l 2

3 4

5 6

8

9

10

12

13 14

7

(481- 186)

1 (A )

A s m a n y developed counlries bec o me the destination for il1l111igrants ｭ

beller opporlunilies the 1" people coming frOlll other lands in search 0 -

ethnic l1lix ﾌs changing and with this has c o me the fear of the los5 of

national identity as represented in a shared nalional language ancl c o m m o n

values. Anxiety is growing abollt what appears to be the increasing

separateness of so me ethnic communities. SlI rveys in the USA , for exa l1lple ,

no E nglish anc1 1' have fOllnd that immigrants w h o have little 0

w h o primarily rely on Spanish in their h o mes ancl w ork lives have strikingly

different opinions from English speakers about controversial social isslles

sllch as divorce ancl h o m osexuality.

T here is , h o wever. another side to such separate. paral1ellives. no w

live in a w or1c1 in which m igrants do nol have lo break connectiom ; wilh

friends and family to begin the generations-Iong process of adopting a ncw

identity. N ot only is it possible 10 relain c10se conlact wilh the ‘hOll1e'

c o mlTIunity on a claily basis via email and t elephone , but it is also possible for

people to reacl the sa me new spapers as those being read in the community

they have left, watch the sa me television prog r a m mes on salel1ite television,

or borrow the sa me fi1m s on D V D . Social network ties which w ere broken in previous generations are

everywhere becoming reconnected. Families and cOl11l1lllnities which w crc

separated g enerations ago are fincling each other oncc again. Ties are being

reconnected. helping to create a different type of society:one which is 1110rc

spread out and less dependent on geographic closeness.

-

(B)

O n that morning lhe bus was slanding-room-only as w e squeezed on at

our regular stop. Several blocks later, m y son, Nick, fOllod a free seat

halfway back on one side of lhe bus and his littJe sister, Lizzie, and 1 took

seats on the other.

1 was 1i stening to Lizzie chatler on about something when 1 was

surprised get up. I 1 watched as he spoke

po1i tely to an older, not quite grandmotherly w o m a n w h o didn't look familiar

to m e. A 1i ttle lhing, but still 1 was flooded with

appreciati > es w e have talked about whaton. For all lhe tin

to c1 0 and what not to do on the blls - say “ Excuse me," cover your mOllth

when you cough, don't point, don't stare at people w h o look unusual- this

had trained him to do. I ] lt was a sm al1

act of kindness. and

For all w e show our kids and tell them how w e believe people

sholllc1 acl. h o w w e hope they w i1l act, it still comes as a shock and a

pl - frankly - when they do something that sllggests theyeasure a re1ief,

understand. All the more so becallse in the world in which N ick is growing

up, the ruJes that govern social interaction are so much vaguer than they

were when w e were his age. Kids are exposed to a complex confusion of

com peting signals about what' s ( 2 one w It s), Jet al hat' s a d mirable. '

hard to know w h atgood manners are anymore.

- 4 - (481- 189)

(a)

LU

(c)

(d)

Under the circumstances, good manners require a good deal more

imagination than they once did , if only becausc it's so m uch harder to kno w

what the person sitting across from you - whether stranger 0 1' friend ｭ

expects, needs , wants from you. W hen you don't have an official rulebool<,

you have to listen harder, be m ore sensitive. be rcady to play it by ear.

(1)

Suddenly 1 understood: he was offering her his seat.

- 5 -

(2)

acceptablc

achjevablc

avoidablc

incvitablc

predictablc

(3)

(a)

course.this sort of confusion is abollt mllch 1l10re lhan etiquetle on

public transportalion. It.s aboul whal w e shollld do for each other , anc1 expect of each olher. now thal ollr roles are no longcr closely dictated

by w hether w c are male or fcmalc. young or old.

w a s rcmindcd of this incident on the lrain lhc othcr day. on another

crowded m orning. as I watchccl a yOllng m a n in an expensive suit slip

inlo an opcn scat w ithollt so mllch as losing his place in the N e w York

Times. sm oothly bcating oul a silver-haired gentlc m an anc1 a group of yOllng w o m cn in trendy c1othcs.

for a minute do 1 regret lhe passing of the social contract that

gave m en Illost of the p o wer ancl opportllnity, ancl w o m e n ll10st of the

seats on lhe bus. But operating w ithout a contracl can be

uncomfortable. too. It's as if nobody quite kno ws ho w to behavc anymore; thc lack of prediclability on all fronts has left our nerve

cnclings cxposecl. A nd thc confusion exlends 10 everylhing from

deciding w h o goes through 1hc door first 10 w h o pays for dates.

- 6 - (481-191)

w as taking m y kids to school w hen 1 had another of thosc

experiences particular to parents. Just as when a chjlcl first plays

outside alone , co mes h o m e talking exciledly about whal has happencd al

il is a m o menteats w ith pleasure a food previously 1' school, 0

that nobody else sees but that w e replay over and over because in it w e

nolice so mething new aboul our children. This lime , though, the

experience w as played out in public , making it all lhe more m eaningful

to me.

first thought w as thal his 1l1 0ther w Ollld be ash a med of hil11. Ancl

then 1 thOllght , with so m e amusemenl , that 1 3 m hopelessly behind the

times. For al1 1 know, the older m a n w ould've been insll1t ed to be lhree decades his junior. A nd the 1' offered a seat by so meone two 0

women, 1 suppose. might consider polite behavior toward lhem selve

discrimination. Besides, investm ent banker 1' our young executive 0

probably had to co m pete w ith w o men for a job; w hy wOllld he wanl to

offer a potenlial c o m petﾍt or a seat?

(4)

author think. s that times chang e but good m anners remain the s a me.

author complains that good m a n ners are dead in the m odern

world.

author thal the next generalion wil1 find new rules for

social behavior.

aulhor believes thal good m anners in today's w or1 cl c1 em a n d m uch thought and effort.

author rec o m mends lhal w e continlle to behave according to

establishecl social rllles.

-

2 (A)

1) T he w ind was so strong that 1 w as b able to rem ain

standing. [almost not]

barely

' any citizens c abollt theA t yestetday's public meeting, m

recent tax i [expressed disapprovaIJncreases. com nec1 plai

(1) T he rich s in the area m akes farming very profitable.

[the surface layer of ground in which plants grow]

(2) N o one could have a slI ch a rapicl increase in prices. [expected that something would happen]

(3) T he three si isters lheir mother's house after she passed away. [received as property from a person w h o had died]

(4) The police stopped ancl qllestioned severalyOllths w ho w ere b

sllspiciollSly. [conducting themselvesJ

(5) M any people with specialhealth needs have to check the list of i on all of the packages of food that they buy. [materials used to m a k e food]

- 8 - O M 7 (481- l93)

(B)

- 9 -

3 (8) ,

(8) (B).

(A)

"-'

(1 a)opposmg

geostationary orbit ....

Allen belts

(1 b) (2) k m

..-------- carbon nanotube ribbon

-

(1)

(2)

(3) (3a) ,.._

(3a) W h ich possible negative aspect of lhe new transportation system si

raised by M ary and not by the other speakers?

rates of travel.

to radiation.

with satellites.

strength and f1 exibility of the ribbon.

(3b) H o w does A ndre w feel abollt travelling on the ne w transportation

system ?

thinks a ticket would be too expensive.

doesn't like the idea of lhe risks involved.

wants to because N A S A designed it.

w o uld rather travel on it w se.ith someone el

(3c) W h a t topic is going to be disCllssed next on the progra mm e?

llrban planning project. psychology of advenlure.

ence. new develop ment in Earth sci

hig h technology employed at Disneyland.

- 1 1 - (481-196)

(B)

(1) "-'

(1) According to the lecture, which goal of cultural anthropology is il1ustrated

by recent studies of sporting events?

make the strange seem familiar.

make the familiar seem sttange.

increase our understanding of human rituals.

increase ollr lInderstanding of hllman communities.

(2) In which w a y is American football similar to a modern corporation,

according to som e scholars?

is based on the core values of capitalism.

reflects A mericans' common social identity.

stresses cooperation through specialization.

is djvided into units with different functions.

(3) Which of the fol1o wing is N O T mentioned as a core value of capitalism?

work.

tion.

authority.

- 12 - (481-197)

(4) Which of the fol1 owing is used to support the vie w that football is a ritual

1. surviva

that celebrates the basic forces of nature?

relationship between the rhythm of the game and the cycle of life.

relationship between the rules of the game and the laws of physi cs.

relationship bet ween the schedule of gam es and the seasons of the

year.

relationship between the conflicts in the g a m e and the slrug gle for

(5) Which of the following is N O T m entioned w ith regard to football and

war?

military origins of footbal1.

increasing violence of football.

discipline and courage expected of soldiers.

protective equipment worn by football players.

-

(C)

(1) "-'

(1) W h y is Peter dissatisfied with the scholars' explanations of American

football?

he thlnks only one explanation can be correct.

he thinks there must be another, better explanation.

he thinks the explanations reveal the scholars' prejudices.

he thinks it is inappropriate for scholars to study sports like

A merican footbal1.

(2) W hich of the following explanations for japan's low crime rate is N O T

m entioned?

lo w birthrate.

culture of respect. community-based policing.

relative economic equality.

(3) Which of the following agrees with the lecturer's comments about the

simplicity of sports?

simpler a sport is, the more popular it w i11 be.

simple is not enough to m a ke a sport popular.

to simplify sports in order to m a ke the m more popular rarely

sllcceed.

can take a long tim e for even a simple sport to becom e popular

worldw ide.

- 1 4 - (481-199)

(4) W h a t does the lecturer imply about the scholars' explanations of

American footba11?

of those explanations can be app1ied to soccer's popularity as w el1. of those explanations also suggest w hy A merican football is not

popular worldwicle.

existence of various explanations suggests w h y Arnerican football is

popular in the United States.

existence of various explanations suggests that the study of

American football is still in its early stages.

(5) H ow does the lecturer explain the global popularity of soccer?

doesn't. links il to the fact that people play soccer in their childhood.

says that soccer has various symbolic meanings that touch people at

many deep levels.

says that people a11 over the w orld enjoy soccer because the rules

are easy to understand.

-

4 (A)

often 1 read an article on how to survive w hen is l08t in the (1)

wilds , ancl 1 have to laugh. '̂ ' T he experts__"""ho w rite these pieces know (2) about survival but next to it nothing about get!_illg lost. r a m an

expert on getting lost. ,^, I have been lost in nine different countries , forty-(3)

1hree cities, seven national forests, four national parks, countless of park.ing lots , and one passenger train. M y w ife claims 1 once got lost riding an

elevator in a tal1 building But that is an exaggeration based on m y

confusion over the absence of a thirteenth floor. (lf you are a person with a fear of heights, you w ant to m ake certain that the floors are right w here

they are supposed to be. ,.,And you're not a11 about to listen to a lot of (4) excuses for any em pty space between the tw elfth and fourteenth f100rs.)

since 1 have survived all of these experiences of being lost, it follows (5) that 1 am also something of an survival.

- 16 - (481- 201)

(8) Ishiguro

(2).

It's perhaps llot m uch known that Ish has a mllsical sic1e. 1 was only vaguely aware of it, if at a11, w hen 1 intervie w ec1 him, though l'd known him

by then for several years - /., a g o o d example of ho w he doesn't give mllch (l)

Ish plays the piano and the g uitar, both w ell. I'm not sure how m a ny

different guitars he no w actually possesses, but 1 w Ollldn't be surprised if it's

in double figures. His wife , Lorna , sings and plaY8; so does his c1allghter.

Evenings of musical entertainment in the householc1 can't be at al1 uncommon.

O ne of the fe w regrets of m y life is that 1 have no formal grollnc1ing in

mllsic. 1 never hac1 a m usical edllcation 01' cam e from the sort of ‘musica l

h o me' that w ould have m a de this possible or probable. and always rather

readily assllmed that m usic w a s w hat those other,‘mus ical' people did. I've

never felt , on _the other hand, though a great many people w ho didn't gro w

up reading ]:)90k8 have perhaps felt it , that w riting is w hat those other.

‘writerly' people do.

This contrast between writing and m l1sic is strange, h o wever. since 1

increasingly feel that a lot of m y instincts about w riting are in fact 1l111sical.

and 1 don't think that writing and m l1sic are fl1ndamental1y so far apart. T he basic elements of narrative - timing , pacing, flow , tension and release,

repetition of themes - are m usical ones too. A n d ,^' where w ould w riting be (3) w ithout rhythm, the large rhythms that shape a or the srnall ones that

shape a paragraph?

- 17 - O M7(481-202)

5

(1)

A sari fo1' a month. It shouldn't have been a big deal bul it was. After a11, 1

had grown up around w o m e n wearing saris in India. M y m other even slept in

one.

In India , saris are adult c1othes. After 1 turned eighteen , 1 occasionally wore

a beautiful sari for w eddings and holidays and lo the tem ple. But wearing a silk

sari to an Indian party w as one thing . D eciding to wear a sari every clay while

1iving N e w York, especially after len yean:; in Weslern c1othes, seem ed

outrageous , even to m e.

T h c sari is six yards of fabr c fo1ded into a graceful yet impraclical garmenl.

lt is fragile and can fall apart at any m o ment. W h e n w orn right , it is suprem ely

e1egant and feminine.

It requires ( 2a ), however. N o 10nger could 1 spring across the street just

bef ore the light changed. T he sari forced m e to shorten m y slricles. 1 had to

throw m y shoulders ( 3a ) and pay attention to m y posture. 1 coulcln'l squeeze

( 3b ) a crowded subway car for fear 1hat someone would accidentally pull m y

sari. 1 couldn'l balance four bags frol11 lhe super market in one hancl and pull oul

m y house keys f rOI11 a convenient pocket ( 3c ) lhe ot her. By the enc1 of lhe

first week, 1 was f eeling frustratecl anc1 angry wit h m yself. W h a t w as 1 to

( 4a )?

T he notion of wearing a sar every day was relat ely new for m e. During

m y col1egc years - the age when 1110st girls in India beg w earing saris

regularly - 1 w as studying in A merica as an ar1 student and 1 wore casual

c10thcs just as 01 her sludenls c1id. After getting l11arried, 1 beca m e a housewife

experimenling with 1110re fashionable c1othes. Over the years , in short, 1 triec1 to

ta1k, walk, and acl like an A merican.

T hen 1 m oved to N e w York and bec a me a mother. 1 wanted to teach m y

- 18 - O M7(481- 203)

three-year-old daughter Indian values and traditions because [ kne w she would be

pro[oundly different from the children she would play with in religion (we are

Hindus) , eating habits (we are vegetarians) , and the festivals w e celcbratccl.

W e a ring a sari every day was m y way of showing her that she could m e1t into the pot while keeping her individual f1avor.

lt wasn't just for m y c1aughter's sake that 1 deciclecl to wear a sari. 1 was

tirecl of to ( 4b ). No A merican singers hacl ever spoken lo m e as c1ecply

as m y favorite lnclian singers. Nor coulcl 1 sing popll)ar A merican songs as easily

as 1 cOllld m y favorite lndian lllnes. M u c h as r enjoyecl A merican food , 1 couldn'l

last four days without an Inc1ian meal. It was time to show m y cthnicity with a

sari ancl a bright red bindi. 1 was going to be an ( 5a ), but on m y own

1t w as A m erica's turn to acljust to me.

Slowly , 1 eased into wearing the garmenl. 1 o wnecl it ancl it owned m e.

Strangers stared at m c as T walked proudly across a crowcled bookstore. SOI11<:'

of them caught m y eye and smilec1. At first , 1 resentecl being an ( 5b ). T hen 1

wonc1ered: perhaps I reminded them of a wonderful holiclay in I nclia or a favorite

Inc1ian cookboo1<. Shop assistants pronouncccl thcir words clearly w hcn

spoke to m e. 1 was stoppec1 about Inc1ia as ir

wearing a sari had m a de m c an ( 5c ). O ne ]apanese lady near Times Sqllare

asked to have her picture taken with m e. / r " A tOllrist hac1 thought that 1 w as OJ1C‘ (6) t00 , just steps from m y h o me.

ﾟut there were unexpected ( 2b ). lndian taxi drivers raced across lanes

and stoppcd in front of m e just as 1 steppec1 into the street to hail a cab. W hCll

m y daughter clim bed high up the jungle gyll1 in Central Park. 1 gatherec1

anc1 prepared to follow , hoping it wouldn't balloon OLlt like Marilyn Monroe's

dress. O ne of the dads standing nearby saw that 1 w as in lrollble and voluntccrccl

to climb after her. , _ , A k night in N e w York? W as it m e? O r was it m y sari? . (7)

Best of a11, ll1y family approvec1. M y hllsbanc1 praised rne. M y parcnls were

- O M 7 (481- 204)

proud of m e. M y daughter gave out a sigh of admiration w hen 1 pulled out m y

colorful saris. W hen 1 hugged her tenderly in m y arms , scents fro m the sm all

bag of sweet-sm elling herbs that 1 used to freshen m y sari at night escaped from

the folds of cloth and calmed her to sleep. 1 felt part of a long line of lndian

mothers w h o had rocked their babies this way.

Soon. the month was over. M y self-imposed ( 2c ) was coming to an end.

1 nstead of f eeling liberated, 1 felt a sharp pain of unease. 1 had started to ( 4c )

m y san.

Saris were impractical for America , 1 told myself. 1 would continue to wear

them ( 8 ). It was time to g o back to m y sensible casual c1othes.

(1)

(2) 2a ) "-' ( 2c

eelings

-

(3) 3a ) '"'-' ( 3c

(4) 4a ) '"'-' ( 4c

in

011

(5) 5a ) "" ( 5c

/ exhibil / immigranl

/ authority / immigranl

/ uthority /

/ immigrant / exhibit

/ immigranl / authority

/ exhibit / allt hority

(6)

(7)

is amazed that a ll1an would be kind enough to help a stranger ill N e w

York.

is surprisecl that a ll1an of noble birlh would act 50 bravely in N e w

York.

w onclers if m en have m a n y opportunities lo help beauliful w o m e n in

N e w York.

is con[usecl by a falher plltting her daughter before his o w n chilclrcn

in N ew York.

is shocked at a man's eagerness to get lo know SOll1eone w h o 100ks So

diiferent in N e w Y o r k

- 2 1 -

(8)

not every day

order to feel liberated

matter how inconvenient

cnjoy their sweet herb smell

to show 1 a m an lndian mother

(9)

writer decided to wear saris because she wanted to express her Indian

identity.

sari was so elegant and feminine that the writer naturally behaved

graccfully.

her initial reluctance to wear saris, the writer gradually becam e an

expert on lnclia.

assistants spoke to the writer very politely because they sa w her in a

sari and thought shc shoulcl be treatecl with respect.

- 22 •