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209

9. Subject index

Subject abbreviations (e.g., GMP, DNA, RGR) and method numbers (e.g., M58, "Relative growth rate") listed in section 6.2 are included in the index for convenience.

Addition series design (M1) 15,17,21,23, 36,54,57,63,68, 111, 148, 153

Aerial photography (M2) 21-23, 54, 58, 110, 146, 153, 167

Agrostis 44 Alfalfa 70, 140 Allelopathy 6, 8, 14, 15, 20, 21, 24, 42, 47,

54, 61, 73, 153, 157 Allometry (M3) 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 54, 59,

82, 85, 134, 152 Alnus 106 Anthoxanthum 112 Atriplex 32 Available area (M4) 16, 17, 21-23, 34, 43,

54, 60, 143, 152, 157

Bioassay (M5) 17, 18, 20, 21, 23, 54, 61, 70, 139, 153, 157, 159, 160

Biodiversity 7, 8, 15, 24, 28, 43, 47, 67, 127 Biomass allocation (M6) 18,21-23,38,39,

54, 62, 69, 152 Bivariate diagram (M7) 17, 23, 36, 54, 63,

68, 81, 118, 121, 148, 154 Brassica 2, 159

Carex 35 Chemical exclusion experiment (M8) 18,

21, 23, 35, 37, 54, 64, 71, 153 Chenopodium 32, 33 Chromosomes 6,8,15,26,39,89,100,114 Clonal growth 5, 8, 15, 22, 24, 25, 28-30,

34,37, 38, 47, 68, 69, 80, 84, 108, 116, 134, 138, 146, 158, 160

Clone 5,14,37,138 Community structure 7, 8, 14, 15, 24,

28-30, 43, 47, 67, 127, 142, 147, 158, 161

Competition 1,2,5,6,9, 11, 13-17, 21-30, 34-38, 41, 42, 47, 49-51, 57, 59-63, 68, 69, 73, 80, 81, 82-84, 87, 88, 92, 94-97, 99, 109, 110, 116, 118, 119, 121-123, 134, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148, 149, 156, 159, 160

Confined 7,8,45 Confined trial 7,8 Contained 5, 7, 9, 33, 34, 45, 47, 129, ISS,

159 Contained trial 7, 47

Data analysis 7, 8, 25, 36, 57, 58, 80, 81, 87, 101, 154, 155

Deliberate perturbations 155, 158 Deliberate release I, 7, 8, 47, 138 Density-dependent competition 6, 9, 16,

23, 25-30, 37, 41, 42, 47, 57, 69, 80, 83, 84, 87, 88, 92, 94-97, 110, 119, 121, 123, 134, 144, 146, 156

Density-dependent mortality 6, 16, 25, 29, 30, 41, 47, 87, 88, 134, 143

Density-dependent regulation 6, 41, 47, 116

Deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA 6, 8, 9, 12, 13, 16, 18, 19,22,26-28, 38-41, 47, 55, 100, 114, 117, 125, 152

Discriminant function analysis, DF A (M9) 9, 19, 22, 23, 54, 65, 154

Dispersal velocity (MlO) 20,21,24,32,42, 54,66, 153

Disturbance 7,9, 16,23, 27, 30, 31, 34,41, 43,44,47, 60, 69, 75, 77, 79, 103, lOS, 138, 139, 142, 147, 149, 155, 158, 161

Diversity index (M11) 15, 22, 24, 43, 54, 67, 86, 93, 154

Drought resistance 105

210

Dry matter production, DMP (MI2) 9, 15, 17, 18, 24, 36-39, 54, 68, 69, 82, 95, 110, 121, 123, 136, 147, 148, 152, 157, 159, 160

Dry weight allocation (MI3) 15, 17, 18, 22, 24,36,38,39,54,62,69,152,157,160

Ecosystem 1-3,5,7,9,16,24,27,31,43-45, 47,60,63,67-70,74,75,79,81,89-93, 97, 103, 107, 110, 113, 115, 127-129, 131, 138, 142, 144, 147, 155-157, 159-161

Ecosystem effects 1, 2, 7, 9, 16, 24, 27, 44, 45, 47, 70, 93, 107, 110, 144, 156

Electrophoresis 16-19,22,26,39,41-44,55, 90,93, 114, 115, 117, 150-152

Enzyme assay (MI4) 16, 19,24,35,38,40, 54, 70, 120, 153, 157

Exclosure experiment (MI5) 18, 20, 21, 24, 32, 35, 37, 54, 64, 71, 113, 153, 157

Experimental design 7, 9, 45, 47, 123, 148

Faeces analysis (MI6) 20, 24, 32, 54, 72, 153

Field experiment 7,9, 35-41,47,57-62, 64, 67-69, 71-74, 82-85, 88, 92, 94-97, 99, 101-103, 106-113, 115, 116, 118-121, 124, 126, 128-131, 133, 134, 136, 137, 139-144,146-149

Flowering 6, 11, 37, 78, 144 Frost tolerance 1, 157

Genetic markers 6, 9, 16, 24-29, 38, 39, 48, 67, 70, 86, 89-91, 100, 106, 107, 114, 117, 125, 133, 141, 150, 151, 156

Genetically modified organism, GMO 1,6, 10,48

Genetically modified plant, GMP 1, 2, 6, 10, 13,28,31-33,35-37,41,44-46,48, 61, 71, 89, 91, 100, 120, 125, 128, 136, 144, 149, 155-161

Genotype 6,7,10, 13, 16, 27, 28, 37-42, 44, 45,48,61,65,81,84, 87, 98, 100, 103-108, 111, 115, 122, 133, 142, 144, 146, 156, 159, 160

Subject index

Genotype-environment interactions 7, 10, 16, 27, 28, 37, 44, 45, 48, 103, 111, 115,156

Germination test (M17-20) 15, 17, 20, 21, 24,31,33-35,42,44,54,61,72-74,76-78, 103, 126, 129, 131, 137, 152, 153, 157, 159, 160

Gini coefficient (M21) 15, 17, 18, 25, 41, 54,80,154

Gleeson-McGilchrist analysis (M22) 17,21, 25, 36, 54, 81, 154

Greenhouse experiment 7, 10,36,48,57, 59-63,68,69,73,81-83,85,87,88,94-96, 101-103, 105, 107, 109-112, 116, 118, 119, 121, 124, 134, 136, 140, 143, 146-149

Growth analysis (M23) 17-19,21,25,36, 37, 54, 61, 82, 83, 119, 152, 157

Growth chamber experiment 7,48, 73, 110 Growth rate (M24) 13, 15, 17, 18, 21, 25,

28,34,36-38,46,54,55,59,61,82,83, 94, 97, 103, 105, 109, 119, 144, 152, 159, 160

Half-life (M25) 15, 19-21,25,33,37,54,84, 130, 152

Harvest index, HI (M26) 10, 18, 25, 36, 39, 54, 85, 153, 157

Herbicide resistance 1, 157 Heterozygosity (M27) 19, 25, 54, 67, 86,

150, 151, 154 Hexagonal fan design (M28) 15-18,25,41,

54,87,153 Honeycomb design (M29) 15-18, 25, 41,

54, 87, 88, 146, 153

Immunoassay (M30) 16, 17, 19,22,25,38-41, 54, 89-91, 114, 120, 125, 152

Immunoblot (M31) 16-19,22,25,38-41,55, 90, 114, 120, 125, 152

Immunodiffusion (M32) 16, 17, 19,22, 26, 38-41, 55, 91, 114, 120, 125, 152

Immunological response 38-41, 120, 125 Immunology 48 Impatiens 102, 104 Inserted gene 1, 2, 45, 100, 155, 157-160

Subject index

Interaction assessment (M33) IS, 19, 26, 55,92,153

Invasibility 44, 128, 155 Invasion 3, 7, 10, 17, 23, 25-29, 31, 32, 43,

44, 48, 60, 89-91, 93, 97, 98, 103, 108, 113, 127, 128, 131, 132, 138, 142, 143, 156, 159, 161

Isozymes, incl. (M34) 10, 16-19, 22, 26, 38-45,48, 55, 65, 67, 86, 93, 100, 114, 115, 117, 125, 141, 150-152, 159, 160

Juncus 33

Key-factor 97, 103, 159, 160

Laboratory experiment 7, 10, 44, 48, 66, 70, 76, 89-91, 93, 100, lOS, 107, 114, 115, 117, 125, 137-139

Large scale release 7, 10,48 Leaf area (M35) 10, 14, IS, 17, 18, 21, 26,

34, 36, 37, 39, 55, 59, 68, 82, 83, 94, 95, lOS, 108, 119, 152, 157, 159

Leaf area duration, LAD (M36) 10, IS, 17, 18, 21, 26, 34, 36, 37, 55, 68, 94, 95, 152, 157, 159

Leaf area index, LAI 10,94,95 Leaf area ratio, LAR 10,94 Leaf demography (M37) IS, 17, 18, 21, 26,

36, 55, 96, 116, 152, 157, 159 Leslie matrix (M38) 17, 19, 26, 41, 44, 55,

97, Ill, 154 Levene's test (M39) 19, 22, 26, 55, 99, 154 Life stage 3, 5, 6, 11, 12, 22, 30, 31, 34, 36,

37, 40, 41, 53, 61, 70, 82, 96, 97, 112, 152, 157

Linkage analysis (M40) IS, 16, 19, 26, 39, 55, 93, 100, 107, 114, 117, 125, 154

Long-term survival 31-33, 77, 126, 129

Mahalanobis index (M41) 19, 22, 26, 55, 101,154

Mean phenetic distance (M42) 19,22,27, 55,102, 154

Medicago 73 Mesocosm 34, ISS, 156

211

Microsite incl. (M43) 16, 17,20,21,27,34, 35, 42, 44, 45, 55, 74, 92, 103, 105, 113, 128, 142, 144, 153, 157

Model 7, 11, 15-17,30,32,36,41,42,44, 48, 56, 57, 59, 66, 82, 85, 87, 92, 97, 99, 116, 123, 124, 128, 132, 138, 139, 142, 147, 152

Modified gene 46, 100 Modified organism 1,6, 10,48 Modified plant I, 2, 3, 6, 10, 28, 34, 48,

62,89,91, 120, 144 Moisture loss test (M44) 18,21,27,35,55,

lOS, 153, 157 Monitoring 32, 41, 45, 156, 158 Morisita index (M45) 22, 27, 55, 106, 108,

154 Morphological markers (M46) 16, 18, 19,

22, 27, 38, 39, 41, 45, 55, 61, 86, 93, 99-102, 106, 107, 114, lIS, 125, 142, 152, 159

Nearest-neighbour techniques (M47) 17,22, 27, 42, 43, 55, 108, 127, 142, 143, 152

Neighbourhood 6, 11, 17, 23, 25, 27, 29, 30, 42,43,49,60, 82, 83, 108, 142, 143

Net assimilation rate, NAR (M48) 11, 17, 18, 27, 36, 38, 55, 68, 82, 83, 109, 119, 153

Net primary production, NPP (M49) 11, IS, 16, 19, 27, 55, 110, 152

Net reproductive output (M50) 19, 27, 55, Ill, 112, 153

Net reproductive rate (M51) 22,27,55, 112, 153

Northern blot 125 Nucleic acid 8, 12,38,39, 114

Panicum 95 Parent-offspring competition 6, 11, 42, 49 Pathogen resistance I, 70, 157, 159 Percentage moisture loss, PML 105 Performance 14, 16,28,55, 61, 81, 85, Ill,

119, 120, 153, 155, 156, 158 Permanent quadrats (M52) 27, 34, 36, 42,

43, 55, 103, 108, Ill, 113, 127, 142, 144, 152, 159, 160

Perturbations 41, 44, ISS, 158, 161

212

Phenology 6, 11, 17, 24, 49, 74, 76, 96, 131, 132,144

Pinus 141 Plant competition 5, 11, 17, 23-30, 34, 36,

37,49,57,59, 61, 63, 68, 69, 80-82, 87, 88, 94-96, 109, 118, 119, 121, 123, 134, 143, 144, 146-148, 159, 160

Plant growth 5, 11, 18, 23-28, 35-37, 41, 43, 49,57,59-62, 64, 68, 69, 71, 80, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 94-96, 105, 109, 110, 119, 120, 146, 156, 157, 159, 160

Plant size 5, 11, 12, 18,24, 26, 30, 36, 49, 57, 59, 68, 69, 80, 85, 94, 95, 143, 148

Plantago 144 Poa 160 Polymerase chain reaction, PCR (M53) 11,

16, 27, 40, 55, 114, 125, 152 Polymorphism 6, 12, 16, 18, 19, 22, 28,

38-41,45,49,55,67,100,114,117,125, 150-152

Polyploidy 6, 12, 18, 39, 49, 85, 95, 109 Population 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13, 19, 23,

25-31, 33, 34, 36-38, 40-44, 49, 57, 58, 60, 62, 65, 67-69, 71, 73, 80, 82-84, 86-99, 101, 102, 104, 106-108, 110-117, 119, 121, 123, 125, 128, 133-135, 136, 138, 141-144, 146, 148-152, 158, 161

Population dynamics 6, 12, 19, 23, 25-30, 40, 49, 65, 82, 86, 92, 93, 97, 99, 101, 102, 107, 110, 111, 113, 115, 117, 133, 136, 138, 144, 149-152

Potato 120 Primer 12, 114, 117 Principal component analysis, PCA (M54)

11, 16, 19, 22, 28, 55, 92, 93, 115, 128, 154

Probe 12, 115 Proteins 1, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 19, 24-26, 39, 40,

70, 89-91, 93, 100

Quantitative characters 6, 12, 19,26,29,39, 40, 49, 100, 133

Quantitative trait locus, QTL 6, 12, 19, 26, 39, 49, 100, 125

Quantitative traits 6, 12, 39, 125, 133

Ramet demography (M55) 15, 28, 38, 42, 55, 96, 116, 153, 160

Subject index

Random amplified polymorphic DNA, RAPD (M56) 12, 16, 18, 19, 22, 28, 38-41, 55, 100, 117, 152

Rape 2,120 Recruitment 6, 13, 19, 35, 42, 49, 73, 84,

103, 138, 142 Relative crowding coefficient, RCC (M57)

12, 17, 21, 28, 55, 81, 118, 121, 154 Relative growth rate, RGR (M58) 13, 15, 17,

18, 21, 28, 34, 36, 38, 55, 59, 82, 83, 94, 103, 109, 119, 152, 159, 160

Relative performance (M59) 16, 28, 55, 81, 120, 153, 155, 156, 158

Relative yield, RYT 13, 36, 63, 68, 121, 123, 124, 148

Release 1, 5, 7, 8, 10, 14, 45, 47-49, 51, 66, 130, 138, 158

Replacement series (M60) 15, 17,21, 28, 55, 57, 63, 68, 81, 111, 118, 121, 123, 124, 148, 152

Reproductive allocation 6, 13, 31 Reproductive effort 14, 15, 19, 22, 37, 38,

56, 62, 112, 136, 149, 152 Response functions (M61) 15,17,21,28,36,

55, 57, 121, 123, 124, 152 Restriction fragment length polymorphism,

RFLP (M62) 13, 16, 18, 19, 22, 28, 38-41, 45, 55, 65, 67, 86, 100, 114, 115, 117, 125, 141, 150-152

Ribonucleic acid, RNA 6,12,13,19,27,40, 49, 125

Risk assessment 1,2,5,7, 13, 31, 45, 46, 49, 61, 62, 92, 149, 155, 159

Rumex 96

Sampling procedures (see also "soil samp­ling" and "vegetation analysis") 15, 17, 20, 22, 28, 55, 56, 119, 126, 127, 152, 153

Seed bank 3,5, 13,20,24,28,29,31-34,50, 75, 78, 79, 84, 126, 129, 137, 142, 158-160

Seed burial treatments (M65) 20, 29, 33, 34, 56, 77, 78, 103, 129, 153, 157, 159, 160

Seed dispersal 5, 13, 20, 24, 29, 31-33, 42, 43,50,66,71,72,97, 130-132, 138, 142

Seed dormancy 5, 13, 20, 24, 29, 33, 34, 42, 50, 76, 77, 129

Subject index

Seed germination 3,5,13, 14, 19,20,23,24, 27, 29, 30, 33, 34, 50, 61, 73, 74, 76, 103, 113, 129, 139, 140, 142, 144, 161

Seed labeling techniques (M66) 20, 21, 29, 32, 56, 130, 131, 153

Seed production 5, 13, 20, 23, 24, 29, 31, 33, 34, 36, 41, 50, 59, 77, 78, 92, 131, 132, 135, 136, 142, 144, 159, 160

Seed set 5, 13, 20, 31, 50, 120, 144 Seed survival 5, 13, 19, 20, 24, 25, 28, 29,

31,33,34, 50, 71, 72, 74, 76-79, 84, 98, 126, 129, 137, 158

Seed trap (M67) 17, 20, 29, 31, 32, 43, 56, 78, 130-132, 153, 160

Seed weight 5, 13,21,23,24, 31-33, 50~ 59, 66,77,83, 119

Seedling competition 5, 13, 21, 23, 25, 26, 28, 30, 34, 50, 57, 59, 60, 73, 81-83, 94-96, 109, 118, 119, 121, 123, 143, 148

Seedling growth 5, 14, 21, 23, 25-28, 30, 34, 35, 50, 59, 61, 62, 82, 83, 94-96, 103, 105, 109, 119, 144

Seedling mortality 5, 14, 21, 23, 24, 29, 34, 35, 50, 64, 71, 139

Seedling selection 5, 14, 21, 24, 34, 35, 50, 73

Seedling survival 5,14,21,23-25,27,29-32, 34-36, 50, 58, 60, 73, 84, 103, 105, 130, 138-140, 142-144, 157, 159

Selection index (M68) 16, 19, 29, 56, 100, 133, 153, 157

Self-thinning rule (M69) 15-17, 21, 29, 41, 56, 110, 134, 152

Senecio 111 Sexual reproduction 6, 11, 14, 22, 23, 27, 29,

31, 37, 38, 41, 51, 62, 69, 112, 120, 136 Sexual reproductive effort, SRE (M70) 14,

19,22, 29, 38, 56, 62, 112, 136, 152 Short-term survival 129 Sibling competition 6, 14, 22, 26, 42, 51, 99 Sieve extraction and flotation (M71) 20,29,

56, 78, 126, 137, 153 Simulation (M72) 11, 15, 17, 19, 20, 22, 29,

32, 42, 44, 56, 77, 80, 108, 138, 142, 154, 155

Small scale release 7, 14, 51 Soil sampling (M63) 20, 28, 33, 55, 78, 126,

134, 153, 160

213

Soil water content (M73) 20, 21, 29, 34, 35, 56, 85, 105, 124, 139, 152, 157

Southern blot 125 Sowing methods (M74) 20, 21, 29, 34, 56,

140, 153 Spatial autocorrelation analysis (M75) 22,

29,42, 43, 56, 141, 154 Spatial distribution 32, 42, 127, 128, 141,

143 Spatial pattern 6, 14, 15, 17, 20-30, 36, 39,

42, 43, 51, 56, 58, 65, 67, 89-91, 93, 101, 102, 106-108, 113, 115, 117, 125, 138, 141, 142, 146, 151, 152, 157

Spatial pattern analysis (M76) 15, 17,20-22, 29, 39, 42, 43, 56, 141, 142, 152, 157

Specific leaf area, SLA 14, 94 S tellaria 33

Test system 3,5,7, 14,25,44,45,53,57-64, 66-74, 76, 78, 80-85, 87-97, 99-103, 105-121, 124-126, 128-131, 133, 134, 136-142, 144, 146-149, 156, 158

Theil's inequality index 69 Thiessen polygon (M77) 16-18, 21, 30, 34,

56, 60, 143, 153 Tobacco 120 Tomato 1 Transgene 61, 156 Transgenic plant (see also "genetically

modified plant") 2, 45, 120 Transplant experiment (M78) 15, 17,20,21,

30,34-37,45,56,74,103,144,152,155, 159, 160

Triangular fan design (M79) 15, 17, 22, 30, 41,56, 146, 153

Triangular model of primary strategy (M80) 15-17,30,44,56, 147, 152

Triticum 141 Two-species mixtures (M81) 17, 21, 30, 56,

63, 123, 148, 153

Vegetation analysis (M64) 2, 15, 17, 22, 28, 42-44, 56, 115, 127, 152

Vegetation dynamics 7, 14, 22-24, 28, 51, 60, 67, 103, 127

Vegetative allocation 5,14,22-24,37,38,51, 62

214

Vegetative reproduction 5, 22, 37, 38, 51, 62,149

Vegetative reproductive effort, VRE (M82) 14, 15, 19, 30, 37, 56, 62, 149, 152

Water potential 76, 139 Western blot 25, 55, 90, 152 Wright's fixation index (M83) 19,30,43,56,

93, 150, 151, 154 Wright's F-statistics (M84) 19,22,30,43,56,

93, 150, 151, 154

Subject index

ADVANCES IN LIFE SCIENCES

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Transgenic Organisms Risk Assessment of Deliberate Release

Edited by K. Wohrmann I J. Tomiuk University of TUbingen, Germany

1993. 272 pages. Hardcover ISBN 3-7643-2834-7

(ALS)

The genetic structure of organisms is being altered to an ever­increasing degree by molecular genetic techniques. Thus far, more than 500 transgenic organisms have been tested or uti-lized in the field. The strides forward, however, have been en­cumbered by persistent and intense controversy. What is happening now on the forefront of genetic engineering? What are its aims, and inherent risks? What is its justification?

The purpose of this book is to offer the reader a firm ground­ing in the subject by systematically reviewing several basic issues: the interaction between host DNA/RNA and the intro­duced DNA/RNA; the extent and effect of horizontal gene transfer; the fate in populations of genes inadvertently re­leased into nature; the feasibility and effectiveness of risk

assessment; and the manner in which this modern technique can best be harnessed to im­prove human health. More generally, but perhaps most significantly, the book calls for a critical appraisal of the desirability of the aims advanced by molecular geneticists today.

Please order through your bookseller or directly from: Birkhauser Verlag AG P.O. Box 133 CH-4010 Basel 1 Switzerland Fax ++411 61 721 79 50 Orders from the USA or Canada should be sent to: Birkhauser Boston, 333 Meadowlands Parkway, Secaucus, NJ 07094-2491 1 USA Call Toll-Free 1-800-777-4643

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EXPERIENTIA SUPPLEMENTUM

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Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications

Edited by B. Schierwater, B. Streit, Zool Instztut d J W Goethe-Umversztat, Frankfurt, Germany

G.P. Wagner, Dept of BIOlogy, Yale Umverslty, New Haven, USA R. DeSalle, Dept of Entomology, Amerzcan Museum of Natural HIstory, New York, NY, USA

1994 Approx 640 pages Hardcover ISBN 3-7643-2942-4

EXS 69

The past 25 years have witnessed a revolu­tion in the way ecologists and evolutionary biologists approach their disciplines. Mod­ern molecular techniques are now reshap­ing the spectrum of questions that can be addressed while studying the mechanisms and consequences of the ecology and evo­lution of living organisms.

Molecular Ecology and Evolution: Approaches and Applications describes, from a molecular perspective, several methodological and technical approaches used in the fields of ecology, evolution, population biology,

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molecular systematics, conservation genet­ics, and development. Modern techniques are introduced and described, and older, more classic ones refined. The advantages, limitations, and potentials of each are dis­cussed in detail, and thereby illustrate the widening range of cross-field research and applications which this modern technology is stimulating.

This book will serve as an important textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students, and as a key reference work for researchers.

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