Unit 6 Study Guide - Behavior and the Nervous System

1) Deer learn some of their behavior from living in their environment. Which behavior is most likely learned?

A) Eating grass

B) Running from predators

C) Nurturing their young

D) Avoiding poisonous plants

2) An animal that is able to exhibit "self-sacrificing" behaviors, where it helps others at its own expense, is referred to as

A) cooperative. B) submissive. C) altruistic. D) aggressive.

Questions 3 through 5 refer to the following:

For the science fair, Marianna ran a mouse through a maze and recorded how fast it took the mouse to find the cheese at the exit. She

conducted three trials in a row for two days in a row, without changing her variables. She recorded her results in the chart below.

3) In the experiment described, what kind of behavior is the mouse demonstrating?

A) Learned behavior

B) Inherited behavior

C) Imprinting behavior

D) Reflex response

4) According the data in the table shown, which of the following questions do these results best answer?

A) How fast can a mouse run?

B) Will a mouse's behavior change from one trial to the next; from one day to the next?

C) What type of cheese does a mouse prefer?

D) Does the size of a maze affect how quickly a mouse can run through it?

5) In the experiment described, what kind of memory is the mouse using?

A) long-term B) sensory C) short-term D) rapid response

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6) Which of the following most likely explains why the different sexes of a ring-necked pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) look

different?

A) The drab natural-toned coloration of the female pheasant allows it to be camouflaged in its natural habitat and hide

successfully on the nest.

B) The male pheasant has a longer lifespan than the female, allowing it to grow larger over a longer period of time.

C) The male pheasant belongs to a different subspecies than the female pheasant.

D) The differences in the pheasants' sizes and colorations are caused by familial genetics and are unrelated to gender.

7) For many years, scientists have been interested in studying learning and behavior patterns in animals. They use many methods

for assessing these mannerisms, such as puzzle boxes for the animals to navigate and positive and negative reinforcement to

influence behavior.

These scientists are commonly referred to as

A) psychiatrists. B) physiologists. C) psychologists. D) behaviorists.

8) A male bird tries to get the attention of a female bird by putting on a "performance", such as dancing, singing, or displays of

beauty or fighting ability. The female bird will then choose to either mate or reject the male based on his "performance".

This behavior is an example of

A) imprinting. B) courtship. C) brooding. D) gestation.

9) A small woodland bird, known as a killdeer (Charadrius vociferous), often appears to be injured when a predator gets near its

nest. Given this scenario, which of the following is the most scientifically testable statement?

A) The killdeer has actually been injured while aggressively fighting off predators from its nest in the past.

B) The killdeer is abandoning its nest in hopes the predator will prefer healthier prey instead.

C) This is a distraction behavior that greatly ensures the safety of the killdeer's nest.

D) The killdeer cannot determine what is a predator and what is not a threat.

10) The idea that Arctic lemmings (Lemmus sibiricus) commit suicide by jumping off a cliff during times of overpopulation has

persisted for years, thanks in part to misinformation.

Lemmings do not really commit suicide, but rather go over the cliff in response to

A) artificial selection illustrating principles of natural selection.

B) an error in animal judgment and behavior.

C) group selection and following behavior.

D) an urge to join other migrating flocks flying overhead.

11) Courtship behavior is said to resemble conflict behavior in some animal species for all of the following reasons except

A) the mate that fights the hardest will most often have the largest litters of offspring.

B) the strongest mates are preferable in hopes that they pass on these genes to their offspring.

C) not all males have the right to reproduce and must fight for it.

D) potential mates fight to establish a higher and more desirable social supremacy within their community.

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12) Which of the following most likely explains why many fish exhibit "countershading," where they have a lightly-shaded ventral

surface but a dark-shaded dorsal surface?

A) Disruptive coloration makes the fish seem smaller than it really is to predators.

B) Countershading allows the fish to be easily seen by birds hovering overhead, thus distracting the birds from its nest of

eggs.

C) Countershading prevents attack from below because the fish essentially disappears due to blending in with the incoming

light overhead.

D) Countershading makes it easier for fish to identify others of its species from far away.

Questions 13 and 14 refer to the following:

Scientists have studied many behaviors of ants, such as the situation shown below.

13) What is the purpose of the ant's pheromone trail in the diagrams shown?

A) It scares away predators in the area while the colony collects the food.

B) It warns the other ants in the colony to stay away from its food source.

C) It lures the female ants to leave the present colony and create a new colony mound.

D) It provides a scent that other ants in the colony can follow to the food source.

14) What can you conclude about ants from the sequence of diagrams shown?

A) Ants are solitary insects that act by themselves.

B) Ants are predatory insects that attack other insects.

C) Ants compete with other ants in the colony for food.

D) Ants are social insects that work together.

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15)

The conflict behavior discussed in this excerpt may explain why many avian species

A) eventually become extinct, like the dodo, due to constant infighting between members.

B) find physical appearance to be important when selecting the strongest mate.

C) prefer to mate with its weaker members to avoid fighting altogether.

D) All of the above

16) White pelicans fish together by dipping their bills into the water at the same time. Any fish that escapes the bill of one pelican is

often caught in the bill of another pelican. All the pelicans get enough to eat without much work. This is an example of

A) cyclic behavior. B) social behavior. C) conflict behavior. D) altruistic behavior.

17) Warning colors protect some insects by

A) making the insects appear like a stone or piece of bark.

B) making the insects give off an odor that is offensive.

C) warning birds that they may not taste good and are not a food source.

D) showing birds that they are attractive to other insects.

18) The taiga biome consists of extreme winters and sizzling summers. Which pair of adaptive behaviors is common among animals

living in the taiga?

A) Migration and hibernation

B) Migration and camouflage

C) Hibernation and camouflage

D) Hibernation and mimicry

19) A student decided to raise geese in his backyard. After the eggs were laid, a fox killed the mother. The student kept the eggs at

the correct temperature and the eggs hatched; the hatchlings viewed the student as their mother.

As the geese developed, they were attached to him as the adult because they exhibited

A) hormonal influence.

B) imprinting behavior.

C) neonate attraction.

D) courtship behavior.

20) An insect commonly referred to as the northern walking stick (Diapheromera femorata) is often found on fruit trees. This insect

resembles a small stick and is well camouflaged by looking like part of the tree.

What is the protective adaptation that this insect exhibits?

A) Disruptive coloration

B) Batesian mimicry

C) Camouflage

D) Müllerian mimicry

21) A behavior of an organism can also be an adaptation. Which of the following is a behavioral adaptation?

A) A desert animal hiding under a rock during the day to escape the Sun's heat

B) The white fur on a polar bear blending it into the snow

C) The blubber on a whale to keep it warm in the cold ocean

D) A lizard camouflaging itself into the surroundings

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22) Owl butterflies have underwings that resemble the head of an owl. It's "false eyes" scare away smaller birds and lizards that

attempt to prey on the butterfly. This adaptation helps them to survive by pretending to be something more dangerous than it

actually is.

This is an example of

A) patterning.

B) mimicry.

C) counterprey techniques.

D) echolocation.

23) Which of the following is a learned behavior of a cave bat?

A) Hibernating or migrating during winter

B) Using echolocation to navigate at night

C) Sleeping during the day and looking for food at night

D) Returning to the same roost each night

24) Warning coloration is most often associated with organisms that are

A) toxic, dangerous, or foul tasting.

B) found in tropical rain forests.

C) aggressive predators.

D) fast moving and hard to catch.

25) During aggressive behavior in wild turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo), often the dominant bird will interrupt their fighting and

aggression to peck at the ground for food. What does this kind of behavior represent?

A) Ritualistic dominance

B) Aggression displacement

C) Feeding distractor

D) Resource dominance

26) Several moth species have dusky black and brown patches on their wings. This feature is most likely an adaptation to

A) allow them to survive when the trees change colors in the autumn.

B) attract mates that prefer less competition than that for the brightly colored mates.

C) discourage mates from breeding to prevent the species from becoming overpopulated.

D) act as camouflage on mottled surfaces, such as tree trunks.

27) Perhaps the most influential factor regulating seasonal migration of woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) is the

A) change in day length.

B) change in average air temperature.

C) reduced availability of food.

D) increased predator pressures.

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28)

The penguins in this reading passage show all of the following types of behavior except

A) parental behavior. B) communication. C) social behavior. D) trial and error.

29) The illustration below shows an insect resting on some green leaves.

The size, shape, and green color of this insect are adaptations that would most likely help the insect to

A) collect large amounts of pollen and nectar.

B) make its own food.

C) hide from predators.

D) avoid toxic waste materials.

30)

This gender change of the clown fish is an example of

A) a sudden gene mutation initiated by competition to attain the highest level in the breeding hierarchy.

B) a way of confusing other species that may be competing for resources on the reef.

C) a phenomenon that cannot be explained through the theory of natural selection.

D) behavioral plasticity in response to environmental need and change.

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Questions 31 through 35 refer to the following:

The diagram below illustrates different regions of the human brain.

31) In the given diagram, which number indicates the region of the human brain that controls reasoning, emotion, and memory?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

32) Which part of the brain in the given diagram is used to control the involuntary movements of the digestive system?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

33) In the given diagram, which number indicates the region of the human brain that is responsible for autonomic functions such as

breathing?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

34) In the given diagram, which number indicates the region of the human brain that maintains balance and coordinates motor

activities?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

35) Injury to which brain part in the given diagram would most likely result in loss of memory?

A) A B) B C) C D) D

36) A student accidentally places her hand on a tack and quickly pulls her hand away. The tack represents

A) an impulse. B) a stimulus. C) a response. D) an effector.

37) Dopamine and serotonin are neurotransmitters in the brain that cause feelings of pleasure when they bind to neurons. How is

consuming chocolate linked to these neurotransmitters producing feelings of pleasure?

A) Sugar in chocolate breaks down in the same way as the chemical dopamine.

B) Butter fat in chocolate binds to neurons in a similar way as serotonin.

C) Chocolate contains small amounts of chemicals that the body uses to make serotonin and dopamine.

D) The brain cannot make serotonin and dopamine without chocolate as a raw material.

38) Parkinson's disease is characterized by tremors and decreased voluntary motor control. The symptoms result from

A) the destruction of neurons in the CNS.

B) the destruction of dopamine-producing neurons.

C) lack of neurotransmitter production.

D) the destruction of synapses between the neurons.

39) The dead or dying neurons contain amyloid plaques or beta-amyloid protein in patients affected by this disease.

A) Alzheimer's disease B) Aphasia C) Depression D) Meningitis

40) The electric signals that are transmitted between the sensory receptors, CNS, and muscles are called

A) tetanus.

B) action potentials.

C) repolarization.

D) resting membrane potentials.

41) What disease is characterized by an inflammation of the brain, most often caused by a virus and less often caused by bacteria or

other agents?

A) Aphasia B) Cerebral palsy C) Encephalitis D) Alzheimers

42) While observing a sleep study, you notice that the patient is exhibiting rapid eye movement (REM). You would expect that during

this stage of sleep the patient would be

A) sleepwalking. B) waking up. C) dreaming. D) drowsy.

43) Receptors within sense organs, such as the skin and eyes, send impulses to the brain by way of the

A) endocrine glands. B) sensory nerves. C) muscles. D) corpus callosum

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Questions 44 through 46 refer to the following:

44) In autopsies of Alzheimer's patients, scientists have found that their brains show abnormal protein deposits within the neurons at

significantly greater levels than those found in normal brains.

Using your knowledge of biology and the given information, a reasonable assumption would be that

A) there is a correlation between abnormal protein deposits in the brain and Alzheimer's symptoms.

B) there is not enough information to say if there is a link between these abnormalities and Alzheimer's symptoms.

C) the tangled neurons form a tight net around the brain, preventing excretion of carbon dioxide and resulting in a toxic uric acid

buildup in the brain tissue.

D) the misfolded protein deposits cause the characteristically jerky movements commonly seen in Alzheimer's patients.

45) Scientists have identified several genes that are linked to Alzheimer's disease. One gene, SORL1 produces a protein that seems to

be responsible for getting rid of the abnormal protein found in Alzheimer's brains.

Using your knowledge of biology and the given information, which of the following is not a good way that scientists could use

this information to aid in Alzheimer's research?

A) Scientists can possibly screen a person for the disease if they exhibit any Alzheimer's-like symptoms.

B) Scientists can use the structure of this gene to help search for other genes that may be associated with Alzheimer's.

C) Scientists can make a drug based on the SORL1 protein and use it to treat Alzheimer's patients.

D) Scientists can test the entire population and determine who will possibly develop Alzheimer's.

46) Use your knowledge of biology and the given information to answer this question.

Alzheimer's disease causes shrinkage of brain tissue, especially in the cerebral cortex. Consequently, this causes all of the

following symptoms except

A) impaired awareness of place, time, or personal identity.

B) short-term memory loss.

C) impaired balance.

D) loss of intellect.

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47) The peripheral nervous system can be divided into which two subcategories?

A) The motor division that transmits action potentials from sensory receptors to the CNS, and the sensory division that

transmits action potentials from the CNS to the muscles and glands

B) The sensory division that transmits action potentials from the spinal cord to the CNS, and the motor division that transmits

action potentials from the brain to the spinal cord

C) The sensory division that transmits action potentials from the brain to the muscles, and the motor division that transmits

action potentials from the muscles to the spinal cord

D) The sensory division that transmits action potentials from sensory receptors to the CNS, and the motor division that

transmits action potentials from the CNS to the muscles and glands

48) Which disorder is a congenital disease characterized by abnormal motor functions?

A) Polio B) Cerebral palsy C) Stroke D) Meningitis

49) A student's ability to think about a question and answer it correctly is directly controlled by what part of the central nervous

system?

A) Cerebellum B) Cerebrum C) Medulla D) Spinal cord

50) This nerve carries parasympathetic fibers to the heart and lungs in the thorax and to the digestive organs and kidneys in the

abdomen.

A) Vagus nerve B) Radial nerve C) Axillary nerve D) Ulnar nerve

51) A blind student runs his fingers along a page of braille. Another student reads a page printed in a textbook. Both students are

able to obtain and process the information most directly as a result of the activities of the

A) interneurons and spinal cord.

B) involuntary muscles and cerebellum.

C) sensory neurons and cerebrum.

D) smooth muscles and medulla.

52) In humans, which substances are synthesized and secreted by the terminal branches of nerve cells?

A) Auxins B) Antibodies C) Vitamins D) Neurotransmitters

53) An action potential is transmitted in a single direction from

A) dendrites to the cell body to the axon.

B) the cell body to the axon.

C) axon to dendrites.

D) axon to cell body to dendrites.

54) The inflammation of the membranes surrounding the central nervous system describes which disorder?

A) Meningitis B) Emphysema C) Angina pectoris D) Leukemia

55) An acrobat walks a tightrope during a high-wire act at the traveling circus. If he is successful at staying on the tightrope, which

part of his nervous system would you predict is functioning in perfect order?

A) Spinal cord, because it is needed for flexibility

B) Cerebellum, because it is responsible for maintaining balance

C) Medulla, because it is responsible for planning and visual processing

D) Cerebrum, because it is needed for steady breathing

56) What part of the nervous system controls breathing, heartbeat, sneezing, and coughing?

A) Cerebrum B) Spinal cord C) Cerebellum D) Medulla

57) A similarity of the human nervous and endocrine systems is that both normally

A) have the same rate of response.

B) have the same duration of response.

C) secrete hormones that travel by way of neurons.

D) secrete chemical messengers.

58) What nervous system disorder is characterized by muscular rigidity, reduced facial expression, tremor, a slow-shuffling gait, and

general lack of movement?

A) Parkinson's disease B) Epilepsy C) Multiple sclerosis D) Alzheimer's disease

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Questions 59 through 61 refer to the following:

59) In which structure in the given diagram is the cerebral cortex located?

A) Cerebellum B) Medulla C) Cerebrum D) Spinal cord

60) What structure in the given diagram coordinates movement?

A) Cerebellum B) Spinal cord C) Cerebrum D) Medulla

61) Which of the following types of functions does the medulla oblongata control?

A) Involuntary

B) Voluntary

C) All bodily functions

D) None of the above

62) Subconscious or involuntary control of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles, and glands occurs through the

A) central nervous system.

B) spinal cord.

C) autonomic nervous system.

D) reflex action.

63) What nerve is responsible for carrying action potentials from the eye to the brain?

A) Trochlear nerve B) Olfactory nerve C) Facial nerve D) Optic nerve

64) The diagram below represents a neuron.

Which number indicates an area where a stimulus is detected and an electrochemical impulse is conducted to the cyton?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

65) What is the input part of the neuron?

A) Dendrite B) Synapse C) Cell body D) Axon

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66) Which part of the human central nervous system is correctly paired with its function?

A) Spinal cord ‡‡ coordinates learning activities

B) Cerebrum ‡‡ serves as the center for memory and reasoning

C) Medulla ‡‡ maintains muscular coordination

D) Cerebellum ‡‡ serves as the center for reflex actions

67) Multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs due to damage or lesions in the myelin sheaths of neurons, which results in

A) the poor conduction of action potentials.

B) an accumulation of toxins.

C) an ineffective brain-barrier.

D) reduced protection from viruses.

68) A loss of memory would most likely be the effect of a disorder of which part of the central nervous system?

A) Medulla B) Spinal cord C) Cerebellum D) Cerebrum

69) A marathon runner breathes steadily throughout the race until she picks up her speed near the end of the course. As her speed

increases, her rate of breathing increases due to the automatic response of her

A) thymus gland. B) cerebellum. C) medulla. D) cerebrum.

70) In the diagram of two neurons shown below, at which point would a substance that interferes with the action of a

neurotransmitter be most effective?

A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4

71) A motor neuron relays impulses from the brain and spinal cord to effectors, such as muscles and glands, so that the body can

A) replace lost blood plasma.

B) react to stimuli.

C) repair damaged body cells.

D) fight off infections.

72) Which of the following activities does the cerebellum control?

A) Running B) Breathing C) Sneezing D) Digestion

73) Major divisions of the human nervous system are

A) brain and the autonomic system.

B) central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

C) brain and the spinal cord.

D) brain and central nervous system.

74) The diagram below represents part of the human nervous system.

The arrows in the diagram show the

A) transport of oxygen in a nerve.

B) movement of a stimulus in a cyton.

C) transfer of an impulse from one neuron to another.

D) response of an effector to a stimulus.

75) In the human nervous system, between what two structures are synapses located?

A) Impulses and receptors

B) Dendrites and cytons

C) Axons and terminal branches

D) Terminal branches and dendrites

76) In humans, which structure is primarily responsible for maintaining balance and coordinating motor activities?

A) Spinal cord B) Cerebellum C) Medulla D) Cerebrum

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77) Which of the following forms the peripheral nervous system?

A) Brain, only

B) Sensory and motor nerves

C) Sense organs, only

D) Nerves and spinal cord

78) If a person drinks too much alcohol and begins to stagger in uncoordinated movements, what part of the nervous system is most

likely being affected?

A) Cerebrum B) Spinal cord C) Medulla D) Cerebellum

79) In order to stimulate an effector in a toe, which pathway does a nerve impulse follow after it is initiated at a receptor?

A) Interneuron ‚ Sensory Neuron ‚ Motor Neuron

B) Sensory Neuron ‚ Motor Neuron ‚ Interneuron

C) Sensory Neuron ‚ Interneuron ‚ Motor Neuron

D) Interneuron ‚ Motor Neuron ‚ Sensory Neuron

80) The junction between a nerve cell and another nerve cell, skeletal muscle cell, cardiac muscle cell, or a gland cell is called a(n)

A) synapse. B) reflex. C) junction. D) interneuron.

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