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8. S
olid
Mod
elin
g
Solid
Mod
elin
gO
verv
iew
�Im
port
ing
geom
etry
is c
onve
nien
t, bu
t som
etim
es y
ou m
ay
need
to c
reat
eit
in A
NSY
S. S
ome
poss
ible
reas
ons:
�Yo
u m
ay n
eed
to b
uild
a p
aram
etric
mod
el �
one
defin
ed in
te
rms
of v
aria
bles
for l
ater
use
in d
esig
n op
timiz
atio
n or
se
nsiti
vity
stu
dies
.�
The
geom
etry
may
not
be
avai
labl
e in
�im
port
able
� fo
rmat
.�
The
Con
nect
ion
prod
uct y
ou n
eed
may
not
be
avai
labl
e on
you
r co
mpu
ter p
latfo
rm.
�A
NSY
S ha
s an
ext
ensi
ve s
et o
f geo
met
ry c
reat
ion
tool
s,
whi
ch w
e w
ill d
iscu
ss in
this
cha
pter
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g...
Ove
rvie
w
�To
pics
cov
ered
:A
. D
efin
ition
sB
. To
p-D
own
Mod
elin
g�
Prim
itive
s�
Wor
king
Pla
ne�
Boo
lean
Ope
ratio
nsC
. W
orks
hop
D.
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g�
Key
poin
ts�
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
ems
�Li
nes,
Are
as, V
olum
es�
Ope
ratio
nsE.
Wor
ksho
p
Solid
Mod
elin
gD
efin
ition
s
�So
lid M
odel
ing
can
be d
efin
ed a
s th
e pr
oces
s of
cr
eatin
g so
lid m
odel
s.
�Le
t�s re
view
som
e ea
rlier
def
initi
ons:
�A
sol
id m
odel
is d
efin
ed b
y vo
lum
es, a
reas
, lin
es,
and
keyp
oint
s.�
Volu
mes
are
bou
nded
by
area
s, a
reas
by
lines
, an
d lin
es b
yke
ypoi
nts.
�H
iera
rchy
of e
ntiti
es fr
om lo
w to
hig
h:ke
ypoi
nts
⌫lin
es ⌫
area
s ⌫
volu
mes
. Yo
u ca
nnot
del
ete
an e
ntity
if a
hig
her-
orde
r ent
ity is
atta
ched
to it
.
�A
lso,
a m
odel
with
just
are
as a
nd b
elow
, suc
h as
a
shel
l or 2
-D p
lane
mod
el, i
s st
ill c
onsi
dere
d a
solid
mod
el in
AN
SYS
term
inol
ogy.
Volu
mes
Area
s
Line
s &
Keyp
oint
s
Keyp
oint
sLi
nes
Area
sVo
lum
es
Solid
Mod
elin
g...
Def
initi
ons
�Th
ere
are
two
appr
oach
es to
cre
atin
g a
solid
mod
el:
�To
p-do
wn
�B
otto
m-u
p
�To
p-do
wn
mod
elin
gst
arts
with
a d
efin
ition
of v
olum
es (o
r ar
eas)
, whi
ch a
re th
en c
ombi
ned
in s
ome
fash
ion
to c
reat
e th
e fin
al s
hape
.
add
Solid
Mod
elin
g...
Def
initi
ons
�B
otto
m-u
p m
odel
ing
star
ts w
ithke
ypoi
nts,
from
whi
ch y
ou
�bui
ld u
p� li
nes,
are
as, e
tc.
�Yo
u m
ay c
hoos
e w
hich
ever
app
roac
h be
st s
uits
the
shap
e of
th
e m
odel
, and
als
o fr
eely
com
bine
both
met
hods
.
�W
e w
ill n
ow d
iscu
ss e
ach
mod
elin
g ap
proa
ch in
det
ail.
Solid
Mod
elin
gB
. To
p-D
own
Mod
elin
g
�To
p-do
wn
mod
elin
g st
arts
with
a d
efin
ition
of v
olum
es (o
r ar
eas)
, whi
ch a
re th
en c
ombi
ned
in s
ome
fash
ion
to c
reat
e th
e fin
al s
hape
.�
The
volu
mes
or a
reas
that
you
initi
ally
def
ine
are
calle
d pr
imiti
ves.
�Pr
imiti
ves
are
loca
ted
and
orie
nted
with
the
help
of t
he w
orki
ng
plan
e.�
The
com
bina
tions
use
d to
pro
duce
the
final
sha
pe a
re c
alle
d B
oole
an o
pera
tions
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
Prim
itive
s
�Pr
imiti
ves
are
pred
efin
ed g
eom
etric
sha
pes
such
as
circ
les,
po
lygo
ns, a
nd s
pher
es.
�2-
D p
rimiti
ves
incl
ude
rect
angl
es, c
ircle
s, tr
iang
les,
and
oth
er
poly
gons
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...Pr
imiti
ves
�3-
D p
rimiti
ves
incl
ude
bloc
ks, c
ylin
ders
, pris
ms,
sph
eres
, and
co
nes.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...Pr
imiti
ves
�W
hen
you
crea
te a
2-D
prim
itive
, AN
SYS
defin
es a
n ar
ea,
alon
g w
ith it
s un
derly
ing
lines
and
keyp
oint
s.
�W
hen
you
crea
te a
3-D
prim
itive
, AN
SYS
defin
es a
vol
ume ,
al
ong
with
its
unde
rlyin
g ar
eas,
line
s an
dke
ypoi
nts.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...Pr
imiti
ves
�Yo
u ca
n cr
eate
prim
itive
s by
spe
cify
ing
thei
r dim
ensi
ons
or
by p
icki
ng lo
catio
ns in
the
grap
hics
win
dow
.�
For e
xam
ple,
to c
reat
e a
solid
circ
le:
�Pr
epro
cess
or >
-Mod
elin
g-C
reat
e >
-Are
as-C
ircle
>
Inst
ruct
ions
Pick
er
Pick
the
cent
er a
nd ra
dius
in g
raph
ics
win
dow
...
By p
icki
ng
...O
r ent
er v
alue
s he
re
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...Pr
imiti
ves
�To
cre
ate
a bl
ock:
�Pr
epro
cess
or >
-Mod
elin
g-C
reat
e >
-Vol
umes
-Blo
ck >
Inst
ruct
ions
Pick
er
Pick
the
desi
red
loca
tions
in g
raph
ics
win
dow
...
By p
icki
ng
...O
r ent
er v
alue
s he
re
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
Wor
king
Pla
ne
�Th
e �W
P� in
the
prom
pts
and
in th
e pi
cker
sta
nds
for
Wor
king
Pla
ne�
a m
ovab
le, 2
-D re
fere
nce
plan
e us
ed to
lo
cate
and
orie
nt p
rimiti
ves.
�B
y de
faul
t, th
e W
P or
igin
coi
ncid
es w
ith th
e gl
obal
orig
in, b
ut
you
can
mov
e it
and/
or ro
tate
it to
any
des
ired
posi
tion.
�B
y di
spla
ying
a g
rid, y
ou c
an u
se th
e W
P as
a �
draw
ing
tabl
et.�
WX
WY
X2X1Y2
Y1
WX
WY
WP
(X,Y
)
width
heigh
t
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...W
orki
ng P
lane
�A
ll w
orki
ng p
lane
con
trol
s ar
e in
Util
ity
Men
u >
Wor
kPla
ne.
�Th
e W
P Se
tting
sm
enu
cont
rols
the
follo
win
g:�
WP
disp
lay
-tria
d on
ly (d
efau
lt), g
rid o
nly,
or
bot
h.�
Snap
-al
low
s yo
u to
pic
k lo
catio
ns o
n th
e W
P ea
sily
by
�sna
ppin
g� th
e cu
rsor
to th
e ne
ares
t grid
poi
nt.
�G
rid s
paci
ng -
the
dist
ance
bet
wee
n gr
id
lines
.�
Grid
siz
e -h
ow m
uch
of th
e (in
finite
) w
orki
ng p
lane
is d
ispl
ayed
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...W
orki
ng P
lane
�Yo
u ca
n m
ove
the
wor
king
pl
ane
to a
ny d
esire
d po
sitio
n us
ing
the
Offs
etan
d Al
ign
men
us.
�O
ffset
WP
by In
crem
ents
��
Use
the
push
but
tons
(with
in
crem
ent s
et b
y sl
ider
).�
Or t
ype
in th
e de
sire
d in
crem
ents
.�
Or u
se d
ynam
ic m
ode
(sim
ilar t
o pa
n-zo
om-
rota
te).
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...W
orki
ng P
lane
�O
ffset
WP
to >
This
sim
ply
�tra
nsla
tes�
the
WP,
m
aint
aini
ng it
s cu
rren
t orie
ntat
ion,
to
the
desi
red
dest
inat
ion,
whi
ch
can
be:
�Ex
istin
gke
ypoi
nt(s
). P
icki
ng
mul
tiple
keyp
oint
sm
oves
WP
to
thei
r ave
rage
loca
tion.
�Ex
istin
g no
de(s
).�
Coo
rdin
ate
loca
tion(
s).
�G
loba
l orig
in.
�O
rigin
of t
he a
ctiv
e co
ordi
nate
sy
stem
(dis
cuss
ed la
ter)
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...W
orki
ng P
lane
�Al
ign
WP
with
>Th
is re
orie
nts
the
WP.
�Fo
r exa
mpl
e, A
lign
WP
with
Keyp
oint
spr
ompt
s yo
u to
pic
k 3
keyp
oint
s-o
ne a
t the
orig
in, o
ne
to d
efin
e th
e X-
axis
, and
one
to
defin
e th
e X-
Y pl
ane.
�To
retu
rn th
e W
P to
its
defa
ult
posi
tion
(at g
loba
l orig
in, o
n gl
obal
X-Y
pla
ne),
clic
k on
Alig
n W
P w
ith >
Glo
bal C
arte
sian
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
Boo
lean
Ope
ratio
ns
�B
oole
an o
pera
tions
are
com
puta
tions
invo
lvin
g co
mbi
natio
ns
of g
eom
etric
ent
ities
. A
NSY
S B
oole
an o
pera
tions
incl
ude
add,
sub
trac
t, in
ters
ect,
divi
de, g
lue,
and
over
lap.
�Th
e �i
nput
� to
Boo
lean
ope
ratio
ns c
an b
e an
y ge
omet
ric
entit
y, ra
ngin
g fr
om s
impl
e pr
imiti
ves
to c
ompl
icat
ed
volu
mes
impo
rted
from
a C
AD
sys
tem
.
add
Inpu
t ent
ities
Bool
ean
oper
atio
nO
utpu
t ent
ity(ie
s)
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...B
oole
an O
pera
tions
�A
ll B
oole
an o
pera
tions
are
ava
ilabl
e in
the
GU
I und
er
Prep
roce
ssor
> -M
odel
ing-
Ope
rate
.
�B
y de
faul
t, in
put e
ntiti
es o
f a B
oole
an o
pera
tion
are
dele
ted
afte
r the
ope
ratio
n.
�D
elet
ed e
ntity
num
bers
bec
ome
�fre
e� (i
.e.,
they
will
be
assi
gned
to a
new
ent
ity c
reat
ed, s
tart
ing
with
the
low
est
avai
labl
e nu
mbe
r).
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...B
oole
an O
pera
tions
�A
dd �C
ombi
nes
two
or m
ore
entit
ies
into
one
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...B
oole
an O
pera
tions
�G
lue
�A
ttach
es tw
o or
mor
e en
titie
s by
cre
atin
g a
com
mon
bou
ndar
y be
twee
n th
em.
�U
sefu
l whe
n yo
u w
ant t
o m
aint
ain
the
dist
inct
ion
betw
een
entit
ies
(suc
h as
for d
iffer
ent m
ater
ials
).
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...B
oole
an O
pera
tions
�O
verla
p�
Sam
e as
glu
e, e
xcep
t tha
t the
inpu
t ent
ities
ove
rlap
each
oth
er.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...B
oole
an O
pera
tions
�Su
btra
ct�
Rem
oves
the
over
lapp
ing
port
ion
of o
ne o
r mor
e en
titie
s fr
om a
se
t of �
base
� en
titie
s.�
Use
ful f
or c
reat
ing
hole
s or
trim
min
g of
f por
tions
of a
n en
tity.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...B
oole
an O
pera
tions
�D
ivid
e�
Cut
s an
ent
ity in
to tw
o or
mor
e pi
eces
that
are
stil
l con
nect
ed to
ea
ch o
ther
by
com
mon
bou
ndar
ies.
�Th
e �c
uttin
g to
ol�
may
be
the
wor
king
pla
ne, a
n ar
ea, a
line
, or
even
a v
olum
e.�
Use
ful f
or �
slic
ing
and
dici
ng�
a co
mpl
icat
ed v
olum
e in
to
sim
pler
vol
umes
for b
rick
mes
hing
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...B
oole
an O
pera
tions
�In
ters
ect
�K
eeps
onl
y th
e ov
erla
ppin
g po
rtio
n of
two
or m
ore
entit
ies.
�If
ther
e ar
e m
ore
than
two
inpu
t ent
ities
, you
hav
e tw
o ch
oice
s:co
mm
onin
ters
ectio
n an
dpa
irwis
ein
ters
ectio
n�
Com
mon
inte
rsec
tion
finds
the
com
mon
over
lapp
ing
regi
on
amon
g al
l inp
ut e
ntiti
es.
�Pa
irwis
ein
ters
ectio
n fin
ds th
e ov
erla
ppin
g re
gion
for e
ach
pair
of e
ntiti
es a
nd m
ay p
rodu
ce m
ore
than
one
out
put e
ntity
.
Com
mon
inte
rsec
tion
Pairw
ise
inte
rsec
tion
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...B
oole
an O
pera
tions
�Pa
rtiti
on�
Cut
s tw
o or
mor
e in
ters
ectin
g en
titie
s in
to m
ultip
le p
iece
s th
atar
e st
ill c
onne
cted
to e
ach
othe
r by
com
mon
bou
ndar
ies.
�U
sefu
l, fo
r exa
mpl
e, to
find
the
inte
rsec
tion
poin
t of t
wo
lines
and
still
reta
in a
ll fo
ur li
ne s
egm
ents
, as
show
n be
low
. (A
n in
ters
ectio
n op
erat
ion
wou
ld re
turn
the
com
mon
keyp
oint
and
dele
te b
oth
lines
.)
L1
L2
L3
L6
L5L4
Part
ition
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
...B
oole
an O
pera
tions
�D
emo:
��D
rill�
a h
ole
by s
ubtr
actin
g a
circ
le fr
om a
rect
angl
e (o
r a
cylin
der f
rom
a b
lock
)�
Cre
ate
two
over
lapp
ing
entit
ies,
sav
e db
, and
do
the
over
lap
oper
atio
n. N
ow re
sum
e db
and
add
the
entit
ies.
Not
e th
e di
ffere
nce
betw
een
the
two
oper
atio
ns.
(Glu
e is
sim
ilar t
o ov
erla
p.)
�In
tere
stin
g m
odel
:�
bloc
k,-2
,2, 0
,2, -
2,2
�sp
here
,2.5
,2.7
�vi
nv,a
ll
! int
erse
ctio
n
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Top-
Dow
n M
odel
ing
C.
Wor
ksho
p
�R
efer
to y
our W
orks
hop
Supp
lem
entf
or in
stru
ctio
ns o
n:W
6. P
illow
Blo
ck
Solid
Mod
elin
gD
. B
otto
m-U
p M
odel
ing
�B
otto
m-u
p m
odel
ing
begi
ns w
ith a
def
initi
on o
fkey
poin
ts,
from
whi
ch o
ther
ent
ities
are
�bu
ilt u
p.�
�To
bui
ld a
n L-
shap
ed o
bjec
t, fo
r exa
mpl
e, y
ou c
ould
sta
rt b
y de
finin
g th
e co
rner
keyp
oint
sas
sho
wn
belo
w.
You
can
then
cr
eate
the
area
by
sim
ply
�con
nect
ing
the
dots
� or
by
first
de
finin
g lin
es a
nd th
en d
efin
ing
the
area
by
lines
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
gK
eypo
ints
�To
def
ine
keyp
oint
s:�
Prep
roce
ssor
> -M
odel
ing-
Cre
ate
>Ke
ypoi
nts
�O
r use
the
Kfa
mily
of c
omm
ands
: K,
KF
ILL,
KN
OD
E, e
tc.
�Th
e on
ly d
ata
need
ed to
cre
ate
ake
ypoi
ntis
the
keyp
oint
num
ber a
nd th
e co
ordi
nate
loca
tion.
�K
eypo
intn
umbe
r def
aults
to th
e ne
xt a
vaila
ble
num
ber.
�Th
e co
ordi
nate
loca
tion
may
be
prov
ided
by
sim
ply
pick
ing
loca
tions
on
the
wor
king
pla
ne o
r by
ente
ring
the
X,Y,
Z va
lues
.H
ow a
re th
e X,
Y,Z
valu
es in
terp
rete
d? I
t dep
ends
on
the
activ
e co
ordi
nate
sys
tem
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
gC
oord
inat
e Sy
stem
s Act
ive
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
em
�D
efau
lts to
glo
bal C
arte
sian
.
�U
se C
SYS
com
man
d (o
r Util
ity
Men
u >
Wor
kPla
ne>
Cha
nge
Activ
e C
S to
) to
chan
ge it
to�
glob
al C
arte
sian
[csy
s,0]
�gl
obal
cyl
indr
ical
[csy
s,1]
�gl
obal
sph
eric
al [c
sys,
2]�
wor
king
pla
ne [c
sys,
4]�
or a
use
r-de
fined
loca
l coo
rdin
ate
syst
em [c
sys,
n]
Each
of t
hese
sys
tem
s is
ex
plai
ned
next
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
ems
Glo
bal C
oord
inat
e Sy
stem
�Th
e gl
obal
refe
renc
e sy
stem
for t
he m
odel
.
�M
ay b
e C
arte
sian
(sys
tem
0),
cylin
dric
al (1
), or
sph
eric
al (2
).�
For e
xam
ple,
loca
tion
(0,1
0,0)
in g
loba
l Car
tesi
an is
the
sam
e as
(1
0,90
,0) i
n gl
obal
Cyl
indr
ical
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
ems
Loca
l Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
em
�A
use
r-de
fined
sys
tem
at a
des
ired
loca
tion,
with
ID
num
ber 1
1 or
gre
ater
. Th
e lo
catio
n m
ay b
e:�
At W
P or
igin
[CSW
P]�
At s
peci
fied
coor
dina
tes
[LO
CAL
]�
At e
xist
ing
keyp
oint
s[C
SKP]
or n
odes
[CS]
�M
ay b
e C
arte
sian
, cyl
indr
ical
, or s
pher
ical
.
�M
ay b
e ro
tate
d ab
out X
, Y, Z
axe
s.
X
Y
X 11
Y 11
X 12
Y 12
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
ems
Wor
king
Pla
ne C
oord
inat
e Sy
stem
�A
ttach
ed to
the
wor
king
pla
ne.
�U
sed
mai
nly
to lo
cate
and
orie
nt s
olid
mod
el p
rimiti
ves.
�Yo
u ca
n al
so u
se th
e w
orki
ng p
lane
to d
efin
eke
ypoi
nts
by
pick
ing.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Coo
rdin
ate
Syst
ems
�Yo
u ca
n de
fine
any
num
ber o
f co
ordi
nate
sys
tem
s, b
ut o
nly
one
may
be
activ
e at
any
giv
en ti
me.
�Se
vera
l geo
met
ry it
ems
are
affe
cted
by
the
coor
dina
te s
yste
m
[CSY
S] th
at is
act
ive
at th
e tim
e th
ey a
re d
efin
ed:
�K
eypo
inta
nd n
ode
loca
tions
�Li
ne c
urva
ture
�A
rea
curv
atur
e�
Gen
erat
ion
and
�fill
ing�
of
keyp
oint
san
d no
des
�Et
c.
�Th
e gr
aphi
cs w
indo
w ti
tle s
how
s th
e ac
tive
syst
em.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
gLi
nes
�Th
ere
are
man
y w
ays
to c
reat
e lin
es, a
s sh
own
here
.
�If
you
defin
e ar
eas
or v
olum
es, A
NSY
S w
ill a
utom
atic
ally
ge
nera
te a
ny u
ndef
ined
line
s, w
ith th
e cu
rvat
ure
dete
rmin
ed
by th
e ac
tive
CS.
�K
eypo
ints
mus
t be
avai
labl
e in
ord
er to
cre
ate
lines
.
Cre
ate
>-L
ines
-Arc
sC
reat
e >
-Lin
es-L
ines
Cre
ate
>-L
ines
-Spl
ines
Ope
rate
>Ex
trude
/ Sw
eep
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
gA
reas
�C
reat
ing
area
s us
ing
botto
m-u
p m
etho
d re
quire
ske
ypoi
nts
or li
nes
to b
e al
read
y de
fined
.
�If
you
defin
e vo
lum
es, A
NSY
S w
ill a
utom
atic
ally
gen
erat
e an
y un
defin
ed a
reas
and
line
s, w
ith th
e cu
rvat
ure
dete
rmin
ed b
y th
e ac
tive
CS.
Ope
rate
> E
xtru
deC
reat
e >
-Are
as-A
rbitr
ary
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
gVo
lum
es
�C
reat
ing
volu
mes
usi
ng b
otto
m-u
p m
etho
d re
quire
ske
ypoi
nts
or li
nes
or a
reas
to b
e al
read
y de
fined
.
Cre
ate
>-V
olum
es-A
rbitr
ary
Ope
rate
> E
xtru
de
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
gO
pera
tions
�B
oole
an o
pera
tions
are
ava
ilabl
e fo
r ent
ities
cre
ated
by
both
to
p-do
wn
and
botto
m-u
p m
odel
ing
appr
oach
es.
�B
esid
es B
oole
ans,
man
y ot
her o
pera
tions
are
ava
ilabl
e:�
Extr
ude
�Sc
ale
�M
ove
�C
opy
�R
efle
ct�
Mer
ge�
Fille
t
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Ope
ratio
ns
Extr
ude
�To
qui
ckly
cre
ate
volu
mes
from
exi
stin
g ar
eas
(or
area
s fr
om li
nes,
and
line
s fr
omke
ypoi
nts)
.
�If
the
area
is m
eshe
d, y
ou c
an e
xtru
de th
e el
emen
ts a
long
with
the
area
s.
�Fo
ur w
ays
to e
xtru
de a
reas
:�
Alo
ng n
orm
al�
crea
tes
volu
me
by n
orm
al o
ffset
of
area
s [V
OFF
ST] .
�B
y XY
Z of
fset
�cr
eate
s vo
lum
e by
a g
ener
al x
-y-z
of
fset
[VEX
T].
Allo
ws
tape
red
extr
usio
n.�
Abo
ut a
xis
�cr
eate
s vo
lum
e by
revo
lvin
g ar
eas
abou
t an
axis
(spe
cifie
d by
two
keyp
oint
s) [V
RO
TAT]
.�
Alo
ng li
nes
�cr
eate
s vo
lum
e by
�dr
aggi
ng�
area
s al
ong
a lin
e or
a s
et o
f con
tiguo
us li
nes
[VD
RAG
].
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Ope
ratio
ns
Scal
e
�U
sefu
l for
con
vers
ion
from
one
uni
ts s
yste
m to
ano
ther
.
�D
iscu
ssed
in C
hapt
er 4
.
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Ope
ratio
nsM
ove
�To
tran
slat
e or
rota
te a
n en
tity
by
spec
ifyin
g D
X,D
Y,D
Z of
fset
s.�
DX,
DY,
DZ
are
inte
rpre
ted
in th
e ac
tive
CS.
�To
tran
slat
e an
ent
ity, m
ake
the
activ
e C
S C
arte
sian
.�
To ro
tate
an
entit
y, m
ake
the
activ
e C
S cy
lindr
ical
or s
pher
ical
.
�A
noth
er o
ptio
n is
to tr
ansf
er
coor
dina
tes
to a
diff
eren
t sys
tem
.�
Tran
sfer
occ
urs
from
the
activ
e C
S to
a s
peci
fied
CS.
�Th
is o
pera
tion
is u
sefu
l whe
n yo
u ne
ed to
mov
e an
dro
tate
an
entit
y at
the
sam
e tim
e.
Tran
sfer
fro
mcs
ys,0
to
csys
,11
Rot
ate
-30°
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Ope
ratio
ns
Cop
y
�To
gen
erat
e m
ultip
le c
opie
s of
an
entit
y.
�Sp
ecify
the
num
ber o
f cop
ies
and
the
DX,
DY,
DZ
offs
et fo
r eac
h co
py.
DX,
DY,
DZ
are
inte
rpre
ted
in th
e ac
tive
CS.
�U
sefu
l to
crea
te m
ultip
le h
oles
, rib
s, p
rotr
usio
ns, e
tc.
Cop
y in
loca
lcy
lindr
ical
CS
Cre
ate
oute
rar
eas
bysk
inni
ng
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Ope
ratio
ns
Ref
lect
�To
refle
ct e
ntiti
es a
bout
a p
lane
.
�Sp
ecify
the
dire
ctio
n of
refle
ctio
n:�
X fo
r ref
lect
ion
abou
t the
YZ
plan
e�
Y fo
r XZ
plan
e�
Z fo
r XY
plan
e
All
dire
ctio
ns a
re in
terp
rete
d in
the
activ
e C
S, w
hich
mus
t be
a C
arte
sian
sys
tem
.
Wha
t is
the
dire
ctio
n of
re
flect
ion
in th
is c
ase?
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Ope
ratio
nsM
erge
�To
atta
ch tw
o en
titie
s to
geth
er b
y re
mov
ing
coin
cide
ntke
ypoi
nts.
�M
ergi
ngke
ypoi
nts
will
aut
omat
ical
ly m
erge
coi
ncid
ent h
ighe
r-or
der
entit
ies,
if a
ny.
�U
sual
ly re
quire
d af
ter a
refle
ct, c
opy,
or o
ther
ope
ratio
n th
at c
ause
s co
inci
dent
ent
ities
.
Mer
ge o
r glu
ere
quire
dR
efle
ct
Subt
ract
from
base
are
a
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
g...
Ope
ratio
ns
Fille
t
�Li
ne fi
llet r
equi
res
two
inte
rsec
ting
lines
with
a
com
mon
keyp
oint
at th
e in
ters
ectio
n.�
If th
e co
mm
onke
ypoi
ntdo
es n
ot e
xist
, do
a pa
rtiti
onop
erat
ion
first
.�
AN
SYS
does
not
upd
ate
the
unde
rlyin
g ar
ea (i
f an
y), s
o yo
u ne
ed to
eith
er a
dd o
r sub
trac
t the
fil
let r
egio
n.
�A
rea
fille
ting
is s
imila
r.C
reat
efil
let
Cre
ate
area
Solid
Mod
elin
g -
Bot
tom
-Up
Mod
elin
gE.
Wor
ksho
p
�R
efer
to y
our W
orks
hop
Supp
lem
entf
or in
stru
ctio
ns o
n:W
7. C
onne
ctin
g R
od
