8/28/97Information Organization and Retrieval Bibliographic Records, Data Structures and Databases (Cont.) University of California, Berkeley School of

8/28/97 Information Organization and Retrieval

Bibliographic Records, Data Structures and Databases (Cont.)

University of California, Berkeley

School of Information Management and Systems

SIMS 202: Information Organization and Retrieval


Today

• MELVYL access issues

• Review of last time

• More on bibliographic description and rules

• Structured and unstructured data and information.

• Files and Databases


Review

• Metadata systems

• Bibliographic information

• Bibliographic records


Type of Metadata systems and standards

• Naming and ID systems

• Bibliographic description– Texts

• Music

• Images and objects

• Numeric Data

• Geospatial Data

• Collections


Bibliographic Information• Describes documents

• What is a document (revisited)?

• Choice of descriptive elements and content of those elements typically governed by a set of rules:– AACR II

• Elements coded in standard ways for transmission.– MARC


Goals of Descriptive Cataloging• 1. To enable a person to find a document of which

– the author, or– the title, or– the subject is known

• 2. To show what a library has– by a given author– on a given subject (and related subjects)– in a given kind (or form) of literature.

• 3. To assist in the choice of a document– as to its edition (bibliographically)– as to its character (literary or topical)

Charles A. Cutter, 1876


AACRII

• Sources of Information

• ISBD areas

• Choice of Access Points


Sources of Information• Each different type of material has a preferred

location for deriving information about it.– Books and printed material

• Title page

– Cartographic Materials (Maps, globes, etc)• The map itself, or containers, stands, etc.

– Sound recordings• Disc label, cassette label, etc.


ISBD Areas• Title and Statement of Responsibility• Edition• Material or type of publication specification• Publication, Distribution (etc.) • Physical Description• Series • Notes• Standard Numbers


MELVYL Access

• Assignment 2 is best done by using the TELNET program to do command-line searching.

• MELVYL Address : melvyl.ucop.edu

• MARC format only available in TELNET mode


ISBD Punctuation• Title Proper (GMD) = Parallel title : other title

info / First statement of responsibility ; others. -- Edition information. -- Material. -- Place of Publication : Publisher Name, Date. -- Material designation and extent ; Dimensions of item. -- (Title of Series / Statement of responsibility). -- Notes. -- Standard numbers: terms of availability (qualifications).


Bibliographic Record

• Introduction to cataloging and classification / Bohdan S. Wynar. -- 8th ed. / Arlene G. Taylor. -- Englewood, Colo. : Libraries Unlimited, 1992. -- (Library science text series).


Dublin Core• TITLE: Introduction to cataloging and classification• CREATOR: Taylor, Arlene G.• OTHER CONTRIBUTOR: Wynar, Bohdan S.• DATE: 1992• FORMAT: BOOK• LANGUAGE: ENG• PAGES: 633• PUBLISHER: Libraries Unlimited• SUBJECT: Cataloging.• SUBJECT: subject cataloging.• SUBJECT: Classification -- Books• DESCRIPTION: Textbook on cataloging and classification• RESOURCE TYPE: text.monograph• RESOURCE IDENTIFIER: (ISBN) 0872879674


RFC 1807• BIB-VERSION:: CS-TR-v2.1• ID:: UCB//123456• ENTRY:: September 9, 1997• TYPE:: BOOK• TITLE:: Introduction to cataloging and classification• AUTHOR:: Wynar, Bohdan S.• AUTHOR:: Taylor, Arlene G.• DATE:: 1992• PAGES:: 633• COPYRIGHT:: Libraries Unlimited, 1992• SERIES:: Library Science Text Series• END:: UCB//123456


Minimal TEI Header• <teiHeader>• <fileDesc>• <titleStmt>• <title> Introduction to cataloging and classification</title>• <respStmt><name>Bohdan S. Wynar<resp> 8th edition by</resp>• <name>Arlene G. Taylor</name>• </respStmt>• </titleStmt>• <publicationStmt>• <distributor>Libraries Unlimited</distributor>• </publicationStmt>• <sourceDesc>• <bibl> Introduction to cataloging and classification / Bohdan S. Wynar. -- 8th

ed. / Arlene G. Taylor. -- Englewood, Colo. : Libraries Unlimited, 1992. • </bibl>• </sourceDesc>• </fileDesc>• <teiHeader>


MARC Record (display)• ID:DCLC9124851-B RTYP:c ST:p FRN: MS:c EL: AD:06-20-91• CC:9110 BLT:am DCF:a CSC: MOD: SNR: ATC: UD:04-11-92• CP:cou L:eng INT: GPC: BIO: FIC:0 CON:b• PC:s PD:1992/ REP: CPI:0 FSI:0 ILC:a II:1• MMD: OR: POL: DM: RR: COL: EML: GEN: BSE:• 010 9124851• 020 0872878112 (cloth)• 020 0872879674 (paper)• 040 DLC$cDLC$dDLC• 050 00 Z693$b.W94 1991• 082 00 025.3$220• 100 1 Wynar, Bohdan S.• 245 10 Introduction to cataloging and classification /$cBohdan S. Wynar.• 250 8th ed. /$bArlene G. Taylor.• 260 Englewood, Colo. :$bLibraries Unlimited,$c1992.• 300 xvii, 633 p. :$bill. ;$c24 cm.• 440 0 Library science text series• 504 Includes bibliographical references (p. 591-599) and index.• 650 0 Cataloging.• 650 0 Subject cataloging.• 650 0 Classification$xBooks.• 630 00 Anglo-American cataloguing rules.• 700 10 Taylor, Arlene G.,$d1941-


Choice of Access Points• Title(s) (Always main title)

– Uniform titles?• Main Entry??

– Form of name?• Added Entries

– Form of name?• Series Titles• Identifying Numbers• We will return to access points (particularly

authority files and topical or subject access)


Files and Databases• File: A collection of records or documents

dealing with one organization, person, area or subject. (Rowley)– Manual (paper) files– Computer files

• Database: A collection of similar records with relationships between the records. (Rowley)– bibliographic, statistical, business data, images, etc.


Database

• A Database is a collection of stored operational data used by the application systems of some particular enterprise. (C.J. Date)– Paper “Databases”

• Still contain a large portion of the world’s knowledge

– File-Based Data Processing Systems• Early batch processing of (primarily) business data

– Database Management Systems (DBMS)


Database Data Models

• Hierarchical Model– Similar to data structures in programming

languages.Books

(id, title)

Publisher SubjectsAuthors

(first, last)



• Network Model– Provides for single entries of data and

navigational “links” through chains of data.

Subjects Books

Authors

Publishers



• Relational Model– Provides a conceptually simple model for data

as relations (typically considered “tables”) with all data visible.

Book ID Title pubid Author id1 Introductio 2 12 The history 4 23 New stuff ab 3 34 Another title 2 45 And yet more 1 5

pubid pubname1 Harper2 Addison3 Oxford4 Que

Authorid Author name1 Smith2 Wynar3 Jones4 Duncan5 Applegate

Subid Subject1 cataloging2 history3 stuff

Book ID Subid1 22 13 34 24 3



• Object Oriented Data Model– Encapsulates data and operations as “Objects”

Books(id, title)

Publisher SubjectsAuthors

(first, last)


Database Design Process

ConceptualModel

LogicalModel

External Model

Conceptual requirements




Application 1

Application 1

Application 2 Application 3 Application 4

Application 2

Application 3

Application 4

External Model

External Model

External Model

Internal Model


Database Design Process• Conceptual Requirements

– Systems Analysis Process• Examine all of the information sources used in existing

applications• Identify the characteristics of each data element

– numeric– text– date/time– etc.

• Examine the tasks carried out using the information• Examine results or reports created using the information



• Conceptual Model– Merge the collective needs of all applications– Determine what Entities are being used

• Some object about which information is to maintained

– What are the Attributes of those entities?• Properties or characteristics of the entity• What attributes uniquely identify the entity

– What are the Relationships between entities• How the entities interact with each other?



• Logical Model– How is each entity and relationship represented

in the Data Model of the DBMS• Hierarchic?

• Network?

• Relational?

• Object-Oriented?



• Internal Model– Choices of index file structure– Choices of data storage formats– Choices of disk layout



• External Model– User views of the integrated database – Making the old (or updated) applications work

with the new database design


Next Time

• Conceptual Design of Databases

• Entity-Relationship Diagrams

Documents

8/28/97Information Organization and Retrieval Bibliographic Records, Data Structures and Databases (Cont.) University of California, Berkeley School of