9 th Grade Unit One. This unit enables students to confirm and hone common understanding of important literary elements, as well as a shared vocabulary

LITERARY ELEMENTS AND

THE SHORT STORY

9th Grade Unit One

UNIT OVERVIEW This unit enables students to confirm

and hone common understanding of important literary elements, as well as a shared vocabulary for discussing them. Each story will focus on particular elements, such as point of view or symbolism.

OBJECTIVES PART 1 Identify and explain plot structure in

short stories. Understand and explain why plots in

short stories usually focus on a single event.

Analyze how authors create the setting in a short story.

Define the concept of theme and identify the theme(s) in stories read.

Identify and explain characterization techniques in short stories.

OBJECTIVES PART 2 Identify and explain the use of figurative

language in short stories. Analyze how authors create tone in short stories. Identify point of view (POV) in a short story and

analyze how POV affects the reader’s interpretation of the story.

Write a coherent literary analysis with a clear thesis statement, at least 3 pieces of evidence from texts and a strong introduction and conclusion.

Define and refine research questions; cite sources accurately, distinguishing between paraphrasing and quoting.

LITERARY TEXTS FOR UNIT 1 “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard

Connell pg. 17 in the Holt Textbook “Thank You Ma’am” by Langston Hughes

pg. 108 in the Holt Textbook “The Scarlet Ibis” by James Hurst pg.

415 in the Holt Textbook “The Cask of Amontillado” by Edgar

Allen Poe pg. 211 in the Holt Textbook “The Gift of the Magi” by O. Henry pg.

348 in the Holt Textbook

LITERARY TERMS TO DEFINE AND LEARN Purpose/Objective: Define literary

terminology for unit 1.

Lesson: Write down the following literary terminology for unit one and define the terms using the “Handbook of Literary Terms” on starting on pg. 1133 in the Holt textbook.

UNIT 1 LITERARY TERMS1. Character2. Characterization3. Figurative language/figures of speech4. Irony (General definition and 3 types of Irony)

1. Dramatic, situational and verbal

5. Narrator6. Plot7. Point of view (POV)8. Imagery/ Sensory imagery9. Setting10. Style11. Symbol/symbolism12. Theme13. Tone14. Foreshadowing

DAY 1 Unit 1 pretest Purpose/Objective: To discover what

students already know and don’t know coming into the unit.

DAY 2 Finish pretest if it is not completed. Define Literary terms for Unit 11. Character2. Characterization3. Figurative language4. Irony5. Narrator6. Plot7. Point of view (POV)8. Imagery (Sensory imagery)9. Setting10. Style11. Symbol (symbolism)12. Theme13. Tone14. Foreshadowing

DAY 3 WARM UP: MATCH THE CORRECT DEFINITION ON THE RIGHT TO THE WORD ON THE LEFT. WRITE OUT EACH WORD AND ANSWER.

1. Character

2. Characterization

3. Figurative language

4. Point of view (POV)

5. Irony

6. Narrator

7. Plot

a. The voice telling the storyb. The process of revealing the

personality of a characterc. Contrast between expectation

and reality and/or what is said and what is really meant

d. Series of related events that make up a story or drama

e. Person in poem, story or playf. Figures of speech that describes

one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be taken literally

g. Vantage point from which a writer tells a story

DAY 3 Purpose/Objective: To introduce key

literary terms which will be the focus of the short story “The Most Dangerous Game” by Richard Connell

Terms to define, identify and explain:Plot: diagramSetting : 5 aspects of setting Conflict : PNUTSForeshadowing

DAY 3

Plot ElementsExpositionRising actionClimax (turning point)Falling actionResolution

Remember: Every Rodent Chooses Free Range

DAY 3 Plot Diagram

DAY 3 The 5 Aspects of Setting1. Place - geographical location. Where is the action

of the story taking place? 2. Time - When is the story taking place? (historical

period, time of day, year, etc) 3. Weather conditions - Is it rainy, sunny, stormy,

etc? 4. Social conditions - What is the daily life of the

characters like? Does the story contain local colour (writing that focuses on the speech, dress, mannerisms, customs, etc. of a particular place)?

5. Mood or atmosphere - What feeling is created at the beginning of the story? Is it bright and cheerful or dark and frightening?

DAY 3 Internal Conflict External Conflict: Person vs

Person (Taken, Taken 2)Nature (The Grey, Perfect Storm)Unknown (Signs, The Abyss)Technology (I, Robot, Terminater)Society (V for Vendetta)

Remember: PNUTS

DAY 4 WARM UP: MATCH THE CORRECT DEFINITION ON THE RIGHT TO THE WORD ON THE LEFT.

1. Imagery (sensory imagery)

2. Setting

3. Style

4. Symbol (symbolism)

5. Theme

6. Tone

7. Foreshadowing

a. Attitude a writer takes toward a subject, a character, or the audience

b. Time and place of a story or playc. Language that appeals to the 5

senses: sight, sound smell, touch, and taste

d. The use of clues to hint at events that will occur later in a plot.

e. Person, place, thing or event that stands for itself and for something beyond itself as well.

f. Central or main idea of a work of literature

g. The particular way in which a writer uses language such as diction and figurative language

DAY 4: THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME

Objectives: 1. Identify and explain plot structure

(complete a plot diagram) in the short story.

2. Analyze how the author creates the setting in the short story.

3. Identify the author’s use of foreshadowing.

4. Identify and explain the type of conflict(s) in the short story.

DAY 4: THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME Turn to pg 16 in the textbook and get out

a piece of paper to write your answers to questions that will be asked as you read the story.

Review the Literary Focus and the Reading Skills for the short story “The Most Dangerous Game”.

Foreshadowing: The use of clues to hint at events that will occur later in a plot.

Follow along in your book as the story is read and be prepared to answer questions based on the reading.

DAY 4: THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME1. Based on the title of the story, what do you think it

is going to be about? (pg. 17)2. What is the name of the island they are passing?

What might this foreshadow? (pg. 17)3. What is the setting of the stories opening? How do

you know? (pg. 17-18)4. How does Rainsford feel about hunting animals?

How does Whitney feel about hunting animals? How do you feel about hunting animals?

5. Based on the conversation between Whitney and Rainsford regarding the island, what possible roles could the island play in the story? (pg. 18)

6. What do you predict is going to happen after Rainsford hears the three shots in the dark? (top of pg. 19)

DAY 4: THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME7. What might the “Blood-warm” water

foreshadow?8. What do we learn about Rainsford from his

actions in the water? (pg. 19)9. To what earlier part of the story does the

passage “Rainsford heard… a high screaming sound… of anguish and terror.” allude? (pg 19)

10. How has the setting changed? Describe the new setting at the end of pg 19.

11. What do you predict is going to happen next in this story? What aspects of the setting, character, plot and foreshadowing contribute to your prediction? (pg 19)

DAY 5: WARM UP1. Draw and fill in the 6 parts of a plot

diagram.2. What are the 5 aspects of setting?

DAY 5: REVIEW OF Q’S1. Your own answer2. Ship-Trap Island: They will crash on the island.3. Night time on a ship4. Rainsford hunts and thinks animals don’t feel

anything. Whitney thinks they feel fear of pain and death.

5. The island will be a hostile setting in the story.6. Your answer7. It foreshadows violence8. He’s cool in emergencies, doesn’t give up9. He hears an animal in anguish: deep fear/pain10. On an island with think jungle vegetation11. Your prediction about what is next in the story.

DAY 5: THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME

Objectives: 1. Identify and explain plot structure





DAY 5: THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME PG. 20-25

12. After Rainsford examines the bullet cartridge, he speaks to himself about the scene before him. What questions do you have about the scene? Why do you think the author doesn’t answer these questions? (pg 20)

13. How is the sea personified (fig. language giving something non-human human characteristics)? (pg. 20)

14. What type of conflict occurs after Rainsford knocks on the chateau door? How does it heighten the suspense?

15. Write your conclusions about the character of General Zaroff based on the narrator’s description, the dialogue and Zaroff’s actions. (pg 21)

16. Answer the yellow box question on pg 21. What does Zaroff’s description of Cossacks contribute to your prediction? (pg 21)

17. On pg 22, Rainsford is uncomfortable with the way the general is judging him. What does the general’s inspection hint at? (pg 22)

18. Answer the yellow box question on pg. 22


19. Do you think General Zaroff is a civilized man? Give specific examples from the story that show he civilized and/or uncivilized.

20. Do you agree with Zaroff’s assessment that jaguars (or other animals) are not cunning because they can’t outwit a hunter with a rifle? Explain why or why not. (pg. 24)

21. What are the ideal characteristics for Zaroff’s new animal to hunt? What mammal in the world has all these characteristics? (pg 24)

22. What is Zaroff’s new quarry for hunting? How does he attempt to justify it to Rainsford? (pg 25)

23. Looking back at the story, what are the hints the author uses to foreshadow this development? (pg. 25)

1. Character

2. Characterization


4. Foreshadowing


6. Irony

7. Narrator

8. Plot


10. Setting

11. Style


13. Theme

14. Tone

a. Attitude a writer takes toward a subject, a character, or the audience

b. Time and place of a story or play

c. Language that appeals to the 5 senses: sight, sound smell, touch, and taste

d. The use of clues to hint at events that will occur later in a plot.

e. Person, place, thing or event that stands for itself and for something beyond itself as well.

f. Central or main idea of a work of literature


h. The voice telling the story

i. The process of revealing the personality of a character

j. Contrast between expectation and reality and/or what is said and what is really meant

k. Series of related events that make up a story or drama

l. Person in poem, story or play

m. Figures of speech that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be taken literally

n. Vantage point from which a writer tells a story

WARM UP DAY 6

DAY 6: REVIEW OF DAY 5 Q’S12. Your questions: author doesn’t answer for suspense.13. “… where the sea licked greedy lips in the shadows.”14. Person vs Person; your answer15. Your answer: (elegant, refined, rich, polite, handsome, etc.)16. Your answer; something savage/dangerous17. Your answer (looking for R’s reaction?)18. Your answer (new breed, animal thought to be extinct,

created animal)19. Civilized: library, dress, mansion etc. Uncivilized: killed

sparrows, calls himself a savage20. Your answer21. Traits: courage, cunning and the ability to reason. Only

animal with all 3 characteristics is human.22. Humans; compares it to war where men kill men23. Island’s name, discussion about hunter vs prey, blood-warm

water, anguish scream, shell casing and hunting scene.

DAY 6: THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME Objectives: 1. Identify and explain plot structure






24. Answer the yellow box question #4 on pg. 26.

25. How does Zaroff find men to hunt? (pg. 26)26. What are the rules of Zaroff’s “game”? (pg.

28)27. In what ways is this “game” an unequal

contest? (pg. 28)28. What kind of heads do you suppose are in

the general’s new collection? Why do you think Rainsford is not feeling well? (pg. 28)

29. Rainsford is locked in his room high up in a tower. What future event do these circumstances hint at? (pg 29)

ANOTHER PRACTICE QUIZ1. Character

2. Characterization


4. Foreshadowing


6. Irony

7. Narrator

8. Plot


10. Setting

11. Style


13. Theme

14. Tone

a. Person, place, thing or event that stands for itself and for something beyond itself as well.

b. Central or main idea of a work of literature

c. The voice telling the story

d. Attitude a writer takes toward a subject, a character, or the audience

e. Language that appeals to the 5 senses: sight, sound smell, touch, and taste

f. The use of clues to hint at events that will occur later in a plot.


h. The process of revealing the personality of a character

i. Contrast between expectation and reality and/or what is said and what is really meant

j. Series of related events that make up a story or drama

k. Person in poem, story or play

l. Figures of speech that describes one thing in terms of another and is not meant to be taken literally

m. Vantage point from which a writer tells a story

n. Time and place of a story or play

DAY 6: THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME PG.

26-30


31. The game between Zaroff and Rainsford is what type of conflict? (pg. 29)

32. What hints did the writer provide earlier that Zaroff would force Rainsford into this contest? (pg. 29)

33. What does Rainsford’s response to Zaroff’s demand for silence tell you about Rainsford’s character? (pg. 30)


DAY 7: WARM UP1. How do the 5 aspects of setting effect

a story?2. What is the other major form of conflict

besides external conflict?3. What are the 5 types of external

conflict?

DAY 7: DAY 6 Q REVIEW25. Tricks ships into wrecking and uses survivors for

prey.26. They get food, water, hunting knife and a 3 hour

start. If they survive 3 days, they are free to go.27. Gun vs knife, Zaroff knows island, he has hunting

dogs, prey sailors not hunters.28. Human, doesn’t like the idea of seeing human heads

as trophies.29. He is a prisoner and will be forced to hunt with him..30. Rainsford31. Person vs Person32. How Zaroff looked at him, no human compassion33. Proud man who won’t agree to something wrong just

to save himself.34. Your prediction.

DAY 7: THE MOST DANGEROUS GAME Objectives: 1. Identify and explain plot structure






35. Answer yellow box question #7 on pg. 34.36. Based on the last 3 paragraphs of the story, what effect

does the “game” seem to have had on Rainsford?37. Who won the game? How do you know? End of story Questions on pg. 36:#1. Do this as a Plot Diagram NOT as a chart. (between 5-8

main events)#3. Using you earlier answers, answer all three bullets about

foreshadowing in the story.2 Additional questions: Give a general setting for the story (when and where).

What are the clues that help us figure out the setting? What are the types of conflict in this story? Explain them. There will be a comprehension quiz based on the story

tomorrow. We will correct the quiz in class and review the answers for the in-story questions as well.

DAY 7: ANSWERS TO Q’S35. Your answer: (game over and Zaroff won/game not over

Rainsford somehow survived)36. Possible responses: he became a beast at boy or it brought

out his killer instinct.37. Rainsford, he is the one sleeping in the bed.Q# 1. Discuss as a classQ# 3.

Island name, Whitney’s dread, 3 gunshots in the dark Rainsford talks about hunters and huntees, or prey, says animals

don’t feel fear or pain regarding death. Z’s red lips and pointed teeth.

Additional Q 1: Ship near South America (description), Tropical Island (descriptions) Between WWI and WW2 (Z talks about WWI But not WW2), takes place over 4 days.

Additional Q 2: Person vs Person: R vs Z and Ivan. Person vs Nature: R vs ocean and elements on island. Person vs Society: Z vs societal taboos against hunting/killing people.

DAY 8 Quiz for comprehension of “The Most

Dangerous Game” and literary terms for the unit.

Documents

9 th Grade Unit One. This unit enables students to confirm and hone common understanding of important literary elements, as well as a shared vocabulary