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Dr.R

U

HalwaturaDepartmentofCivilEngineering

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Whatisawall? , ,

andheight.

Useofawall.External

walls

help

to

provide

shelter

from

our

environment

and

internal

walls

dividebuildingintocompartments.

Theprimefunctionofanexternalwallistoprovideshelteragainstwind,rainand

,

reasonableindoorcomfort.

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o Wa so Wa s Strengthandstability

Resistancetoweatherandgroundmoisture

Durabilityandfreedomfrommaintenance

Firesafety

Resistancetoairborneandimpactsound

Security

Aesthetics

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ofWallsofWalls

Timbershinglewalls

Thatchedwalls

Soilcementblockwork

Sundriedclaybrickwalls

Cabook blockwork

Brickwork

with

burnt

bricks

Cementsandblockwork

Rubblemasonry

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Thatchedwalls

Rubblemasonry

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Timbershinglewalls

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WallsWalls

Theclayusedformanufacturingofbrickscontainshydrousaluminiumsilicate It

contains

impurities

such

as

soda,

potashandlime

Toolittlefiringproducesabrickthatlacksdurabilityandstrength.

Toomuchfiringcausesthebricktomeltpartially.

Theseoverburntbricksarecalledclinkerbricks.

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SriLankanSriLankan forbricks(SLS39:1978)forbricks(SLS39:1978)

Identification Strength(N/mm2) Water absorptionratio

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Theoverlappingarrangementofbricksinordertotiethemtogetherina

massofbrickworkisknownasbondin

Bondingshouldhaveaminimumofverticaljoints.

Itshould

not

be

continuous

in

to

successive

courses.

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ofBondingofBonding

The

bricks

should

be

uniform

in

size

and

shape.

The

length

of

the

brick

mortarjoint.

e

vert ca

o nts

s ou

e

vert ca y

a ove

eac

ot er

n

t e

ternate

courses.

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ofBonding(cont)ofBonding(cont)

The stretchers should be used onl in the facin while heartin should be done in

headersonly.

Thecenterlineoftheheadershouldcoincidewiththecenterofthestretcherin

thecourse

below

or

above

it.

Leastnumberofbatsshouldbeused.

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ofBondsofBonds

Followingarethetypesofbondsusedinbrickmasonry:

Stretcherbond

English

bond

Headerbond

SingleFlemishbond

DoubleFlemishbond

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Allthebricksarelaidwiththeirlengthsinthelongitudinaldirectionofthewall.

s

on

s

on y

use u

or

a

r c

c

par on

wa s.

Inthickerwalls,isbondisnotsuitableasthereisnoproperbondageacross.

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Allthebricksarelaid asheaderstowardsthephaseofwalls.

Thisis

suitable

for

one

brick

thick

wall.

.

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HeaderBond

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.

Aqueencloserisplacedafterthefirstheaderintheheadercoursesto

stagger

t e

vert ca

o nts

o

success ve

courses.

Thisbondtypeisverycommonlyuseinalltypesofconstructions

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pointsinEnglishbondConstructionspointsinEnglishbondConstructions

ea ercourses ou neverstartw t aqueenc oser.

Aqueencloserisproviderafterthequoinheader.

Eachalternateheaderiscentrallyplacedoverastretcher.

Thereshould

not

be

continues

vertical

joint

except

at

stopped

end.

Theheartingofthickerwallsconsistofonlyheaders.

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arrangementisknownasDoubleFlemishBond

AppearanceisbetterthantheEnglishbond

Batsareessentiallyused

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ImportantpointsinFlemish BondImportantpointsinFlemish Bondons ruc onsons ruc ons

Ineachcoursestretchersandheadersarealternatelyplaced

Thequeencloserisplacednexttothequoinheaderinalternatecourses

tobreakthecontinuityoftheverticaljoints

Aheader

in

any

course

is

centrally

supported

over

stretcher

below

it

Batsareusedforwallsequaltooddnumberofhalfbrick

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OneandhalfBrickThick

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BondBond

Thisbond

t es

stren th

is

e ual

to

standard

brick

wall

but

consumes

20%

lessbricks.

Thistypeofwallsaremoreearthquakeresistant.

Theairmediumthatiscreatedbythebondhelpsmaintainingagoodthermal

comfort

inside

the

building. Theoverallcostsavingonthiswallcomparedtothetraditionalbrickwallis

about26%.

,allowingaspaceofaboutbetweenbricks.

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