Ecological Affairs at the Executive Office of the President, Republic of Indonesia. It is my hope that the 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 would be able to achieve its objective in providing an effective forum for academician, researchers, and practitioners to advancing knowledge, research, and technology for humanity. There has always been a gap between peoples and communities who can make effective use of technology and those who cannot. 'Humanity' (or being 'humane') can also in one usage refer to civil rights and social causes, or in other words to people treating each other with care, compassion, and dignity; respecting the common 'humanity' in the other person. Therefore, despite what we may have been falsely led to believe, matters of 'human' rights have no relation to politics or any part of the so-called political spectrum: they do not belong to any political party or faction, nor to any individual or organization; they are part of our common nature, part of the collective 'humanity' spoken for by our very existence. For that matter, all academicians, researchers, and practitioners should consider humanity things to make a peaceful world. With humanity, we change to the better environment and a better life. We believe knowledge, research and technology for all people, for minorities, people with disabilities, and to help anyone. No matter how much we can accomplish by ourselves, whether it be research or development, it is never sufficient in this world of knowledge. Therefore, the focal drive of this conference is to exchange ideas, and by participating in this exchange, it is hoped that all parties who may benefit from the conference can apply it in managing activities in their areas. It is pleasing to note that the agenda of this conference covers a wide range of interesting topics related to all theoretical and practical aspects, but not limited to Economics, Business & Management, Art, Law & History, and Education & Language. Last but not least, my deepest gratitude goes to the Advisory Board, Organizing Committee, International Scientific Committee, institutions, companies, and volunteer who have directly and indirectly supported the success of this seminar. The committee has organized a vibrant scientific program and is working hard to present highly respected and internationally notorious speakers to lead it. Although

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we try our finest to be professional, on behalf of Syiah Kuala University, please accept our sincere apologies should there be inconveniences that occur before, during, or after the event. I wish you a very productive conference with exciting and encouraging discussions and exchange of knowledge so that together we can anticipate a future of groundbreaking knowledge, research, and technology for humanities. May God bless us all with good health to make this event a successful and enjoyable one! Best Regards, Prof. Dr. Ir. Samsul Rizal, M.Eng Rector of Syiah Kuala University

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Welcome Speech from General Chair Assalamualaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,

On behalf of the organizing committees, I would like to welcome all of you to Banda Aceh, Indonesia for the 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences as a part of the 2017 Annual International Conference (AIC) Syiah Kuala University. This conference is co-organized by Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU), Universitas Hasanuddin (UNHAS), and the Cooperation Agency of Public Universities in the Western Region of Indonesia (BKS PTN Barat) and IMT-GT Uninet. The annual event in 2017 is joint conference between the 7th Annual International Conference (AIC) Syiah Kuala University and The 6th International Conference on

Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR). The AIC is an annual international conference carried out regularly by Syiah Kuala University since 2011. The ICMR is an annual event which has been jointly organized by UNSYIAH, USM, UISU and UNHAS since 2012. Therefore, we would like to express our sincere appreciation for their support to the conference. Under the theme of the conference "Advancing Knowledge, Research, and Technology for Humanity", this conference features a rich program, including Syiah Kuala University Innovation Expo 2017, two keynote speeches delivered by Prof. Dr. Stefanie Shamilla Pillai from University of Malaya, Malaysia, and Dr. Yanuar Nugroho from University of Manchester, United Kingdom, and the Deputy Chief of Staff for Analysis and Oversight of Strategic Issues on Social, Cultural and Ecological Affairs at the Executive Office of the President, Republic of Indonesia. The AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences 2017 offers a special opportunity to bring together professors, researchers and scholars around the globe, and serves as a platform to deliver innovative research results and latest trends and development in the fields of health and life sciences. The selected papers in this conference will have the opportunities to be published in Scopus-cited and Thomson Reuters ISI-cited journals. The conference has received 210 submitted papers, whereby 150 papers from Indonesia, Malaysia, The Republic of Iran, Jordan and Taiwan have been accepted by the committees for presentation and to be included in the proceedings. These papers on various topics are divided into 20 parallel sessions in the conference. To all members of the organizing committees, the international scientific committee, the reviewers, and the collaboration partners, we would like to thank all of them for their tremendous efforts to organize this conference successfully. We look forward to having a successful conference, and we hope that all the attendees enjoy and benefit from this conference. Best Regards, Dr. Ramzi Adriman General Chair

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Foreword from Conference Chair Assalamualaikum Wa Rahmatullahi Wa Barakatuh,

It is my pleasure to greet you on behalf of the committee of The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences conducted by Syiah Kuala University. I am indeed grateful that the 7th Annual International Conference on Social Sciences has become a reality. With the theme "advancing knowledge, research, and technology for humanity", this conference was organized as a medium for promoting research and studies in the fields of Economics, Business and Management, Art, Law, and History, Education and Language, and Others. It also serves as a medium for exchange of information, ideas and experience, and scientific discussion, to

increase the consciousness of the importance of research for academicians and practitioners. I wish to express my exceptional gratitude to all the authors of papers, reviewers, conference participants, committee members and those volunteers who have made this conference a great success. The conference and proceedings are a tribute to a large group of people and everyone should be pleased of the product. There are two keynote speakers covering the areas of language research and knowledge community development. Their talks for sure envelop the full range of the conference topics. We received more than 350 papers this year and only accepted 150 papers by authors from Indonesia and 4 from other countries to be presented in the conference. The papers are from many different research studies prepared by professors, lecturers, teachers and graduate students. The publication of these proceedings can hopefully be used as secondary data for the development of further scientific papers and as input for further research, as well as for sources of references for the development of knowledge. Finally, I am truly grateful for all our members of the Organizing and Program Committee and technical support staff who have devoted their time and endless patience to the organization of this conference, and to the conference editors who have ensured the quality of the papers. Their contributions and effort inbuilt in quality of the 7th Annual International Conference on Social Sciences and its Proceedings are highly appreciated. Best Regards, Dr.rer.pol. Heru Fahlevi M.Sc. Chair The 7th AIC-ICMR on Social Sciences

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Keynote Speaker 1

From Grab and Go to Engaging Communities in Language Research

Prof. Dr. Stefanie Pillai Department of English Language,

Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Email: [email protected]

Abstract

In many cases, language researchers collect data from community of speakers and then go on to write their theses, academic articles book, and present at conferences. The benefit of the research to these communities is often minimal. There is often no social obligation for researchers to give back to communities via knowledge-sharing activities. This leaves a large gap in the process of language research as the research findings have little or no impact on the communities concerned. This paper discusses (i) shifting the ‘grab-and-go’ research approach to one that incorporates knowledge sharing and community engagement; (ii) ways in which researchers can engage communities to help them to document, preserve and revitalize their language drawing on specific examples of the cycle of language research, documentation and revitalization of Malacca Portuguese Creole. Keywords: Community engagement, language research, Malacca Portuguese Creole, endangered languages, research impact.

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Keynote Speaker 1 – Profile

Dr. Stefanie Shamila Pillai is a Professor at the Department of English Language, Faculty of Languages and Linguistics, University of Malaya (UM). Her main areas of research interest are the segmental and prosodic features of spoken Malaysian English, and the revitalisation of Malacca Portuguese Creole or Cristang. Her initial work on the Creole was funded by, and has been archived in the Endangered Languages Archive. http://elar.soas.ac.uk/deposit/0123).

Prof. Dr. Stefanie currently the Dean of the Faculty of Languages and Linguistics. She was the Deputy Dean for Postgraduate Studies of the Faculty from August 2014, and previously headed the University's Centre for Industrial Training and Relations, which later expanded to become the Centre for Community and Industry Relations. See her publication [at] ResearcherID Link. More information about Dr. Stefanie [at] https://umexpert.um.edu.my/stefanie .

https://umexpert.um.edu.my/stefanie

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Keynote Speaker 2

Developing Knowledge Community:

What is beyond n-helix?

Dr. Yanuar Nugroho

Honorary Research Fellow, University of Manchester, UK Deputy II to the Chief of Staff, Executive Office of the President, Indonesia

Member of Indonesian Young Academy of Sciences Email: [email protected]

Abstract Perhaps one most important signifier of progress in this age is knowledge creation. Today, knowledge has become the basic substance and fabric of the whole dynamics of the society. Knowledge sector has given birth to what we now know as knowledge-based economy, knowledge-based society, knowledge-based policymaking and politics, and even knowledge-based culture. However, scholarly debate on knowledge creation seems to have somehow reached saturation point. ‘Triple-helix’ (Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 2000) was coined, after the ‘New Production of Knowledge’ (Gibbons, 1994), in an effort to understand the dynamics of the interaction among different actors –government, universities, and business—in fostering innovation, technological progress, and knowledge transfer (Etzkowitz & Leydesdorff, 2000:118). Quickly becoming a ‘norm’ in innovation policy (after Lundvall, Borras, 2005) many started to follow with quadruple, quintuple, sextuple, and more, helices. Yet, at the conceptual level, there is nothing new after ‘triple helix’: that knowledge has never been created and produced monolithically, let alone in a centralized manner. Knowledge production is always multidimensional, distributed, and involves multi-actors. In many economies, particularly the emerging ones like Indonesia, knowledge is perceived to be significantly helping inform policy and development. But what are actually the implications of this to policymaking processes? To what extent do knowledge inform policy and how? This presentation attempts to provide some insights on the matter by focusing on the way in which knowledge has been advanced to inform development policy. Keywords: knowledge, innovation policy, knowledge production, development.

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Keynote Speaker 2 – Profile

Dr. Yanuar Nugroho is a senior academic with the University of Manchester, UK (2004-now, honorary status from 2015) and Deputy Chief of Staff for Analysis and Oversight of Strategic Issues on Social, Cultural and Ecological Affairs at the Executive Office of the President, Republic Indonesia (2015-now). He was previously the Director and Expert Adviser (Echelon 1 level) to the Head of the President’s Delivery Unit for Development Monitoring and Oversight (UKP-PPP/UKP4) (2012-2014). An experienced researcher (Grade 7, UK HEI by 2012); former holder of the ‘Hallsworth Fellowship Award in Political-Economy’ 2010-

2012; awarded ‘Outstanding Academic of the Year 2009’ by Manchester Business School; working on innovation and social change, sustainability, civil society and third sector, knowledge dynamics, and informatics innovations for development. Using foresight, developed approaches (among others, evolutionary scenarios) to help identify trends and key factors for development planning. Actively teaching and supervising undergraduate, masters and PhD students; have been working in more than 25 externally-funded research projects between 2004-2014 in the UK, EU, and Indonesia; building publication record in highly ranked interdisciplinary journals cutting across the themes of business, management, development, and social sciences. He is also regularly engaged with HEIs, business, public sector organisations, and third sector/civil society organisations in the UK, EU and Southeast Asia. From 1 October 2014, upon successful completion of his secondment at UKP-PPP/UKP4, decided to fully relocate back to Indonesia, leaving his fulltime academic career and transferring it into Honorary Research Fellow with the Manchester Institute of Innovation Research at Manchester Business School. As a senior official with the President’s Office under President Yudhoyono, he is responsible for preparing Indonesia’s development planning policy and the Post-2015 Global Development Agenda. In this post, he initiated a countrywide foresight exercise to provide the country with an alternative development planning and co-facilitated scenarios for the energy sector in Indonesia 2030. The international role included co-drafting the report of the United Nations’ High-Level Panel of Eminent Persons on the Post-2015 Development Agenda (HLPEP) co-chaired by the Indonesian and Liberian Presidents and UK Prime Minister, and was among Indonesian lead negotiators for the United Nations’ Open Working Group on the Post-2015 Sustainable Development Goals (OWG on SDGs), now known as Agenda 2030. In President Joko Widodo’s administration, responsible in translating the political vision of the president into actionable development plans at the ministerial and local government levels; analysing and overseeing national priority programmes, and carrying out analysis for strategic issues on social, cultural, and ecological affairs. He is also tasked to ensure the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals, Open Government Partnership and Open Government Indonesia, as well as the country’s implementation of National Determined Contribution in tackling climate change.

Proceedings of The 7th Annual International Conference (AIC) Syiah Kuala University and The 6th International Conference on Multidisciplinary Research (ICMR) in conjunction with the International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Informatics (ICELTICs) 2017, October 18-20, 2017, Banda Aceh, Indonesia

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Written Code Mixing of Bahasa Indonesia–English in a Magazine

*Zulfadli A. Aziz, Diana Achmad and Maizura

Department of English Education, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; *Corresponding author: [email protected]

Abstract

The use of Bahasa Indonesia in the mass media such as magazines has been mostly influenced by English due to the use of the language as one of the main foreign language in Indonesia. Mass media have played crucial roles in promoting the foreign vocabulary by code mixing to make the writing become more prestigious and cool. The aim of this study is to find out the dominant type of code mixing used in the Aplaus magazine among three types of code mixing based on Musyken’s (2000) theory: insertion, alternation, and congruent lexicalization. The data of 47 code mixing were taken from Aplaus magazine in four editions from April to July 2016 on the Journey Section. In collecting the data, the researchers noted the occurrence of English code mixing in one of the sections in the magazine. Then, the data obtained were classified and tabulated. The results of this research show that not all of three types of code mixing by Musyken (2000) were applicable in the Aplaus magazine on the Journey section, there are found 36 instances or about 76.6 % for insertion, 11 instances or about 23.4 % for alternation, and no case of congruent lexicalization. So the dominant type of code mixing used in the Aplaus magazine was insertion. Keywords: Code mixing, magazine, types of code mixing, Bahasa Indonesia – English.

Introduction Indonesian people are typically bilingual or multilingual because they can master more than one language or even more. However, they are united by a national language, Bahasa Indonesia. It has been always difficult to find the purity of Bahasa Indonesia due to the mix of code in the language either from local language or foreign language which leads to the occurrence of code mixing phenomenon. Hamers and Blanc (2000, p. 41) define code mixing as the use of elements of one language in another language. Code mixing occurs not only in oral form, but also often in the form of writing such as in magazine, newspaper, etc. Information is one of the most important needs in the globalization era. Moreover, people are demanding the actual, up-to-date and factual information. One form of the written media widely read by people to obtain information is the magazine. In writing a magazine article, an author is required to use attractive words in order to encourage people to read. The author of a magazine article seems to use English intentionally as the way to be attractive because people may think the language is prestigious. Nevertheless, English is not used throughout; rather the author mixes it with the main language of the magazine. One of such magazine is Aplaus, the object

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of this study. Bahasa Indonesia is used as its main language, however, some words from English can also be found in articles published in the magazine. Aplaus magazine, a Medan-based monthly publication carries the theme about food, travel, and inspiration. This magazine is the pioneer of a local magazine that specializes in the discussion of the theme of lifestyle or urban lifestyle. This magazine uses Bahasa Indonesia as the main language. Published in 2005, it is initiated by Harian Analisa, the largest newspaper that has 65,000 copies in North Sumatra. Since the first publication; it has undergone several changes with the development of social dynamics and lifestyle of the Medan city. Based on the geographical aspects, the researcher assumes that Medan is dynamically more influenced by Singapore and Kuala Lumpur lifestyles than Jakarta, and its targeted audiences are teenagers. Initially, Aplaus magazine had become bi-weekly tabloid, weekly magazine, and now it has become a monthly magazine that contains approximately 80 pages. Furthermore, the main principle of the magazine is becoming a media that supports the development of Medan lifestyle by raising figures, topics, or activities that appropriate to get applauded. Thus, this magazine is named Aplaus magazine. In this study, the code mixing phenomena that occur in the Aplaus magazine are discussed. By reading the magazine, it is readily apparent that the authors use more English than other languages in code mixing. Sometimes they mix the language in the article with English to refer to some terms that can be found in Bahasa Indonesia. For instance, they use “guide” to refer to “pemandu.” This kind of code mixing phenomenon in the magazine attracted the researchers’ attention. The forms of code mixing found in the Aplaus magazine are classified by adopting the theory of Musyken (2000) as the framework of this research. He classified code mixing into insertion, alternation and congruent lexicalization. Literature Review Language Contact and Bilingualism In the era of globalization, mastering many languages is very important. Rohmani, et al. (2013, p. 2) state that in the globalization era, global community is obligated to maximize their potential especially in language acquisition. Therefore, most people in the world use more than one language in everyday life. Using more than one language is called bilingualism. Trudgill (2003, p. 24) defines bilingualism as ability of a person to speak two or more languages. People who use two languages are called bilinguals. Brown and Attardo (2000, p. 81) state that bilingual is a speaker who can speak two languages. There are some different arguments about a person who can be referred to as bilingual based on the proficiency in mastering the language from the definition of bilingualism. According to Yuwono (2007, p. 28), there are two types of bilinguals. First, the proficiency of mastering first language and second language are the same, and it is called balanced bilingual. The second type of bilingual is a person who could not master both languages well, for example, he/she has the proficiency of mastering first language more dominantly than the second one. It is also regarded as bilingual, that is, dominant bilingual. Strazny (2005, p. 140) says that the speakers who master one language dominantly over the other are also regarded as bilinguals. In addition, Grosjean (1982), as cited in Maftoon and Shakibafar (2011, p. 84), argues that it is a rare phenomenon to find a person who has the same proficiency in both languages. For him, a person who is considered as a real bilingual has proficiency in both languages well. Therefore, Baker (2006, p. 16) assumes that


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defining exactly who can actually be said to be bilingual is difficult to be understood. In short, from the above discussion, it can be concluded that any person who is able to understand two languages, regardless of the proficiency level, can be labeled as a bilingual. There are also people who can speak more than two languages, and it is called multilingualism. Aronin and Hufeisen (2009, p. 34) argue that multilingualism is a human ability in mastering a number of languages. Multilingualism usually occurs to a person who has knowledge of two or more foreign languages (Tokuhama, 2003, p. 2). The shift of one language to another by language users is a cause of the occurrence of language contact. As pointed out by Jendra (2001, p. 67), language contact means that the use of two or more different languages simultaneously or mixed one over the others for particular reason as well as no obvious reason. It can be interpreted that language contact and bilingualism are strongly associated. Thomason (2001, p. 198) adds that the result of language contact is bilingualism and mixed languages. Therefore, there will be language mix among the languages used when the language contact occurred such as code mixing, code switching, borrowing, and so on. In conclusion, language contact occurs because of the ability of people use the languages in the interaction. Code Mixing in Context Code mixing is a product of bilingualism which causes language contact. Indonesian people as bilingual or multilingual speakers will be faced with the problem to choose a specific code (can be a dialect or language) when they speak fitting to the situation, their needs, and they may also decide to switch from one code to another or mix code either in oral or written form. The activity of using two or more codes is called code mixing. Hamers and Blanc (2000, p. 41) say that code mixing is the use of elements of one language in another language. Code mixing is usually used in informal and relaxed situation. In formal situation, the speaker tends to mix it because there is no exact idiom in the target language, so it is necessary to use words or idioms from other languages. Bilingual situation may lead to the use of language in turn. This phenomenon is called as code mixing and code switching. It is sometimes confusing to determine the different meaning between code switching and code mixing. Either code mixing or code switching uses two or more languages or two variants of a language in a speech community. Code mixing is one of bilingualism products that often occur besides code switching. Chaer and Agustina (2010, p.114) states that code mixing and code switching are very thin difference. Meanwhile, Wardhaugh (2010, p. 101) states that code switching (also called code mixing) can occur in conversation between speakers’ turns or within a single speaker’s turn. So, he argues that there is no difference between both of them. According to Chaer and Agustina (2010, pp. 106 -108) code switching is defined as the event of language change or language diversity by speakers due to specific causes and done consciously. In addition, Brown and Attardo (2000, p. 84) underline that code switching can occur between different languages, dialect or styles within one sentence or adjacency pair. Aslinda and Syafyahya (2007, p. 85) define code switching as a transitional phenomenon of language usage that occurs due to the change of situation and occurs among diverse languages of one language. Code switching is switched essentially between sentences. Therefore, some experts agree on defining code switching as the alternating use of two or more languages in the


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same utterance or conversation (Milroy & Musyken, 1995; Myers-Scotton, 1993; Faldes-Vallis, 1978; Gardner-Chloros, 1997 in Armia, 2009). While the definition of code mixing, according to Ho (2007, p. 1), is the mixing of one language to another within the same utterance or in the same oral or written text. This opinion does not show a clear distinction between code mixing and code switching. In addition, Fasold (1984) cited in Chaer and Agustina (2010, p. 115) offers criteria for distinguishing grammatical code mixing and code switching. If someone uses a word or phrase from one language, he has been done code mixing. However, if the clause has one grammatical from one language, and the next clause drawn up according to the structure of other languages, the phenomenon that occur is code switching. In addition to code mixing and code switching, there is also borrowing. Previously, Sumarsono (2007, pp. 202-203) has explained above that the code mixing occurred in the form of words, phrases, and clauses. Then, he added that if there is in the word form, so the phenomenon is called borrowing. This opinion is clarified by Yendra (2016, p. 124) who says that borrowing is the process of word formation by taking vocabulary from other languages. This process is commonly referred to as adoption or uptake as pointed out by Hoffer (2002, p. 1) that borrowing is defined as a process of adopting words from one language into another. For example, the word ‘aplikasi’ is absorbed from English word ‘application’. Thus, there is changing of word formation from its original word when borrowing occurred while code mixing is not. Borrowing is occurred due to the need to name a new object that the vocabulary does not appear in the target language. However, Muysken (2010, p. 4) only uses the term code mixing to mention the phenomenon of language. According to him, code-mixing has a neutral meaning. He added that the term code switching is only suitable for use as a term to describe the type alternation of code mixing process. In this study, the researchers agree with Muysken to not distinguish the terms of code switching and code-mixing. Therefore, researchers use the term code-mixing to mention all the phenomena of language such as code mixing, code switching and other phenomena like borrowing. Types of Code Mixing Musyken (2000) explains that code mixing is typically divided into three main types; insertion, alternation and congruent lexicalization. Insertion is defined as the process of inserting elements such as lexical items or entire constituents from one language into a structure from the other languages. It occurs in many communities with colonial background and also new migrant communities. The element entered in this type is a constituent. This type is divided into two types; well-defined constituent which inserts single constituent and multiple contiguous insertion which inserts some constituents. Alternation is defined as the process in which speakers switch one language into another language in a piece of utterance. This type appears in one clause but still relatively separated. Alternation is divided into two; flagging and doubling. On flagging, Muysken (2000) states that this feature shows that there will be other language uttered by the speakers by giving flagging marker uttered by the speaker while doubling means the repetition of the same meaning in another language. It is done because the speakers feel need explaining again about what they mean but using a different language. Congruent lexicalization is a process when the two languages share grammatical structure which can be replaced lexically with elements from either language. Magazine According to Assegaf (1983) cited in Fatkhiyah (2012, p. 18), the magazine is a periodical publication which contains some articles from various authors. Muhtadi


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(1999) cited in Fatkhiyah (2012, p. 20) asserts that the functions of the magazine are to transmit information, educate, entertain, and influence the readers. The Aplaus magazine as the data source for this research is an example of monthly magazine focused on the themes of food, travel and inspiration. Research Method The method applied in this research was descriptive qualitative approach supported by simple statistic calculation (percentage) because the researcher described the types of Bahasa Indonesia – English code mixing form in Aplaus magazine based on Musyken’s (2000) theory and looked for the most dominant type by comparing the highest percentages of each type. The data of this research were Bahasa Indonesia – English code mixing that were found in the Aplaus magazine on the Journey section. The data were obtained from several editions in some publications of the Aplaus magazine from April 2016–August 2016 by using purposive sample technique. This technique means that the data were taken intentionally. After the data were obtained, the writers inserted them into the data card continued by classification them in the classification table (Sudaryanto, 1993, p. 153) based on the time of publication to simplify the identification or the description of data on the problems that would be investigated. After the data were noted and inserted in the data card, the number of data was given. The number of data consists of two main things; time of publication and the page number of magazine. The time of publication was written firstly followed by the page number of magazine. For instance, (Apr, 12), it meant that the data was published on April and on page 12. Results and Discussion After the data were obtained, they were entered into the classification table. In this table, the data were analyzed and classified based on Musyken’s (2000) theory which divides code mixing into three types. The data were initialized by a, b, and c in which a presents to insertion, b presents to alternation, and c presents to congruent lexicalization. After that, the total of frequency of each type was calculated into percentage by using Sudijono’s (2006, p. 43) formula as shown in the table below.

Table 1. Frequency and percentage of code mixing used in Aplaus magazine. Type Frequency Percentage a 36 76.5 % b 11 23.4 % c - - Total 47 100%

The table above shows that 36 out of 47 data (76.5 %) is insertion, 11 out of 47 data (23.4) is alternation and no data for congruent lexicalization. The headings and subheadings in the article were not included. As the result, it was obtained that insertion was the dominant type used by the author in Aplaus magazine on Journey section. The result reveals that there were some languages inserted in Bahasa Indonesia sentences in which English elements were inserted more than others such as Tagalog or other local languages. The code mixing between Bahasa Indonesia and English is called as outer code mixing. This is relevant with Sujana and Hartati’s (2009, p. 11) statements that outer code mixing is the code mixing between Bahasa Indonesia and foreign language (English). In this study, the researcher more


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focused to analyze the code mixing phenomena in the Aplaus magazine between Bahasa Indonesia and English. Insertion Category Based on the analysis of the four editions from April 2016 to July 2016 on the Journey Section in Aplaus magazine, it was found that from 47 code mixing, there are 36 data (76.5%) of them categorized as insertion. It means that insertion is the most dominant type of code mixing found in the Aplaus magazine. The insertion category of code mixing is divided into two: well-defined constituent insertion and multiple contiguous insertion. From the data obtained, there are 32 data as well-defined constituent insertion while multiple contiguous insertion is only 4 data.

Saya bergegas menuju pintu keluar untuk mencari taksi karena shuttle bus ke pusat kota sudah tidak lagi beroprasi malam itu. ‘I rushed to the exit for a taxi as the shuttle bus to the city center was no longer operating that night’ Dengan senyum hangatnya, Sri Wahyuni selaku sang pemilik cottage keluar untuk menyambut kedatangan Aplaus. 'With a warm smile, Sri Wahyuni, the owner of the cottage came out to welcome the arrival of Aplaus’

Sentences (1) and (2) above are categorized as well-defined constituent insertion because there are one English phrase and one word inserted in the Bahasa Indonesia sentence. In the example (1), the phrase ‘shuttle bus’ is an English noun phrase inserted into the sentence. Meanwhile, in the example (2), the English word ‘cottage’ is a noun. Authors of articles published in Aplaus code mix for a number of reasons. For example, in the sentence (3), the English word ‘backpacker’ does not have equivalent word in Bahasa Indonesia, but the word is quite familiar and understandable for Indonesian speakers. Meanwhile, the English word ‘bar’ in the example (4) has equivalent word in Bahasa Indonesia but the word ‘bar’ is considered more concise and practical or more prestigious than the use of the equivalent word ‘rumah minum’ in Bahasa Indonesia.

Tentu jumlah ini terbilang masih relatif terjangkau untuk backpacker. ‘Of course this amount is still relatively affordable for backpacker’ Anda tetap bisa menelusuri bar dan restoran lokal karena banyak yang ditawarkan. ‘You still can explore the local bars and restaurants because there are a lot that is offered’

From 20 data of insertion in the form of word, one of them has morphological processes as shown in the example (5) below. In the example, there is an English word ‘background’ gets Bahasa Indonesia suffix –nya so that it become ‘background-nya’.

Sebagai background-nya ada bangunan pencakar langit di utara dan Laguna de Bay di sisi selatan. ‘As its background there are skyscrapers in the north and Laguna de Bay in the south side’

In insertion data, from 36 data only two of them are adjective words. The examples are as follows.


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Aplaus diajak menumpangi Cessana Grand Caravan untuk merasakan pengalaman seru mengudara dengan pesawat turboprop kebanggaan Susi Air itu. ‘Aplaus invited to ride the Cessana Grand Caravan to feel the exciting experience flying with the pride turboprop of Susi Air’ Teh susu manis berbumbu Masala dan beraroma spicy. ‘The sweet milk has Masala seasoning and spicy flavor’

In the example (6) and (7) above, the English adjective words ‘turboprop’ and ‘spicy’ are inserted in the sentences. Then, among 16 phrases it is found 2 verbal phrases. Both of them are ‘check-in’, as can be seen below.

Hal pertama yang ingin segera dilakukan usai check-in tentu saja adalah melihat langsung keindahan pantai terdekat. ‘The first thing to be done immediately after check-in of course is to see the beauty of the nearest beach directly’ Usai check-in eksplorasi Aplaus yang sesungguhnya pun dimulai. ‘After check-in, the real exploration of Aplaus was begun’

The English phrase ‘check-in’ in (8) and (9) appears from the mix of two words ‘check’ and ‘in’ that means register or ‘mendaftar’ in Bahasa Indonesia. This phrase is often used at the hotel and the airport. Although the phrase has equivalent in Bahasa Indonesia but the use of ‘check in’ is more familiar. Thus, Bahasa Indonesia speakers tend to use it since it is more prestigious than ‘mendaftar’. Furthermore, an abbreviation that gives further explanation is also included as well-defined constituent insertion as the example below:

Kenya juga memiliki gedung-gedung yang tinggi menjulang di daerah CBD (Central Business District). ‘Kenya also has towering high buildings in the CBD (Central Business District) area’

In the example (10) above, the inserted form is CBD, which is an abbreviation of the phrase ‘Central Business District’. The four examples below are categorized as multiple contiguous insertion. In the example (11) and (12), there are two English words inserted in one sentence. In the example (13), the sentence gets two English phrases ‘standard room’ and ‘super deluxe’ which describes the type of rooms in a hotel. Inserting one phrase and word are also included as this feature. In the example (14), the phrase ‘scuba diving’ and the word ‘diving’ are two constituents inserted in the sentence.

Karena menyuguhkan panorama sunrise dan sunset terbaik di pulau ini. ‘Because it presents the best panoramic sunrise and sunset on the island’ Bagi pengunjung yang hendak melakukan snorkeling, peralatannya telah tersedia untuk disewakan, sementara peminat olahraga diving dapat menghubungi pengelola penginapan. ‘For visitors who want to go snorkeling, the equipment has been available for rent, while people who are interested in diving can call the cottage manager’ 400 ribu rupiah untuk standard room hingga yang super deluxe senilai 800 ribu rupiah per malam.


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‘400 thousand rupiah for standard room to the super deluxe as much as 800 thousand rupiah per night’ Anda bahkan bisa belajar scuba diving di bawah bimbingan salah satu dari tiga klub diving berpengalaman di desa ini. ‘You can even learn scuba diving under the guidance of one of the three experienced diving clubs in this village’

Alternation Category Alternation is found to be the second most frequently used code mixing type in the magazine. The finding showed that there were 11 data (23.4 %) categorized as alternation. Alternation is also divided into two, flagging and doubling. Flagging means that there will be other language uttered by the speakers. In this feature, there is always flagging marker uttered by the speaker. There are two examples of data which are categorized as flagging alternation because there are flagging marker ‘seperti’ (15) and ‘misalnya’ (16). The two models of alternation inserted an English word to refer to some other words in Bahasa Indonesia such as the English word ‘artisan’ refers to the words in front of it, ‘kerajinan tangan, aksesori, dan pakaian’. In the example (16) the sentence is inserted the English word ‘snorkeling’ that aimed to explain the example of ‘olah raga air’ (water sports). Therefore, by reading the words entirely in the sentence the reader could know the meaning of the word ‘snorkeling’.

Lagazpi adalah pasar dengan stan-stan yang sebagian besar menjual produk artisan seperti kerajinan tangan, aksesori, dan pakaian. ‘Legazpi is a market with booths that mostly sell artisan products such as crafts, accessories, and clothing’ Daerah pesisir Mombasa yang berbatasan langsung dengan Samudera Hindia adalah tempat untuk beragam olahraga air, snorkeling misalnya. ‘The coastal area of Mombasa that borders directly with the Indian Ocean is a place for a variety of water sports, snorkeling for example’

The same word in different edition as alternation is also found such as the following two code mixing phenomena below.

Selain cottage milik Sri Wahyuni, ada juga dua penginapan sederhana lainnya. ‘In addition to Sri Wahyuni's cottage, there are also two other simple cottages’ Dengan konsep cottage yang diusungnya, inilah penginapan yang nyaman. ‘With the concept of cottage taken, this is a comfortable cottage’

From the two examples above, the English word ‘cottage’ is inserted into each sentence. The word is re-explained in another language. In the example (17), the English word ‘cottage’ is re-explained by using Bahasa Indonesia ‘ada juga dua penginapan sederhana lainnya’. Similarly, the example (18), the English word ‘cottage’ is also mentioned in the sentence front of it ‘inilah penginapan yang sama’. The authors of the article did it because they feel that they need to explain again about what they mean but using the English term. Alternation is mostly found in Aplaus July edition. Below are three-sixths of them.

Kota ini juga menyajikan daging hewan liar hasil buruan (lazimnya disebut game meats). ‘The city also serves the hunted wild animal meat (usually called game meats)’


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Saya masih berharap untuk melihat The Big Five dalam perjalanan saya di Kenya, yaitu singa, macan tutul, gajah, kerbau Afrika, dan badak hitam. ‘I still hope to see The Big Five on my way in Kenya, the lion, the leopard, the elephant, the African buffalo, and the black rhinoceros’ Danau Nakuru mendapat julukan pink lake ‘Lake Nakuru gets the cognamen as pink lake’

From all data in the three sentences above, the inserted English words and phrases are a cognomen of Bahasa Indonesia words. The phenomena are also included as Flagging alternation. The cognomens in phrase form are inserted in the examples (19) ‘game meats’ for ‘daging hewan liar hasil buruan’; (20) ‘The Big Five’ for five animals that have big body as mentioned in the sentence, they are ‘singa, macan tutul, gajah, kerbau Afrika, dan badak hitam’. Then, the example in (21) the phrase ‘pink lake’ is for Danau Nakuru. As mentioned before, there is also 2 data of alternation in the form of clause beside in the form of word and phrase as the examples below.

Bahkan bisa berciuman dengan si jerapah sembari memberinya makan....and yeah, I did it! ‘Even you can kiss the giraffe while feeding him...and yeah, I did it!’ Apabila Anda seorang pecinta wildlife dan menabalkan diri sebagai seorang petualang sejati, Kenya is truly a place to die for. ‘If you are a wildlife lover and recognize yourself as a true adventurer, Kenya is truly a place to die for’

In two examples above, there are clauses inserted in the sentences. In the example (22), it is categorized as doubling alternation because the clause ‘yeah, I did it’ that means what the subject (I) did is re-explained by ‘berciuman dengan jerapah sembari memberinya makan’. Thus, what the subject (I) did is kissing the giraffe while feeding it. For the example (23), the clause ‘Kenya is truly a place to die for’ is a statement addressed to the words ‘seorang pecinta wildlife dan menabalkan diri sebagai seorang petualang sejati’. Therefore, this phenomenon is categorized as flagging alternation. The third type code mixing, congruent lexicalization category was not obtained in this study. The findings of research reveal that the Aplaus magazine uses English to act as lingua franca to make the writing become more interesting and modern by doing code mixing. Initially, based on three types of Musyken (2000), insertion is the most dominant type used in the Aplaus magazine, followed by the use of alternation. However, there is no use of congruent lexicalization in the magazine because this type needs grammatical adjustment in so the authors require higher language proficiency. Conclusion Having conducted the study, it was found that only two types of code mixing by Musyken (2000) were applicable in Aplaus magazine on Journey section article in which insertion 36 data (76.6 %) was the most dominant type among all the types, followed by alternation 11 data (23.4 %), but no data for congruent lexicalization used by the author of Journey section article in Aplaus magazine.


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#92 Ling2 Z.A. Aziz, D.Achmad & Maizura (10 hal)