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8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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Appendix IX: Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration: Findings and Actions
A different test was designed to measure logical-mathematical reasoning skills and administered to students
from the College of Business Administration who take the Pre-Calculus (Quantitative MethodsMECU 3031)course. Faculty members who teach the course prepared the test. Findings revealed that 15.5% of the students
achieved the expected performance level of 15 correct test items (70%). Approximately 48% of the studentsachieved a performance level of 12 or more correct answers (57%).
Findings were discussed with faculty and with Department Chairperson. A revised version of the CBA-LMRTwas approved and administered as a Departmental final examination in all course sections allowing the use of
calculators as is permitted in classes1. Findings revealed that 72% of the students (out of a total of 145)
achieved a performance level of 15 correct answers or more (70% or more), thus achieving the expected
outcome proposed by the quantitative methods faculty. Although these findings significantly surpass previoussemester results, the CBA-LMRT will be administered again in May 2012 in order to compare results under
similar administration conditions (i.e, use of calculator permitted and as a final departmental exam).Faculty members who teach this course proposed the following transforming actions:
Exchange application type exercises among professors from different departments. Offer a Summer Immersion program in Quantitative Methods during the 2012 summer session geared
to recently admitted Business Administration freshmen students who obtained low scores in the
Mathematics Achievement section of the College Board College Entrance Examination.
Revise the course content in the Quantitative Methods courses: MECU 3001 (General Mathematics),MECU 3031 (Pre-Calculus), and MECU 3032 (Calculus).
Create a website geared to Quantitative Methods students to reinforce topics discussed in classes. Strengthen the Quantitative Methods tutoring program.
1 As discussed in assessment literature (Banta & Palomba, 1999; Suskie, 2009; Walvoord & Anderson, 2010), studentsperform better in course embedded assignments, especially when it counts towards their grade.
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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University of Puerto Rico
Rio Piedras Campus
Dean of Academic Affairs
Office of Evaluation of Student Learning
College of Business Administrations Logical Mathematical Reasoning Test (CBA -LMRT) Results - May 2011
ItemArea of
competence
Specific competency
(learning outcome)
Experts
Delta
Difficulty
Index
Equivalent
Delta
Discrimination
IndexComments
1 RepresentationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts11 0.707 11 0.53
Low difficulty, h
discrimination
2 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
15 0.177 17 0.31High difficulty, g
discrimination
3 Computation
Use quantitative competencies to
analyze and solve everyday situations
and mathematical related problems of
their field of study
12 0.655 11 0.44Medium difficu
high discriminat
4 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
16 0.433 14 0.60Medium difficu
high discriminat
5 Computation
Use quantitative competencies to
analyze and solve everyday situations
and mathematical related problems of
their field of study
13 0.624 12 0.44Medium difficu
high discriminat
6 Computation
Use quantitative competencies to
analyze and solve in everyday
situations and related to their field of
study
14 0.565 12 0.25Medium difficu
low discriminat
7 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
14 0.745 11 0.35Low difficulty, g
discrimination
8 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
14 0.648 12 0.40Medium difficu
high discriminat
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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ItemArea of
competence
Specific competency
(learning outcome)
Experts
Delta
Difficulty
Index
Equivalent
Delta
Discrimination
IndexComments
9 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
15 0.891 8 0.13
Very low difficu
very low
discrimination
10 Representation Develop and interpret graphs 8 0.687 11 0.16Low difficulty, v
low discriminat
11 Representation Interpret graphs 11 0.697 11 0.38Low difficulty, g
discrimination
12 RepresentationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts15 0.659 11 0.25
Low difficulty,
discrimination
13 RepresentationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts10 0.584 12 0.51
Medium difficu
high discriminat
14 Evaluation
Use quantitative competencies to
generate, understand, and analyze an
argument
18 0.268 16 0.35High difficulty, g
discrimination
15 RepresentationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts14 0.179 17 0.16
High difficulty, v
low discriminat
16 Computation Solving equations 9 0.50 13 0.51Medium difficu
high discriminat
17 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
14 0.648 12 0.35Medium difficu
good discrimina
18 Computation Operations with functions 10 0.642 12 0.47Medium difficu
high discriminat
19 Computation Solving equations 9 0.589 12 0.42Medium difficu
high discriminat
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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ItemArea of
competence
Specific competency
(learning outcome)
Experts
Delta
Difficulty
Index
Equivalent
Delta
Discrimination
IndexComments
20 ComputationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts10 0.377 14 0.42
Medium difficu
high discriminat
21 Computation
Use quantitative competencies to
analyze and solve everyday situations
and mathematical related problems of
their field of study
12 0.352 15 0.49Low difficulty, h
discrimination
Global test delta: 12.6Medium difficulty test Internal consistency index (reliabilityCronbachs alpha): 0.660
Global test difficulty index: 0.55
Item difficulty Item discrimination
College Boards
Delta indexDifficulty
Percentage of students
that answered correctly
Number of items
in the testIndex Discrimination
Number of item
the test
6 - 8 Very low 95 - 90 1 0.40 High 11
9 - 11 low 85 - 70 5 0.39 - 0.30 Good 5
12 - 14 Medium 60 - 40 10 0.29 - 0.20 Low - Can be revised 2 Check diffic
instructions
alternativ15 - 19 High 30 - 5 4 .19
Very low - Does not
discriminate3
Negative
Does not discriminate
and should be
eliminated
0
Notes:
The CBA-LMRT was administered from May 16 th to the 24th to 165 students out of a total of 228 enrolled in 10 sections of theQuantitative Methods (MECU 3031) course. A total of 72% of the students enrolled in MECU 3031 course sections participated in this
assessment.
The item difficulty appreciation by experts (delta) of the College Board was established prior to the administration of the CBA-LMRT.An equivalent delta index was calculated using item difficulty statistics to establish a degree of agreement between experts itemdifficulty appreciation and test results.
The item difficulty index indicates the proportion of students that answered each item correctly.
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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University of Puerto Rico
Rio Piedras Campus
Dean of Academic Affairs
Office of Evaluation of Student Learning
College of Business Administrations Logical Mathematical Reasoning Test (CBA -LMRT) ResultsDecember, 2011
ItemArea of
competence
Specific competency
(learning outcome)
Experts
Delta
Difficulty
Index
Equivalent
Delta
Discrimination
IndexComments
1 RepresentationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts11 0.89 8 0.22
Low difficulty,
discrimination
2 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
15 0.555 12 0.63Medium difficu
high discriminat
3 Computation
Use quantitative competencies to
analyze and solve everyday situations
and mathematical related problems of
their field of study
12 0.73 11 0.43Low difficulty, g
discrimination
4 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
16 0.77 10 0.53Low difficulty, h
discrimination
5 Computation
Use quantitative competencies to
analyze and solve everyday situations
and mathematical related problems of
their field of study
13 0.88 8 0.20Low difficulty,
discriminatio
6 Computation
Use quantitative competencies to
analyze and solve in everyday
situations and related to their field of
study
14 0.62 12 0.45Medium difficu
high discriminat
7 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
14 .918 7 0.02Low difficulty, v
low discriminat
8 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
14 0.79 10 0.24Low difficulty,
discrimination
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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ItemArea of
competence
Specific competency
(learning outcome)
Experts
Delta
Difficulty
Index
Equivalent
Delta
Discrimination
IndexComments
9 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
15 0.97 6 0.04Low difficulty, v
low discriminat
10 Representation Develop and interpret graphs 8 0.79 10 0.10Low difficulty, v
low discriminat
11 Representation Interpret graphs 11 0.74 11 0.33Low difficulty, g
discrimination
12 RepresentationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts15 0.79 10 0.12
Low difficulty, v
low discriminat
13 RepresentationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts10 0.81 10 0.31
Low difficulty, g
discrimination
14 Evaluation
Use quantitative competencies to
generate, understand, and analyze an
argument
18 0.57 12 0.18
Medium difficu
very low
discrimination
15 RepresentationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts14 0.21 16 0.00
High difficulty, v
low discriminat
16 Computation Solving equations 9 0.72 11 0.49Low difficulty, h
discrimination
17 Evaluation
Understand the relation between
quantitative information and its
different representations
14 0.84 9 0.18Low difficulty, v
low discriminat
18 Computation Operations with functions 10 0.67 11 0.27Low difficulty,
discriminatio
19 Computation Solving equations 9 0.801 10 0.22Low difficulty,
discrimination
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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ItemArea of
competence
Specific competency
(learning outcome)
Experts
Delta
Difficulty
Index
Equivalent
Delta
Discrimination
IndexComments
20 ComputationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts10 0.801 10 0.33
Low difficulty, g
discrimination
21 Computation
Use quantitative competencies to
analyze and solve everyday situations
and mathematical related problems of
their field of study
12 0.70 11 0.70Low difficulty, h
discrimination
22 RepresentationAnalyze and visualize geometric
concepts
7 0.54 13 0.54Medium difficu
good discrimina
Global test delta: 10.5Low difficulty test Internal consistency index (reliabilityCronbachs alpha): .660
Global test difficulty index: .284 Median score: 17
Item difficulty Item discrimination
College BoardsDelta index
DifficultyPercentage of students
that answered correctly
Number of items
in the testIndex Discrimination
Number of item
the test
6 - 8 Very Low 95 - 90 4 0.40 High 7
9 - 11 Low 85 - 70 14 0.39 - 0.30 Good 3
12 - 14 Medium 60 - 40 3 0.29 - 0.20 Low - Can be revised 5 Check difficu
instructions,
alternative15 - 19 High 30 - 5 1 0.19
Very lowDoes notdiscriminate
7
Negative
Does not discriminate
and should beeliminated
0
Notes:
The CBA-LMRT was administered as a final exam in December 11th, 2011 to 146 students out of a total of 260 enrolled in nine sectionsof the Quantitative Methods (MECU 3031) course. A total of 56% of the students enrolled in MECU 3031 course sections participated
in this assessment.
The item difficulty appreciation by experts (delta) of the College Board was established prior to the administration of the CBA-LMRT.An equivalent delta index was calculated using item difficulty statistics to establish a degree of agreement between exper ts item
difficulty appreciation and test results.
The item difficulty index indicates the proportion of students that answered each item correctly.
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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Descriptive Statistics of the College of Business Administrations Logical Mathematical Reasoning Test (CBA-LMRT)
Administration Results - May 2011
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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Descriptive Statistics of the College of Business Administrations Logical Mathematical Reasoning Test (CBA -LMRT)
Administration Results - December 2011
Statistics
Total
N Valid 146
Missing 0
Mean 16.11
Median 17.00
Mode 18
Std. Deviation 3.272
Skewness -.748
Std. Error of Skewness .201
Kurtosis -.031
Std. Error of Kurtosis .399
Minimum 6
Maximum 22
Sum 2352
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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Distribution of Students Total Score in the College of Business Administrations Logical Mathematical Reasoning Test (CBA-
LMRT) Administration Results - May 2011
Expected outcome: 70% of the students enrolled in MECU 3031 will obtain a score of 15 points or higher.
Findings: As presented on the table, 77.6% of the students achieved a score of 14 or lower. Therefore, only 22.4% of the students obtained a
score of 15 points or higher. The goal was not met.
Median score: 11
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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Distribution of Students Total Score in the College of Business Administrations Logical Mathematical Reasoning Test (CBA-
LMRT) Administration Results - December, 2011
Total
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 6 1 .7 .7 .7
8 2 1.4 1.4 2.1
9 2 1.4 1.4 3.4
10 7 4.8 4.8 8.2
11 4 2.7 2.7 11.0
12 9 6.2 6.2 17.1
13 5 3.4 3.4 20.5
14 11 7.5 7.5 28.1
15 12 8.2 8.2 36.3
16 12 8.2 8.2 44.5
17 18 12.3 12.3 56.8
18 28 19.2 19.2 76.0
19 19 13.0 13.0 89.0
20 9 6.2 6.2 95.2
21 6 4.1 4.1 99.3
22 1 .7 .7 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
Expected outcome: 70% of the students enrolled in MECU 3031 will obtain a score of 15 points or higher.
Findings: As presented on the table, 28.1% of the students achieved a score of 14 or lower. Therefore, 71.9% of the students obtained a
score of 15 points or higher. The goal was met.
Median score: 17
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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Students Item Alternatives Selection Distribution in the College of Business Administrations Logical
Mathematical Reasoning Test (CBA-LMRT) Administration Results - May 2011
Item 1
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .6 .6 .6
A 20 12.1 12.1 12.7B 8 4.8 4.8 17.6
C 116 70.3 70.3 87.9
D 16 9.7 9.7 97.6
E 4 2.4 2.4 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 1
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 48 29.1 29.3 29.3
Correct 116 70.3 70.7 100.0
Total 164 99.4 100.0Missing System 1 .6
Total 165 100.0
Item 2
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .6 .6 .6
A 86 52.1 52.1 52.7
B 20 12.1 12.1 64.8
C 13 7.9 7.9 72.7D 29 17.6 17.6 90.3
E 16 9.7 9.7 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 2
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 135 81.8 82.3 82.3
Correct 29 17.6 17.7 100.0
Total 164 99.4 100.0
Missing System 1 .6
Total 165 100.0
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Item 3
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 23 13.9 13.9 13.9
B 13 7.9 7.9 21.8
C 108 65.5 65.5 87.3
D 10 6.1 6.1 93.3
E 11 6.7 6.7 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 3
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 57 34.5 34.5 34.5
Correct 108 65.5 65.5 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 4
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .6 .6 .6
A 33 20.0 20.0 20.6
B 23 13.9 13.9 34.5
C 31 18.8 18.8 53.3
D 71 43.0 43.0 96.4
E 6 3.6 3.6 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 4
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 93 56.4 56.7 56.7
Correct 71 43.0 43.3 100.0
Total 164 99.4 100.0
Missing System 1 .6
Total 165 100.0
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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Item 5
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 103 62.4 62.4 62.4
B 21 12.7 12.7 75.2
C 25 15.2 15.2 90.3
D 11 6.7 6.7 97.0
E 5 3.0 3.0 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 5
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 62 37.6 37.6 37.6
Correct 103 62.4 62.4 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 6
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid 4 2.4 2.4 2.4
A 20 12.1 12.1 14.5
B 37 22.4 22.4 37.0
C 91 55.2 55.2 92.1
D 8 4.8 4.8 97.0
E 5 3.0 3.0 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 6
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 70 42.4 43.5 43.5
Correct 91 55.2 56.5 100.0
Total 161 97.6 100.0
Missing System 4 2.4
Total 165 100.0
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Item 7
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid A 2 1.2 1.2 1.2
B 29 17.6 17.6 18.8
C 5 3.0 3.0 21.8
D 123 74.5 74.5 96.4
E 6 3.6 3.6 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 7
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 42 25.5 25.5 25.5
Correct 123 74.5 74.5 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 8
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 57 34.5 34.5 34.5
B 107 64.8 64.8 99.4
C 1 .6 .6 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 8
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 58 35.2 35.2 35.2
Correct 107 64.8 64.8 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
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Item 9
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 8 4.8 4.8 4.8
B 1 .6 .6 5.5
C 147 89.1 89.1 94.5
D 1 .6 .6 95.2
E 8 4.8 4.8 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 9
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 18 10.9 10.9 10.9
Correct 147 89.1 89.1 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 10
Frequency Percent Valid Percent CumulativePercent
Valid 2 1.2 1.2 1.2
A 112 67.9 67.9 69.1
B 15 9.1 9.1 78.2
C 17 10.3 10.3 88.5
D 14 8.5 8.5 97.0
E 5 3.0 3.0 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 10
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 51 30.9 31.3 31.3
Correct 112 67.9 68.7 100.0
Total 163 98.8 100.0
Missing System 2 1.2
Total 165 100.0
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Item 11
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 29 17.6 17.6 17.6
B 115 69.7 69.7 87.3
C 9 5.5 5.5 92.7
D 4 2.4 2.4 95.2
E 8 4.8 4.8 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 11
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 50 30.3 30.3 30.3
Correct 115 69.7 69.7 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 12
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .6 .6 .6
A 24 14.5 14.5 15.2
B 10 6.1 6.1 21.2
C 15 9.1 9.1 30.3
D 108 65.5 65.5 95.8
E 7 4.2 4.2 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 12
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 56 33.9 34.1 34.1
Correct 108 65.5 65.9 100.0
Total 164 99.4 100.0
Missing System 1 .6
Total 165 100.0
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Item 13
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 4 2.4 2.4 2.4
A 94 57.0 57.0 59.4
B 14 8.5 8.5 67.9
C 24 14.5 14.5 82.4D 17 10.3 10.3 92.7
E 12 7.3 7.3 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 13
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 67 40.6 41.6 41.6
Correct 94 57.0 58.4 100.0
Total 161 97.6 100.0
Missing System 4 2.4
Total 165 100.0
Item 14
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid 8 4.8 4.8 4.8
A 8 4.8 4.8 9.7
B 22 13.3 13.3 23.0
C 55 33.3 33.3 56.4
D 30 18.2 18.2 74.5
E 42 25.5 25.5 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 14
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 115 69.7 73.2 73.2
Correct 42 25.5 26.8 100.0
Total 157 95.2 100.0
Missing System 8 4.8
Total 165 100.0
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Item 15
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 3 1.8 1.8 1.8
A 29 17.6 17.6 19.4
B 21 12.7 12.7 32.1
C 19 11.5 11.5 43.6
D 8 4.8 4.8 48.5
E 85 51.5 51.5 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 15
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 133 80.6 82.1 82.1
Correct 29 17.6 17.9 100.0
Total 162 98.2 100.0
Missing System 3 1.8
Total 165 100.0
Item 16
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid 3 1.8 1.8 1.8
A 34 20.6 20.6 22.4
B 81 49.1 49.1 71.5
C 30 18.2 18.2 89.7
D 13 7.9 7.9 97.6
E 4 2.4 2.4 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 16
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 81 49.1 50.0 50.0
Correct 81 49.1 50.0 100.0
Total 162 98.2 100.0
Missing System 3 1.8
Total 165 100.0
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Item 17
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 19 11.5 11.5 11.5
B 107 64.8 64.8 76.4
C 9 5.5 5.5 81.8
D 23 13.9 13.9 95.8
E 7 4.2 4.2 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 17
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 58 35.2 35.2 35.2
Correct 107 64.8 64.8 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 18
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid 3 1.8 1.8 1.8
A 4 2.4 2.4 4.2
B 21 12.7 12.7 17.0
C 104 63.0 63.0 80.0
D 7 4.2 4.2 84.2
E 26 15.8 15.8 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 18
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 58 35.2 35.8 35.8
Correct 104 63.0 64.2 100.0
Total 162 98.2 100.0
Missing System 3 1.8
Total 165 100.0
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Item 19
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 2 1.2 1.2 1.2
A 15 9.1 9.1 10.3
B 96 58.2 58.2 68.5
C 13 7.9 7.9 76.4
D 31 18.8 18.8 95.2
E 8 4.8 4.8 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 19
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 67 40.6 41.1 41.1
Correct 96 58.2 58.9 100.0
Total 163 98.8 100.0
Missing System 2 1.2
Total 165 100.0
Item 20
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid 2 1.2 1.2 1.2
* 1 .6 .6 1.8
A 13 7.9 7.9 9.7
B 32 19.4 19.4 29.1
C 25 15.2 15.2 44.2
D 31 18.8 18.8 63.0
E 61 37.0 37.0 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 20
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 101 61.2 62.3 62.3
Correct 61 37.0 37.7 100.0
Total 162 98.2 100.0
Missing System 3 1.8
Total 165 100.0
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Item 21
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid 3 1.8 1.8 1.8
A 53 32.1 32.1 33.9
B 30 18.2 18.2 52.1
C 17 10.3 10.3 62.4D 5 3.0 3.0 65.5
E 57 34.5 34.5 100.0
Total 165 100.0 100.0
Item 21
Frequency Percent Valid PercentCumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 105 63.6 64.8 64.8
Correct 57 34.5 35.2 100.0
Total 162 98.2 100.0
Missing System 3 1.8
Total 165 100.0
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Students Item Alternatives Selection Distribution in the College of Business Administrations Logical
Mathematical Reasoning Test (CBA-LMRT) Administration Results
December, 2011
item1
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 2 1.4 1.4 1.4
B 5 3.4 3.4 4.8
C* 130 89.0 89.0 93.8
D 6 4.1 4.1 97.9
E 3 2.1 2.1 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item1
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 16 11.0 11.0 11.0
Correct 130 89.0 89.0 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item2
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 39 26.7 26.7 26.7
B 12 8.2 8.2 34.9
C 8 5.5 5.5 40.4
D* 81 55.5 55.5 95.9
E 6 4.1 4.1 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item2
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 65 44.5 44.5 44.5
Correct 81 55.5 55.5 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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item3
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 20 13.7 13.7 13.7
B 5 3.4 3.4 17.1
C* 107 73.3 73.3 90.4
D 5 3.4 3.4 93.8
E 9 6.2 6.2 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item3
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 39 26.7 26.7 26.7
Correct 107 73.3 73.3 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item4
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 11 7.5 7.5 7.5
B 5 3.4 3.4 11.0
C 16 11.0 11.0 21.9
D* 112 76.7 76.7 98.6
E 2 1.4 1.4 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item4
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 34 23.3 23.3 23.3
Correct 112 76.7 76.7 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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item5
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .7 .7 .7
A* 128 87.7 87.7 88.4
B 4 2.7 2.7 91.1
C 4 2.7 2.7 93.8
D 8 5.5 5.5 99.3
E 1 .7 .7 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item5
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 18 12.3 12.3 12.3
Correct 128 87.7 87.7 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item6
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 15 10.3 10.3 10.3
B 38 26.0 26.0 36.3
C* 91 62.3 62.3 98.6
D 2 1.4 1.4 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item6
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 55 37.7 37.7 37.7
Correct 91 62.3 62.3 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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item7
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid B 9 6.2 6.2 6.2
C 3 2.1 2.1 8.2
D* 134 91.8 91.8 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item7
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 12 8.2 8.2 8.2
Correct 134 91.8 91.8 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item8
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 30 20.5 20.5 20.5
B* 116 79.5 79.5 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item8
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 30 20.5 20.5 20.5
Correct 116 79.5 79.5 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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item9
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid C* 141 96.6 96.6 96.6
D 2 1.4 1.4 97.9
E 3 2.1 2.1 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item9
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 5 3.4 3.4 3.4
Correct 141 96.6 96.6 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item10
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .7 .7 .7
A* 115 78.8 78.8 79.5
B 17 11.6 11.6 91.1
C 7 4.8 4.8 95.9
D 4 2.7 2.7 98.6
E 2 1.4 1.4 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item10
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 31 21.2 21.2 21.2
Correct 115 78.8 78.8 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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item11
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 2 1.4 1.4 1.4
A 24 16.4 16.4 17.8
B* 108 74.0 74.0 91.8
C 4 2.7 2.7 94.5
D 5 3.4 3.4 97.9
E 3 2.1 2.1 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item11
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 38 26.0 26.0 26.0
Correct 108 74.0 74.0 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item12
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .7 .7 .7
A 15 10.3 10.3 11.0
B 5 3.4 3.4 14.4
C 5 3.4 3.4 17.8
D* 116 79.5 79.5 97.3
E 4 2.7 2.7 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item12
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 30 20.5 20.5 20.5
Correct 116 79.5 79.5 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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item13
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A* 118 80.8 80.8 80.8
B 4 2.7 2.7 83.6
C 13 8.9 8.9 92.5
D 7 4.8 4.8 97.3
E 4 2.7 2.7 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item13
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 28 19.2 19.2 19.2
Correct 118 80.8 80.8 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item14
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 3 2.1 2.1 2.1
A 3 2.1 2.1 4.1
B 25 17.1 17.1 21.2
C 23 15.8 15.8 37.0
D* 83 56.8 56.8 93.8
E 9 6.2 6.2 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item14
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 63 43.2 43.2 43.2
Correct 83 56.8 56.8 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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item15
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .7 .7 .7
A* 31 21.2 21.2 21.9
B 13 8.9 8.9 30.8
C 12 8.2 8.2 39.0
D 6 4.1 4.1 43.2
E 83 56.8 56.8 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item15
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 115 78.8 78.8 78.8
Correct 31 21.2 21.2 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item16
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 17 11.6 11.6 11.6
B* 105 71.9 71.9 83.6
C 15 10.3 10.3 93.8
D 5 3.4 3.4 97.3
E 4 2.7 2.7 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item16
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 41 28.1 28.1 28.1
Correct 105 71.9 71.9 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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item17
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .7 .7 .7
A 9 6.2 6.2 6.8
B* 123 84.2 84.2 91.1
C 3 2.1 2.1 93.2
D 10 6.8 6.8 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item17
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 23 15.8 15.8 15.8
Correct 123 84.2 84.2 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item18
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .7 .7 .7
A 1 .7 .7 1.4
B 17 11.6 11.6 13.0
C* 98 67.1 67.1 80.1
D 5 3.4 3.4 83.6
E 24 16.4 16.4 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item18
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 48 32.9 32.9 32.9
Correct 98 67.1 67.1 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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item19
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .7 .7 .7
A 3 2.1 2.1 2.7
B* 117 80.1 80.1 82.9
C 4 2.7 2.7 85.6
D 11 7.5 7.5 93.2
E 10 6.8 6.8 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item19
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 29 19.9 19.9 19.9
Correct 117 80.1 80.1 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item20
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid 1 .7 .7 .7
A 1 .7 .7 1.4
B 11 7.5 7.5 8.9
C 2 1.4 1.4 10.3
D 14 9.6 9.6 19.9
E* 117 80.1 80.1 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item20
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 29 19.9 19.9 19.9
Correct 117 80.1 80.1 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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item21
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A 11 7.5 7.5 7.5
B 21 14.4 14.4 21.9
C 7 4.8 4.8 26.7
D 5 3.4 3.4 30.1
E* 102 69.9 69.9 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item21
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 44 30.1 30.1 30.1
Correct 102 69.9 69.9 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item22
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid A* 79 54.1 54.1 54.1
B 37 25.3 25.3 79.5
C 12 8.2 8.2 87.7
D 7 4.8 4.8 92.5
E 11 7.5 7.5 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
item22
Frequency Percent Valid Percent
Cumulative
Percent
Valid Incorrect 67 45.9 45.9 45.9
Correct 79 54.1 54.1 100.0
Total 146 100.0 100.0
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Index of Internal Consistency (reliabilityCronbachs alpha) of the College of Business
Administrations Logical Mathematical Reasoning Test (CBA-LMRT) - May 2011
Case Processing Summary
N %
Cases Valid 145 87.9
Excludeda 20 12.1
Total 165 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the procedure.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's AlphaBased on Standardized
Items N of Items
.660 .658 21
Index of Internal Consistency (reliabilityCronbachs alpha) of the College of Business
Administrations Logical Mathematical Reasoning Test (CBA-LMRT) - December 2011
8/2/2019 9. Appendix IX - Quantitative Reasoning in Business Administration - Findings and Actions
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Case Processing Summary
N %
Cases Valid 146 100.0
Excludeda
0 .0
Total 146 100.0
a. Listwise deletion based on all variables in the
procedure.
Reliability Statistics
Cronbach's Alpha
Cronbach's Alpha
Based on
Standardized Items
N of
Items
.677 .671 22