OLR(1987)34(11) B. MarineMeteorology 939

87:6177 Molinari, R.L., 1987. Air mass modification over the

eastern Guff of Mexico as a function of surface wind fields and Loop Current position. Mon. Weath. Rev., 115(3):646-652. NOAA/AOML, Miami, FL 33149, USA.

87:6178 Pokhil, A.E. and E.B. Chernyavskii, 1986. Reaction

of ocean to movement of tropical cyclones. Soy. Met. Hydrol. (a translation of Meteorologiya Gidrol.), 7:47-52.

The reaction of atmosphere and ocean to tropical cyclone (TC) generation and development at dis- tances />2000 km is examined. The possibility of estimating ocean temperature reaction to a tropical cyclone passage, based on satellite photos and hydrosynoptic maps, is demonstrated. Orb)

87:6179 Rouse, W.R., S.G. Hardill and Peter Lafleur, 1987.

The energy balance in the coastal environment of James Bay and Hudson Bay during the growing season. J. Climatol., 7(2):165-179.

Energy balance measurements were made simul- taneously in southern James Bay (SJB) and in central Hudson Bay (CHB) during the growing season of 1985. Both sites were located 1 km inland from east-west trending coastlines and fully vege- tated with sedge grasses growing in standing water. The SJB site is in a non-permafrost environment; the CHB site is underlain by continuous permafrost. Measurements indicate that magnitudes of all components of the energy balance, except net radiation, are dependent on wind direction. With onshore winds (which dominate), the ground heat flux, evaporative heat flux and air temperature are smaller than for offshore winds, and sensible heat flux is larger. The Bowen ratio becomes much larger than would be expected under conditions of poten- tial evapotranspiration, apparently caused by a rapid increase in the canopy resistance of sedge grasses when air temperatures drop below 16°C. Compo- nents of the energy balance correlate linearly with air temperature. Dept. of Geogr., McMaster Univ., Hamilton, ON, L8S 4KI, Canada.

87:6180 Steiner, E.J., 1987. The relationship of low-level winds

and moisture to convection in the tropical Pacific. Mon. Weath. Rev., 115(3):744-749.

Strong convection in the tropical Pacific is enhanced when low-level winds are westerly and poleward directed. This means that winds which blow opposite to the normal easterly, equatorward trade-wind flow

are associated with strong convection. Linear re- gression demonstrates that about 30%-40% of the variance in convection across the Pacific during the 1982-83 E1 Nifio can be explained by low-level precipitable water plus the low-level winds. CIRES, Univ. of Colorado/NOAA, Boulder, CO 80309, USA.

87:6181 Strong, A.E., 1986. Monitoring El Nifio using

satellite-based sea surface temperatures. Ocean- air Interactions, 1(1): 11-28.

A series of monthly mean multi-channel sea surface temperatures (MCSST) for 1982-83 demonstrates the changes in ocean heat distribution associated with an intense E1 Nifio episode in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean. Although at its peak the El Chich6n's volcanic aerosol injection into the strat- osphere resulted in negative temperature biases of 1-2C °, the monthly mean MCSST values were reversed by the extreme E1 Nifio surface temperature anomaly. NOAA, Natl. Environ. Satellite, Data and Info. Serv., Washington, DC 20233, USA. (hbf)

87:6182 White, W.B., S.E. Pazan and Masamichi Inoue,

1987. Hindcast/forecast of ENSO events based upon the redistribution of observed and model heat content in the western tropical Pacific, 1964--86. J. phys. Oceanogr., 17(2):264-280.

Complex EOF analysis is applied to the onset phase of ENSO events occurring in 1968-69, 1972-73, 1976-77, and 1982-83; it is used to determine the characteristic redistribution of heat content (dy- namic height) prior to the mature phase of ENSO events. The first complex EOF explained 53% of the interannual variance of the numerical model anom- alous dynamic height in the 22-yr model data records. This analysis finds model dynamic height in the Northern Hemisphere to be characterized by wind-driven westward propagating, baroclinic Rossby wave activity, having a relatively stable period of 3-4 years over the 22-yr period. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92097, USA.

87:6183 Xie, Simei, Takashi Aoki and M.M T Yoshino, 1987.

Characteristics of interaunual variations of North Pacific SST and its relation to East Asia climate. Acta oceanol, sin., 6(1):68-79.

In cold and warm ocean areas ~he convergence speeds are the fastest, while in the Kuroshio and the western part of the North Equatorial Current areas they are fast only in winter. The characteristics of the annual variation of the monthly SST are