Upload
juniper-rogers
View
218
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
9th Grade Health
First Aid
Thinking Questions• Why do you think you or someone else might hesitate to help the
victim?
• What are some consequences of helping the victim? (positive and negative)
• What are some consequences of not helping the victim (positive and negative)
Imagine you are outside your house getting the mail, and a man you do not
know collapses to the ground while taking his dog for a walk.
First Aid
Good Samaritan Law
• Do you think the Good Samaritan Law is a good thing or not? Why?
What is the Good Samaritan Law?A law protecting those who help the injured or ill from liability.
What is First Aid?The immediate care given to someone who becomes injured or ill until regular medical care can be provided.
What is Consent?Permission given by a victim to someone willing to provide treatment. If the victim cannot respond, there is implied consent.
What does Conscious mean?It is when a person is aware of his or her surroundings.
What does Unconscious mean?It is when a person is unable to respond.
Words to Know…
1. Check for Danger2. Check for Response3. Call 9114. Provide Care
The 4c’s of First Aid
REMEMBERCHECKCHECKCALLCARE
First Aid Kit
What are some things that would be important to include in a First Aid Kit?
Where are some convenient places to keep First Aid Kits?
Protecting Yourself
Gloves• Protect against blood born illnesses• Must be removed properly• Must be disposed of properly
Breathing Barriers• Have a 1 way valve• Not always available
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bzns6vTTp0Q
Pop QuizWhat are the 4 C’s of First Aid?
1. Check for Danger2. Check for Response3. Call 9114. Provide Care
LacerationA cut in the skin that is usually deep enough torequire stitches
AbrasionA scrape or brush burn
PunctureA hole in the skin caused by a sharp object
Wounds
What type of accidents causethese types of wounds?
WARNING!The following slides are extremely graphic!
NAME THAT WOUND
A large piece of glass is sticking out of your wrist
You sliced your finger open on a knife.
Your little brother slid down the stairs and has carpet burn on the back of his legs.
You have a long cut on your arm from the corner of a cabinet.
You fell off your bike and your elbow is bleeding from scraping the road.
Laceration
Abrasion
Puncture
TreatmentTreatment
Laceration
1. Clean the wound with soap and water, or peroxide.2. Use a clean cloth to apply pressure.3. Use an antibiotic cream to prevent infection4. Apply a sterile bandage Tightly.
Abrasion
1. Clean the wound with soap and water or Peroxide2. Use a clean cloth to apply Pressure3. Use an Antibiotic cream to prevent infection4. Apply a sterile bandage Loosely
Puncture
**If the wound is Deep or in a critical area, leave the foreign object in! Call 911 and Immobilize the object.**1. For minor punctures, completely remove foreign objects2. Use a clean cloth to apply pressure3. Use an antibiotic cream to prevent Infection4. Apply a sterile bandage
Treatment1. Sit down2. Tilt your head slightly Forward. (Leaning Back may cause blood to
flow down the back of the throat, which tastes bad and may cause gagging, coughing or vomiting.
3. Gently Pinch your nose. Use your thumb and Index finger and breathe through your Mouth. Continue for about 5-10 minutes.
To Prevent Rebleeding: Do not Bend Over or Blow Your Nose for several hours after bleeding stops.
Nosebleeds
SprainA stretch or tear of a ligament (connects bone to bone)
StrainA stretch or tear of a tendon(connects bone to muscle)
Soft Tissue Injuries
Simple FractureA broken bone that does not break through the skin
Compound FractureA broken bone that breaks through the tissue and skin
Fractures
WARNING!The following slides are extremely graphic!
NAME THAT INJURY
The RICE MethodR:RestI: IceC: CompressionE: Elevation
Treatment
Sprains and Strains1. Stop activity right away2. Use the RICE method for the
first 48 hours after the injury3. Use supportive devices when
returning to activity such as: Tape Braces Ankle Savers*Monitor the injury for problems
in the future
Treatment for Fractures 1. Call 9112. Stabilize the victim until
emergency care arrives3. If you must move the victim
because the situation Becomes Unsafe, immobilize the injury.
***Fractures Require Immediate Care
Burns
Burns: Defined
Type of Burn Definition
1st Degree: Only the Epidermis, or outer layer of skin, is burned. The skin usually Red and swells with pain.
2nd Degree: The Outer layer of skin is burned through and the 2nd layer (called the Dermis) becomes red and blotchy. If the burn is less than 2-3 inches in diameter, treat it as a Minor burn. If it is larger or on the hands, feet, face, groin or buttocks, treat as a Major burn.
3rd Degree: A major burn that involves all layers of the Skin, Tissue, Muscle or even Bone. Areas may be charred black or appear dry and white.
WARNING!Graphic Burn Pictures Ahead
Treatment for Minor Burns1. Cool the burn. Immediately hold the burn under Cool Water
until the pain subsides. Do not put Ice directly on the burn.2. Cover the burn by wrapping it Loosely with Sterile Bandages.3. Take OTC (Over The Counter) pain reliever.
Treatment for Major Burns4. Call 911 immediately!5. Provide care by removing any smoldering or hot materials
from the victim. 6. Do not immerse Major burns in Water.7. Check for response and Begin CPR if necessary.8. Wrap the burn with cool, moist, sterile bandages or moist
towels.
Burns: Treatment
Remember… The sun causes burns to skin and eyes too. Wear sunglasses, protective clothing and sunscreen to help prevent burns. Use Aloe to calm skin if you are burned. Overexposure to the sun can also cause Skin Cancer so protect yourself. Warm temperatures can also lead to heat illness.
Heal Illness SymptomsDehydration Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke
• Thirst• Dizziness
• Weight loss
• Feeling faint• Nausea
• Heavy sweating• Cool, moist skin
• Rapid heart beat• Rapid, shallow
breathing• No sweating• Confusion
• Unconsciousness• Fainting
Treatment…Treatment for Heat Exhaustion1.Call 911 if fainting, confusion, seizures, or a fever above 102˚F.2.Move the victim out of the Sun and into Shade or air conditioning.3.Lay the victim down and Elevate legs and feet slightly after
Loosening or removing their clothing if able.4.Have the victim drink Cool Water, not a sports drink. Never give food
or water to an unconscious victim!5.Monitor the person carefully.
Treatment for Heat Stroke6.Call 911 immediately!7.Move the victim out of the Sun and into Shade or air conditioning.8.Cool the person by covering them with damp Towels or spraying
them with Cool Water. Use a fan or newspaper to Give them air.
Animals can suffer from heat illness too! Give them plenty of water, a shady area to lay in and never leave them in a parked car.
Choking Vocab
Choking: When a foreign object becomes lodged in the throat or windpipe, stopping the flow of air.
Heimlich Maneuver: An emergency technique used to dislodge an object, such as food, from the trachea (windpipe) of a choking person.
What are some things that would be easy for a young child to choke on? How can we prevent
this type of emergency from happening?
Choking…
First Aid for Choking
First Aid for Choking1.Assess the Situation
• Is the victim able to speak?• Is the victim able to breathe?
2.Heimlich Maneuver3. Stand Behind the victim, wrap arms around
victim’s waist, and clasp your hands above victim’s navel but below ribcage.
4. Thrust Inward and Upward with enough force to pop loose the obstruction.
5. Repeat until obstruction is Removed or victim becomes Unconscious.
Stroke: What is it?
Stroke: When blood flow to the brain is interrupted because a blood vessel is blocked or breaks open.
Strokes can cause irreversible damage if not treated right away. You cannot provide this treatment, so it is critical that you recognize the symptoms and call 911 immediately. Label the following pictures with the acronym we use to remember the signs of a stroke.
Stroke…
Slurring
Face Arm Speech Time
Movie Time!
You will watch two short Youtube movies that explain how to respond to two different critical care emergencies. Use the blank space on the back of your first aid manual
to take notes on how to care for a victim in these situations. Notes can be taken in bulleted form and do
not have to be in complete sentences.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aroShSnkKUc
Hands Only CPRUSE WHEN AN ADULT SUDDENLY COLLAPSES
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgvnt8YA7r8
Allergic Reactions: Epi Pen Injection
USE ONLY IF AN EPI-PEN IS PRESCRIBED TO THIS VICTIM
Pop QuizWhat are the 4 C’s of First Aid?
1. Check for Danger2. Check for Response3. Call 9114. Provide Care