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9-2
Learning Outcomes
• Define a group and describe the stages of group development
• Describe the major concepts of group behavior
• Discuss how groups are turned into effective teams
• Discuss contemporary issues in managing teams
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education
9-3
What Is a Group?
• Group– Two or more
interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals
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9-5
What Are the Stages of Group Development?• Forming Stage– The first stage of group development in which
people join the group and then define the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership
• Storming Stage– The second stage of group development, which is
characterized by intragroup conflict
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education
9-6
Group Development Stages (cont.)
• Norming Stage– The third stage of group development, which is
characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness
• Performing Stage– The fourth stage of group development, when the
group is fully functional and works on the group task
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9-7
Group Development Stages (cont.)
• Adjourning Stage– The final stage of
group development for temporary groups, during which groups prepare to disband
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9-8
What Are the Major Concepts of Group Behavior?• Role– Behavior patterns expected of someone who
occupies a given position in a social unit
• Norms– Standards or expectations that are accepted and
shared by a group’s members
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9-9
What Is Status and Why Is It Important?• Status– A prestige grading,
position, or rank within a group
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Does Group Size Affect Behavior?
Large Groups – are good for gaining diverse input
Small Groups– Are typically faster at implementation
• Social Loafing– The tendency for individuals to expend less effort
when working collectively than when working individually
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9-11
Are Cohesive Groups More Effective?• Group Cohesiveness– The degree to which
group members are attracted to one another and share the group’s goals
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9-13
How Are Groups Turned into Effective Teams?• 80 percent of Fortune 500 use teams• Teams typically outperform individuals when the
tasks require multiple skills, judgment, and experience
• Work Teams– Groups whose members work intensely on
specific, common goals using their positive synergy, individual and mutual accountability, and complementary skills
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9-15
Types of Work Teams
• Problem-Solving Teams– A team from the same department or functional
area that’s involved in efforts to improve work activities or to solve specific problems
• Self-Managed Work Team– A type of work team that operates without a
manager and is responsible for a complete work process or segment
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9-16
Types of Teams (cont.)
• Cross-Functional Team– Teams made up of individuals from various
departments and that cross traditional departmental lines
• Virtual Team– A type of work team that uses technology to link
physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal
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WHAT FACTORS MAKE A TEAM EFFECTIVE?• Adequate Resources – the team’s ability is reduced without adequate resources
• Team Leadership and Structure– all members contribute in the work
• Trust– Team members must trust each
• Performance Evaluation and Reward System– Members have to be accountable both individually and
jointly
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9-20
Processes Related to Effectiveness
• Five team process variables have been shown to be related to team effectiveness. These include :– a common purpose– specific team goals– team efficacy– managed conflict– minimal social loafing
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Work Design and Team Effectiveness• These Important work design characteristics
enhance team member motivation and increase team effectiveness– Autonomy– Using a variety of skills– Completing a whole and identifiable task or
product
Copyright ©2011 Pearson Education