8th Grade Music

Trimester 3 Notes

Classical Composers to remember

Write down in journal nationality and one musical composition, and a fact about composer’s life.

Sir Edward Elgar Pomp and CircumstanceEnglish, Late Romantic, Wrote in 20th century.

Claude Debussy: French, Lived in Paris, friends with impressionistic artist (Monet, Renoir)

Clair de Lune (Impressionism)Scott Joplin: The Entertainer 1902 late Romantic/King of

Ragtime 1868-1917, American composer Maple Leaf Rag 1899 for piano in St. Louis, MO

Jazz HistoryNEW ORLEANS 1910-1920 CENTER FOR JAZZBlues ( started in St. Louis,MO) Ma Rainey: Mother of the Blues W. C. Handy: Father of the Blues Billie Holliday: Blues singer through 1930’sRagtime (St. Louis*/Kansas City) Scott Joplin King of Ragtime

Dixieland Jazz Louis Armstrong King of Jazz

Twentieth ComposersGeorge Gershwin American composers, of songs for Broadway, Girl Crazy, Strike up the Band, Wrote a Jazz Opera PORGY AND BESS, RHAPSODY in BLUE (concerto for Piano) and American in Paris (ballet) CHARLES IVES: Ignored through his life, Variations on America, Harmonies “Scary” (dissonant/not harmonious)

Aaron Copland: Listening to Appalachian SpringSimple Gifts, THEME AND VARIATION : A melody is played as written and then repeated in various changes to Melody, Rhythm, Harmony, or Tempo

Leonard Bernstein; American Composer, Lived in NY, conductor for New York Philharmonic Orchestra….Composed Classical pieces ex Chichester Psalms, a musical: West Side Story,

John Williams: American Composer, Wrote Star Wars performing rhythms on p 82 AND 83, In JournalLIKES AND DISLIKES OF THE Olympic FANFARE (YOUTUBE)Watching Video Lincoln Portrait Write a review of music in journal

John Cage: American Composer, Using Electronic items like Tape recorder, and Computer and Radio to compose electronic piecesWATCH THE FOLLOWING PERFORMANCESDream4 min, 33 secPiano Concerto 1/2/3IN JOURNAL….WHAT DO YOU THINK OF CAGE’S Music….. Likes? Dislikes?

Tri 3 Music Terms1. Virtuoso: A skilled musician Ex: Chopin, Mozart, Beethoven, 2. Leitmotif: Repeating musical phrase for a character or idea (idea fixe: a fixed idea)3.Program Music: Music that tells a story Ex: Sorcerer’s Apprentice4. Aria: vocal solo to show off vocal skills5.Recitative: dialogue sung in an opera6.Opera: play with everything is sung Ex: Porgy and Bess, Phantom of the Opera,

Les Miserables, Joseph And His Technicolor Dreamcoat

7. Prodigy: Young talented person

Sousa

• pizzicato: short, detached..staccato notes• March King…writing over 100 American

marches for Concert and Marching Band• Sousaphone was named after John Phillip

Sousa.• Form of music: Can you figure out the Form

Sousa used by listening to the Stars and Stripes Forever…his most famous march! Do you recognize it?

• Intro--A-A…B-B…C- D- C (2 piccolos)-D-C

1900-1910

• Stars and Stripes Forever (1901)

• Won’t You Come Home, Bill Bailey (1902)

• The Entertainer (1902)

• School Days (1907)

• Take Me Out to the Ball Game (1908)

• Let Me Call You Sweetheart (1910)

Twentieth Century Music

• Review Assessment on composers • week of April 16, 2012• Extra credit….to play any classical pieces from

20th Century/

Now to Pop music of the 20th century

Music is studied by style (20th century, jazz, Rock and Roll) and decades (1900’s, 1910’s, 1920’s Etc.)Put them in order in your music journal and complete the review…for Sousa, Joplin, Dixieland Jazz .

Dixieland Jazz (1910-1920)

• Across• 1 Jazz Rhythm:Syncopation (off beat rhythm)• 3 Louis Armstrong….King of Jazz, famous

trumpet player….through 1917-----1970’s• 4 .12 Bar Blues• Making up a melody: IMPROVISING• 7: CLARINET• 8. Buddy Bolton• 9.Call and Response: Song form Solo/chorus• All American Music!

Jazz cont

• Down

• 1 Scat singing…Louis sang like an instruments sounds…syllable..nonsense!

• 2 Trumpet ..instrument of Louis Armstrong

• 5 Original Dixieland Jazz Band still playing today! First all white jazz band because they jazz available everywhere!

Music from World War 1

• George M. Cohan: H-a-r-r-i-g-a-n, Mary, You’re a Grand Old Flag, Give My Regards to Broadway, and Yankee Doodle Dandy…the first “Mr. Broadway”

• Military and Patriotic Songs: Over There (1917) • Other famous songs from this decade (1910-

1919) Alexander’s Ragtime Band (1911) Danny Boy (1913) St. Louis Blues (1914) It’s a Long Way to Tipperary (1915)

•

Jazz Centers in the U.S.A1910-1920’s: New Orleans, LA

Louis Armstrong, Billie Holiday, Ma Rainey (Ist to record blues on a record) and W.C. Handy. “ Father of the Blues”

Closing the “Honky-Tonk” district..musicians moved north to St. Louis…Kansas City

1920’s -30’s Chicago the big center for JAZZ “Roaring Twenties” Louis….go to NY…broke the color barrier.

1930-40’s New York, NY became the place to go to be successful….Glenn Miller, Tommy Dorsey, and Benny Goodman: The King of Swing, Duke Ellington.

Gene Krupa: Drummer; BIG BANDS..SWING BANDS…JAZZ BAND Music had to be Orchestrated…

Orchestration: Writing music for an ensemble!

Early Jazz Singers

• Billie Holiday: Jazz singer of the 1920’s and 30’s Sang God Bless the Child

• Ma Rainey: Early blues recording artist nicknamed” Mother of the Blues”

• W. C. Handy: Song writer and wrote a book about the Blues songs… Wrote “St. Louis Blues” “Father of the Blues”

Before World War II • Irving Berlin, an American composer who wrote over 900 songs. • Irving Berlin: He wrote God Bless America and first sung by Kate Smith• He was a composer on Broadway and Hollywood during the 30’s and 40’s. Remembered for • “ White Christmas” and GOD BLESS AMERICA in 1938.

• BIG BAND LEADERS: The popular song style was “SWING”• Orchestrations: 4-5 Trumpets….4-5 Saxs/Clarinets….4-5 Trombones….• A Rhythm Section: Double Bass, Drummer, piano player, Singer out front, • BIG BAND LEADERS: SOLO on instrument in front of band.• Duke Ellington (piano player): Big Band leader of the 1930-60’s He played piano and lead an

all black band in the Swing Era. Song to remember: “Caravan” or “Take the A Train”

• Benny Goodman (Clarinet): “THE KING OF SWING” Benny Played clarinet and integrated his band with black musicians in the early 30’s through the 50’s.

• Gene Krupa: Famous Drummer in Benny’s Band• Song to remember: “Sing, Sing, Sing”

• Glenn Miller (Trombone): Popular bandleader of the 1930-1944. He died tragically during World War II while entertaining the troops overseas. He played trombone and arranged music with a whole “new sound” for jazz bands. Song to remember: “In the Mood”. His band is still touring America. Tragically he died before the end of World War II. His band is still touring America….the songs go on.

HOLLYWOOD, CA• During the 1920’s movies were silentFirst movie with sound: Singers became famous and popular in the early days of movies

Al Jolson “ Swanee”, Shirley Temple Movies : The Little Colonel and Bright Eyes:

“On the Good Ship Lollipop” Bill Robinson: His nickname “Mr. Bojangles”, tap dancer and

singer Judy Garland “ Over the Rainbow”, Meet me in St. Louis Name some other famous singers….

Popular Composers of Song

• George M. Cohan: Little Johnny Jones, Yankee Doodle Dandy, Give My Regards to Broadway, You’re a Grand Old Flag

• Cole Porter: You’re the Top

• Irving Berlin: GOD BLESS AMERICA, White Christmas,

• Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein: Sound of Music, Cinderella, South Pacific

More Broadway Composers

• Gilbert and Sullivan: Pirates of Penzance

• George Gershwin: Porgy and Bess, An American In Paris

• Leonard Bernstein : West Side Story

• Stephen Schwartz: Godspell

• Andrew Lloyd Weber: Phantom of the Opera, Cats, and Joseph and His Technicolor Dreamcoat

Rock and Roll

• Origins in Country and Western (Southwestern Folk music) merging with Rhythm and Blues (Jazz)

Early Rock and Roll Singers 1955 Chuck Berry, Bill Haley and The Comets Buddy Holly, Elvis Presley, and Richie Valens, Allen Freed, A DJ to coin the term “ROCK AND ROLL”Rock and Roll Center in the 1950’s: Philadelphia,

PA….Little Richie…Michael Jackson, Chubby Checker (The Twist). The Supremes, Frankie Avalon

Dick Clark’s AMERICAN BANDSTAND…first TV show for ROCK AND ROLL

The Rock and Roll Museum is in Cleavland, Oh

MOTOWN

• Detroit, MI…..The Four Tops: My Girl

• The Supremes, You Can’t Hurry Love, Stop In The Name Of Love

• Wipe Out

• THE BEATLES….1963 to the Ed Sullivan

• THE BRITS….Rolling Stones, Hermit’s Hermits,

The 60’s

• Soft Rock; Beatles, The Carpenters, The Monkees,

• Folk Rock: Simon and Garfunkel

• Hard Rock: Beatles, Pink Floyd,

• Led Zepplin

• Classical Rock: Beatles

• Pschydelic Rock; Beatles, Iron Butterfly

The 70’s to 80’s

• Punk Rock• Kiss• The Clash• Billy Joel• Bob Seger• Whitney Houston• Talking Heads, B-52s, Men Without Hats,

Metalica

The 90’s

• Nirvana

• The Foo Fighters

• Madonna

• Billy Joel

• Bruce Springsteen

• Bon Jovi New Jersery

• Aretha Franklin

2000-2010

• Taylor Swift• Justin Bieber• Carey Underwood• Kelly Clarkson• Reba Mackintire• Christina Aguilara• Listen…music evolves…hits….to remain

forever popular…..