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3/11/2014
1
Dr. Mostafa Elshahed
Eng. Amr Adel
Upon completing this course, the student should be able to:
� Learn a brief history of the electrical power systems
construction
� List and describe the different components of electrical power
systems
� Learn the per-unit system calculations
� Draw the single line diagram and impedance diagram
� Calculate the transmission lines parameters
� Formulate the various transmission lines models
Dr. M
ostafaElshahed
3/11/2014
2
Upon completing this course, the student should be able to:
� Establish the transmission lines performance
� Define the transformers and synchronous machines
representations
� Calculate the symmetrical faults variables
� Learn the principles of symmetrical components transformations
� Calculate the unsymmetrical faults variables
Dr. M
ostafaElshahed
J. Grainger, W. Stevenson, “Power System
Analysis,” McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, Dec
2003
Dr. M
ostafaElshahed
3/11/2014
3
� Attendance 05 Grades
� Homework 10 Grades
� Quizzes (4) 30 Grades
----------------------------------------------------
� Midterm Exam 20 Grades
----------------------------------------------------
� Final Exam 40 Grades
----------------------------------------------------
� Total Grade 100 Grades
Dr. M
ostafaElshahed
ELCN 112: Circuits-2
� Single Phase Circuits
� Three Phase Circuits
In the section
Dr. M
ostafaElshahed
3/11/2014
4
Dr.
Mos
tafa
Elsh
ahed
Cai
ro U
nive
rsity
�A system dedicated to of electric power:
� Generation (Production)
� Transmission (Transportation)
� Distribution (Retailing)
�A “Mission Critical System” that provides a
vital service to the society &, as such, should
be operated with the goal of achieving:
� Lowest operation cost
� Highest reliability standards
� Minimum environmental impacts
Dr. M
ostafaElshahed
3/11/2014
5
Electric Power System ComponentsConsumption
Transmission DistributionGeneration
Power Utility Ownership
Dr. M
ostafaElshahed
500 kV TransmissionPower Plant
Generation
TransmissionSystem
DistributionSystem(12kV)
UndergroundDistribution Transfomer
ResidentialCustomer
Commercial/IndustrialCustomer
ResidentialCustomer
OverheadDistributionTransformer
UrbanCustomers
69 kV Sub-transmission
230 kVTransmission
Distribution Substation(69/12 kV)
High-Voltage Substation(230/69 kV)
Extra-High-Voltage Substation(500/230 kV)
Distribution Line
Underground Cable
To OtherHigh-VoltageSubstations
Dr. M
ostafa Elshahed
3/11/2014
7
It is preferable to interconnect the systems because:
1. it improves the overall stability.
2. it provides better continuity of service and
3. it is more economical.
Three networks connected by 4 tie lines.
Dr. M
ostafa Elshahed
Stability: Systems that are interconnected have
greater reserve power than a system working
alone.
Continuity of service: If a generating station
has to be shut down for annual inspection and
repair, the customers it serves can temporarily
be supplied by the two remaining stations.
Economy: The load can be shared between the
various generating stations so that the overall
operating cost is minimized.
Dr. M
ostafa Elshahed
3/11/2014
8
Our power is generated for us
compliments of our natural resources
� Conventional or non-renewable resources
� Renewable resources
Dr. M
ostafa Elshahed
�Fossil fuels (Hydrocarbons)
� Natural Gas
� Coal
� Oil
�Nuclear (Uranium)
Dr. M
ostafa Elshahed
3/11/2014
9
�Solar Energy
�Wind Energy
�Water Energy
�Geothermal Energy
�Tidal Energy
Dr. M
ostafa Elshahed
� Hydraulic Power Station
� Thermal Power Station (Steam or Gas)
� Combined Power Station
� Nuclear Power Station
� Geothermal Power Station
� Biomass Power Station
� Wind Power plant
� Solar power Plant
Dr. M
ostafa Elshahed
3/11/2014
10
240 6 12 18
Base load
Intermediate Load
Peak Load
• Base load (large thermal and nuclear plants)
• Intermediate loads (medium steam and hydro)
• Peak load (gas turbine and combined cycle plants)
Typical Daily
Load Curve
Dr. M
ostafaElshahed
• Base power stations: that deliver full power at alltimes.ex. ( Nuclear and coal-fired stations)
• Intermediate power stations: that can respondrelatively quickly to changes in demand, usuallybe adding or removing one or more generatingunits.ex. (Steam and hydropower stations)
• Peak generating stations : that deliver power forbrief intervals through the day. Such stations mustbe put in service very quickly. pumped-storagestations are typical examples.ex. (Diesel, gas, or pumped storage stations)
Dr. M
ostafa Elshahed