91
Climate-smart agriculture innovations to increase food security and rural incomes under climate change

8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

This is a combination of all presentations made during the CCAFS Side event at COP 20 on 8 December 2014

Citation preview

Page 1: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Climate-smart agriculture innovations to increase food security and rural incomes under climate change

Page 2: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Farmer centered & smallholder approaches offer us our best opportunity to address food security in a changing climate

Julian F. Gonsalves, PhD.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 3: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Major issues of 21st century for us are the hunger-poverty challenge affected by climate change

One BILLION people are undernourished because they lack access to

affordable food.

Another billion suffer from hidden hunger, i.e. micronutrient deficiencies.

Yet to come: we will need to feed 9 billion in 2050 (but note: we have 200+

definitions of food security).

Climate change will eliminate much of improvement in child malnutrition

levels (IFPRI 2009).

Land degradation remains a high priority as 5-12 million become lost

annually.

Majority of world’s poor (370 million) are resource poor, risk prone and

heterogeneous.

More than half of smallholder in most continents are below poverty line.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 4: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Do we needmore

statistics?

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 5: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

• Climate change will affect hundreds of millions of small scale farmers, herders, forest dwellers, fishers, who are already (currently) food insecure.

• Climate change is threat multiplier – under poverty condition can delete assets, wipe out savings, roll back progress.

• Drivers of poverty worsen vulnerability, increase risks and limits adaptation – so livelihood based approaches are critical, important.

• Climate justice perspective – focus on resource poor who are most affected by climate change (better targeting – preferential choices).

• So it’s not climate proofing but poverty proofing.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 6: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

This is a smallholder area in Northern Vietnam.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 7: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Mosaics in

our landscapes:

not

degraded

but regenerating

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 8: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Five centuries +

of

farming

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 9: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Difficult conditions don’t deter us

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 10: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 11: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

We “create” market linkages (just do not let

unfair trade destroy our livelihoods).

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 12: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 13: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Do we not understand resilience?

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 14: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

We can smile because we know how to overcome challenges – just helpus grow along our pathways.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 15: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

• So start with an assumption farmers and local communities understand resilience! They been through difficult times. Collectively smallholders (the majority poor) they offer us our best chance to fight climate change.Focuson them as among our best bet

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 16: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

• The stubborn persistence of millions of herders under traditional farming is a living proof of a successful indigenous agriculture strategy and contributes to the creativity of small farmers throughout the developing world (Wilken 1987).

• Millions of SH, family farms – testimony to remarkable resilience of agro-ecosystems in the face of change.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 17: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Let’s be optimistic about the future:

CCAFS is the largest ever research program on climate change research.

IFAD now supports the largest climate change adaptation program focused on smallholder farmers.

The CGIAR now has reduced poverty, improved food and nutrition security and improved natural resource and ecosystem services as new system level outcomes (proposed 2015).

Global donor, research and governments now value agriculture

Development outcomes influence research more than any time since 80, 90

Funding for agriculture is more easily secured from governments, LGU, donors (relatively).

New space has been created for development actors.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 18: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Need to develop

ways to utilize

research/knowledge

(apply what we

already know). The

“gaps” in utilization

of agriculture science

existed even before

this new awareness

of climate change

impacts.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 19: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Smallholders (SH) provide us with opportunities big farmers don’t have

(remember regenerative approaches are not always scale neutral).

Smallholding provide opportunities for diversification, intensification

under a multi-benefit and risk aversion approach.

Multiple benefit – build climate resilience alongside other benefits – so

deploy traditional and new technologies

No regrets approach (FAO) - adaptive practices and actions which will be

beneficial in future even if worst fears don’t materialize.

Smallholder agriculture has untapped potential for emission reduction as

a co-benefit, e.g., no burning rice.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 20: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Difficulties to communicate “mitigation” to poor farmers, so focus on

adaptation + approaches .

Focus on productivity (livelihoods) and natural adaptation processes

using eco-friendly, holistic approaches… mitigation is invariably a co-

benefit.

Planned adaptation is part of top-down planned approach by

government, LGU, NGOs, etc.

Autonomous adaptation happens at individual, HH or farm level.

Autonomous adaptation can be nurtured, e.g. Prolinnova approaches.

Autonomous – builds on local innovation, enhances local extension –

while support testing, etc. (PTD, PID).

Look for the diversity dividend – a landscape dominated by diversified

farms, forests (mosaics) of agriculture-forest-coastal interventions.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 21: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Incremental adaptation: because adaptation is an on-going process

What’s needed is innovative local funding innovation grants, small grants, micro-credit for climate smart agriculture

Foster the adaptation process (nurture innovation development through group processes and farmer centered approaches

Innovation fairs, innovation funds all help build a social capital for enhanced adaptation capacities (see www.prolinnova.org)

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 22: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

• Community driven approaches to adaptation (within broad

based multi-benefit approaches to adaptation) are integral to

building capacities for incremental adaptation – need to start

now

• But not difficulty to mainstream such approaches unless – LGU,

platforms, multistakeholder processes are used

• Importance of going to scale : processes are scaled up not just

technologies :”Bring more benefits to more people more quickly

with longer lasting results” (Going to Scale, IIRR 2000).

• Knowing how to bring to scale multi-benefit adaptation

approaches will ultimately help us deliver local outcomes at

scale.

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 23: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 24: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 25: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 26: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 27: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Julian Gonsalves, COP Side Event, Peru. December 2014.

Page 28: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Climate-smart agriculture innovations to increase food security and rural incomes under climate change

Page 29: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

“Combinación de ciencia y cocimiento tradicional: alternativa

de adaptación al cambio climático y fortalecimiento de la

seguridad alimentaria en Centro América"

Lima Perú 08 de Diciembre de 2014

Sergio Romeo Alonzo

Coordinador Regional Programa FPMA

[email protected]

www.programafpma.com

Page 30: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

ASOCIACION DE ORGANIZACIONES DE LOS CUCHUMATANES (ASOCUCH)

Nombre de laorganización

Asociación de Organizaciones de Los Cuchumatanes, ASOCUCH

Es una asociación de segundo grado privada, de beneficiopúblico, no lucrativa, apolítica y sin fines religiosos dedicada apromover el desarrollo social, económico y productivo.

Años de existencia 14 años (Inició operaciones en 1998, y se constituyó legalmenteen 2000)

Objetivo principal Contribuir al desarrollo rural sostenible, equitativo ycompetitivo en la Sierra de los Cuchumatanes , Guatemala

Membresía 13 cooperativas (de producción, ahorro y crédito), 08asociaciones (agropecuarias, forestales) y 68 grupos de mujeresempresarias9000 asociados de las organizaciones (45% son mujeres) y 1,800mujeres microempresarias

Page 31: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Área de Acción Programa Colaborativo de Fitomejoramiento Participativo en Mesoamérica

13 Departamentos43 Municipios

100 Aldeas10 Etnias

Page 32: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Socios

GUATEMALA HONDURAS NICARAGUA COSTA RICA EL SALVADOR

PANAMA

PRODUCTORES

PRODUCTORES

PRODUCTORES

Page 33: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

1. Agrobiodiversidad

2. Mejora genética

3. Semillas de calidad

4. Seguridad alimentaria

5. Generación de ingresos

6. Efecto multiplicador

Organización comunitaria/ Desarrollo de talentos/ Alianzas estratégicas

“ Mejorar la

Calidad de

vida”

META

1

2

3

4

5

6

Rescate, conservación y utilización (In situ y ex situ)

Aplicación de metodología FP

Producción, acondicionamiento y accesibilidad

Acceso, disponibilidad, inocuidad y valor nutricional

Productividad , valor agregado y acceso a mercado

Adopción e impacto

Fitomejoramiento Participativo: Alternativa para la adaptación al cambio climático y fortalecimiento de la

seguridad alimentaria

Page 34: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Contribución del Programa para enfrentar el cambio climático y contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria en la región

Liberación de 66 variedades de cultivosalimenticios (18 de maíz, 38 de frijol y 10 desorgo) con participación de agricultores einvestigadores; haciendo uso de la diversidadgenética de la región (7 liberadas a nivel nacional)

La generación de variedades conlleva la selecciónde características deseables por los agricultores(precocidad, altura de planta, aumento delrendimiento, posición de mazorcas, resistencia asequías, tolerancia a enfermedades, cualidadesculinarias), entre otras

Page 35: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Se ha logrado aumentar el rendimiento de maíz,frijol y sorgo en un rango que va del 12 al 200%, locual ha beneficiado directamente a los pequeñosproductores de la región; permitiendo que mejorensu seguridad alimentaria.

Los agricultores poseen acceso, control ydisponibilidad de semilla de calidad en costo ytiempo a nivel comunitario.

Contribución del Programa para enfrentar el cambio climático y contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria en la región

Page 36: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

País Unidad

de

medida

MAIZ FRIJOL

Guatemala qq/Mz 35.21 10.68

Honduras qq/Mz 25.10 18.92

Nicaragua qq/Mz 18.85 15.22

Costa Rica qq/Mz 41.74 14.00

Promedio qq/Mz 30.22 14.70

País Numero de meses con

comida asegurada

Maíz Frijol

Guatemala 7.64 7.34

Honduras 9.83 10.46

Nicaragua 9.64 10.35

Costa Rica 10.33 10.19

Promedio 9.36 9.58

El uso de variedades FP (combinado

con el uso de semillas de calidad y

manejo agronómico), ha permitido que

los agricultores/as obtengan los

rendimientos siguientes:

Se ha logrado aumentar la disponibilidad dealimentos a nivel de la región en número demeses de la manera siguiente:

Fuente: Línea Base FPMA 2013

Page 37: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Se han implementado 29 reservas comunitarias de semillas y 4 Jardines Clonales conparticipación de 3,000 agricultores manteniendo 2,500 accesiones (1,000 Maíz, 600 deFrijol, 50 de Papa y 850 de otros cultivos)

Contribución del Programa para enfrentar el cambio climático y contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria en la región

Page 38: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Tipos de Reservas Comunitarias de Semillas

Comité RCS y Normativa

RCS de Agrobiodiversidad

Conservación AgrobiodiversidadComunitaria

Variedades de mayor importancia comunitaria

RCS del FP

RCS para situaciones de emergencia

2-3 variedades de mayor importancia comunitaria

NO SI

Servicios comunitarios

Semilla para productores

Atiende emergencia

Page 39: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Más de 5,000 agricultor@s vinculados aorganizaciones de productores, involucrados enprocesos FP.

500 productores y 30 técnicos cuentan concapacidades en manejo de recursosFitogenéticos, para impulsar la mejora genéticay la conservación in situ.

45 Jóvenes egresados de la escuela modularMCD de la agrobiodiversidad

Contribución del Programa para enfrentar el cambio climático y contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria en la región

Page 40: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

En Costa Rica, Nicaragua y Hondurasexisten organizaciones que producensemillas y grano para el mercado; lascuales cuentan con infraestructura parael acondicionado (secado, limpieza,clasificación, empaque yalmacenamiento); produciendo más de5,000 quintales de semilla de calidadpor año.

Contribución del Programa para enfrentar el cambio climático y contribuir a la seguridad alimentaria en la región

Page 41: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

• Modificar leyes y reglamentos de semillas que permitan elreconocimiento de los sistemas alternativos y/o locales de semillas.

• Crear mecanismos de incentivos para comunidades que realizanconservación de agrobiodiversidad.

• Fortalecer capacidades técnicas y de incidencia de organizaciones deproductores

• Buscar mecanismos que protejan el conocimiento tradicional.

• Promover la diversificación de fincas de productores con especiesnativas, bajo el concepto de territorios bioculturales.

• Valoración y promoción de recetas locales con cultivos deimportancia para SAN

• Apoyar procesos de mercadeo y valor agregado a productos

Cuales son los retos en la región

Page 42: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

GRACIAS

Page 43: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Climate-smart agriculture innovations to increase food security and rural incomes under climate change

Page 44: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations
Page 45: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

CAMINO A LA COMPETITIVDAD

79,000 82,555

86,270 90,152

94,209 98,448

102,879 107,508

112,346 117,402

122,685 128,205

133,975 140,003

146,304 152,887

159,767 166,957

174,470 80 80 80 80 80 80

74

68

62

55

49

43

37

31

25

19

12

6

0 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

-

20,000

40,000

60,000

80,000

100,000

120,000

140,000

160,000

180,000

200,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

Ton de Blanco Arancel %

Page 46: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

RENDIMIENTOS DE ARROZ EN COLOMBIA. 1999 - 2013

FUENTE: DANE- FEDEARROZ.FUENTE: DANE- FEDEARROZ, ENCUESTA NACIONAL DE ARROZ MECANIZADO.

4,00

4,50

5,00

5,50

6,00

6,50

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Corresponde a las siembras de Enero - Junio

Page 47: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations
Page 48: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

El objetivo del proyecto es transferir en forma

conjunta la tecnología de manejo del cultivo

disponible para incrementar la productividad y

disminuir los costos de producción, en un

período máximo de 6 años, con el menor impacto

al medio ambiente.

Page 49: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

ZONA SECCIONAL AMTECAGRICULT

OR

% Disminuci

ón AMTECAGRICULT

ORCARIBE HUMEDO MONTERIA 645.603 835.641 22,7 334 432

SAN MARCOS 630.100 801.927 21,4 326 414

MAGANGUE 414.352 617.593 32,9 214 319

CARIBE SECO FUNDACION 505.249 670.257 24,6 261 346

VALLEDUPAR 544.601 700.000 22,2 281 362

SAN ALBERTO 594.841 623.881 4,7 307 322

CUCUTA 558.915 783.759 28,7 289 405

ZONA CENTRO NEIVA 492.063 775.862 36,6 254 401

VENADILLO 650.528 816.912 20,4 336 422

IBAGUE 731.398 792.723 7,7 378 410CAMPOALEGRE 783.738 936.084 16,3 405 484

SALDAÑA 708.462 1.021.765 30,7 366 528

ESPINAL 740.330 851.854 13,1 383 440

ZONA LLANOS ACACIAS 868.340 1.146.879 24,3 449 593

AGUAZUL 561.537 1.062.636 47,2 290 549

COMPETITIVIDAD Y COSTOS/ Ton. 2013 B

PROMEDIO 24 % MENOS DE COSTOS. 325 429

COSTO/ TON. DOLARESCOSTO/ TON. PESOS

Page 50: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

PLANIFICACI

ON

EPOCA

VARIEDAD

ADECUACIO

N SUELOS Y

NUTRICION

RIEGO

DRENAJE

FITOSANID

AD

COSECHA

RESP.

SOCIAL

SEGUIMIENTO

EVALUACION

ClimaAmbiente

Page 51: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

FEDEARROZ 50*

FEDEARROZ 473*

FEDEARROZ 2000*

FEDEARROZ 369

F. COLOMBIA XXI

FEDEARROZ 355

VICTORIA 1 FEDEARROZ 275

VICTORIA 2 FEDEARROZ 733*

CLEARFIELD205

FEDEARROZ170

CLEARFIELD 208

FEDEARROZ 60*

FEDEARROZ FEDEARROZ

FEDEARROZ 67FEDEARROZ

DUMILAFEDEARROZ TANA

FEDEARROZ GAITANA

FL FEDEARROZ 68

Page 52: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

PREPARACIÓN, ADECUACIÓN DE SUELOS Y SIEMBRA

Page 53: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

MONITOREO DE MALEZAS, PLAGAS Y ENFERMEDADES NUTRICION DE PLANTAS

O

9

2

SIFA

Page 54: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

“Fortalecimiento de la capacidad deadaptación del sector agropecuario alos fenómenos climáticos ymejoramiento de la eficiencia del usode los recursos en los sistemas

ENTENDIMIENTO DE LOS FACTORES

CLIMÁTICOS HERRAMIENTA PARA

Page 55: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Ensayos Época de siembra

• Propósito: definir la mejor fecha

de siembra

• N= 580 eventos productivos• Zonas: (Sta Rosa, Saldaña)• Periodo 2011 - 2013

ENA (Encuesta Nacional

Arrocera)

• Propósito: Mantener el sector

actualizado, medir indicadores

económicos

• N= 1237 eventos productivos a nivel nacional

• Zonas de trabajo: (Saldaña, Espinal, Ibague, Palermo, Villavicencio, Llanos, y en las 4 zonas de FEDEARROZ para el estudio de manejo)

• Semestres disponibles : 2007a, 2012a, 2013a, y de 2008 a 2011 a y b

Registros de cosecha

• Propósito: Investigación técnica(manejo, suelos, fitomejoramiento, fisiología)

• N= 3500 eventos productivos• Zonas: (Tolima, Huila, Meta,

Casanare, Cordoba, )• Periodo 2004 -2013

(dependiendo de las zonas)

Clima• Alrededor de 42 estaciones

meteorológicas (FEDEARROZ- IDEAM) utilizadas en el proceso de preparaciónde series de clima a nivel diario

Page 56: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

LLANOS - 2007 – 2012 - Arroz de secano

N= alrededor 500 eventos productivos

Frecuencia de la

lluvia un factor

crítico para la

producción

El clima puede explicarentre 30% y 40% de la variación en rendimiento de arrozsecano

Page 57: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Análisis basado en etapas fenológicas -IBAGUÉ Periodo 2009 – 2013 N= 1755 (eventos de cosecha) – VARIEDAD LAGUNAS

14

19

24

29

34

Comportamiento Tmx-Tmin (T°C)Ibagué 2008-2012

Tmax2008 Tmin2008

8.1 t.ha-1

9.2 t.ha-17.1 t.ha-1

9.1 t.ha-1

Qué dicen los datos?

Con clima se puedeexplicar más del 48.5% de la variaciónen rendimiento

Rango temp. Max y Min en la fase reproductiva el factor climático mas importante

Page 58: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Pronósticos Climáticos para las zonas Arroceras de:

Córdoba, Meta, Tolima, Huila, Casanare.

PRONÓSTICOS CLIMATICOS

Page 59: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Para que todo

esto ?

Establecer pronósticos

agroclimáticos a partir del uso de

modelos de predicción climática

periódica y modelos de cultivos

2

4

6

8

-76 -75 -74 -73 -72

Cluster_Multianual Cluster_Nina

-76 -75 -74 -73 -72

Cluster_Nino

2

4

6

8

10

12

Información de: condiciones

climáticas pronosticadas

(precipitaciones, Temperaturas y

Rad. Solar), dinámica de

información de parámetros

crecimiento, manejo del cultivo

Modelo de cultivo

calibrado y

evaluado

Pronostico

de

rendimiento

del cultivo

Predicción

Climática insitu

Page 60: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

DETERMINACIÓN DE ÉPOCAS DE SIEMBRA - CÓRDOBADISTRITOS DE RIEGO MOCARÍ Y LA DOCTRINA

0

50

100

150

200

250

Sep Oct Nov Dic Ene Feb Mar Abr May Jun Jul Ago

Brillo

so

la

r (

ho

ra

s/m

es)

MES

SIEMBRASEPOCA SECA

EPOCA LLUVIO

SA“Todo agricultor que se dedique a la siembra de arroz deberá inscribir su cultivo ante el Instituto Colombiano Agropecuario "ICA".

Fechas de siembra: Distritos de riego de Mocarí y la Doctrina, a partir del 15 de Octubre hasta el 30 de Diciembre de 2013.

La Soca de Arroz deberá ser destruida inmediatamente se termine la recolección de cada lote”

FONDO NACIONAL DEL

ARROZ

Page 61: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

PRONOSTICO PRECIPITACIÓNPRONOSTICO TEMPERATURAS MÁXIMAS

PRONOSTICO RADIACIÓN SOLARPRONOSTICO TEMPERATURAS MÍNIMAS

Page 62: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Pronóstico de rendimiento de la variedad Fed2000– Teniendo en cuenta el pronóstico del clima (Periodo Mayo- Diciembre de 2014)

Fecha de siembra

5 May25

May19 Jun

14 Jul20

Ago

Sí se toma la decisión de sembrar hasta el 20 de junio, el rendimiento obtenido puede estar

alrededor de 4500 kg/ha.

A medida en qué se demore las siembras, el rendimiento del cultivo puede disminuir.

El rendimiento simulado se realizó bajo condiciones de riego, simulando una lamina de agua constante sobre el periodo del cultivo

Page 63: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Reunión FEDEARROZ – INCODER 11 de Julio 2014

Distritos de riego de Mocari y la Doctrina170 Agricultores1.800 Ha No se sembraron en arroz riego en CórdobaFactores climáticas no óptimos y merma en los niveles del rio SinúSe evitó la pérdida de $ 7200 millones

MERIDIANO DE CORDOBA: “Los arroceros de Córdoba que utilizan los Distritos de Riego de Mocarí y La Doctrina no sembraron, tal como se los aconsejó Fedearroz. En su momento se le presentó un modelo de simulación de los rendimientos que tendría el cultivo ante la menor oferta de lluvia, menos luminosidad y mayor humedad en el ambiente”.

USO DE LA INFORMACION GENERADA

Page 64: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations
Page 65: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

5 May25

May19 Jun

14 Jul 08 Jul

Mejor fecha de Siembra

Sí se decide sembrar después del 15 de

Junio, la mejor opción será sembrar la

variedad Fedearroz733

De las opciones varietales

consideradas, Fed733 es la más resistente a altas

temperaturas. Exigente en

radiación solar

Momento de siembra

Page 66: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Época de Siembra = última semana del mes de Junio (23 – 30 Junio)

Variedad = FEDEARROZ 733

Fertilización F733 = Nitrógeno: 75% para fase vegetativa - 25% en fase reproductiva . Se utilizará el sistema SIFA (Sistema de Fertilización Arrocera). Ajuste en las dosis de fósforo y potasio por condición ambiental.

Manejo del agua = saturación permanente todo el periodo.

Densidad de siembra = 110 Kg/ha.

Manejo sanitario = derivado de monitoreo, pero con precaución de Spodoptera y sogata (HB). Maleza = quema, pre-emergente y sello.

Recolección = mantener riego hasta un 24% de

Page 67: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

COMPARATIVO DE TEMPERATURAS MÁXIMAS y MINIMAS vs PRONOSTICADO

TEMPERATURAS MAXIMAS TEMPERATURAS MINIMAS

Page 68: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

COMPARATIVO DE PRECIPITACIÓN vs PRONOSTICADO

Page 69: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

COMPARATIVO DE PRONÓSTICO DE RENDIMIENTOS

PRONÓSTICO DE RENDIMIENTOS

5 May

25 May

19 Jun

14 Jul

08 Jul

Fedearroz 733: 6860

kg/ha PS

Fedearroz 60: 4600

kg/ha PS

Page 70: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations
Page 71: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Climate-smart agriculture innovations to increase food security and rural incomes under climate change

Page 72: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations
Page 73: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

The role of farmers organizations in driving the transition to climate smart agriculture

By Manyewu Mutamba SACAU

Background

• The climate challenge provide new impetus for the total transformation of African agriculture

• This goal has proved elusive

• CSA calls for a radical shift in approach

• Innovation in engaging farmers and farmers organisation will be key to success

Page 74: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Why focus on farmers and FOsTransforming a farming system needs to start with changing the mind-set of those at its core

• Systemic change will depend on ownership of CSA by farmers & FOs – not passionate experts!

• Solid farmer organisation at all levels key to vertical/horizontal linkages, learning & exchange, aggregation, strong voice, scaling

• Options for harmonised engagement with farmers

• The era of treating farmers as poor beneficiaries/end users needs to end

• Partnerships in defining problems, crafting solutions, implementation, learning, evaluation

Page 75: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Are Farmers’ Organisations ready?

Yes / No• Rapidly re-inventing themselves

• Widespread recognition of the Climate challenge

• But many remain weak, poorly resourced, poorly governed, marginalised – struggling to justify their existence to members

Page 76: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

What prospects for the near future?

• CSA needs to support the emergence of a new generation of FOs as a key outcome, e.g. models for financing, info systems, governance etc

• Dedicated, sustained support required to transform FOs

• ICTs a potential game changer for improving effectiveness of FOs

• Also a new cadre of farmers – the youths key for this renewal

Page 77: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Keep the dream alive

Thank You

Page 78: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Climate-smart agriculture innovations to increase food security and rural incomes under climate change

Page 79: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Development and Implementation

of Legislation, Policies and

Strategies; Programmes and

Projects for Climate-Smart

Agriculture: Kenyan Experience

By Janet Oyuke, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries

State Department of Agriculture, Nairobi Kenya

CCAFS Side Event at the COP 20 Lima, Peru- 1st -12th December, [email protected]

REPUBLIC OF KENYA

Page 80: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Outline

1. CSA Concept

2. Legislation, Policies & Strategies

3. Programs and Projects

4. Institutional Orientation

5. Challenges in planning for CSA

6. Opportunities: Priority actions

Page 81: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

1. Climate – Smart Agriculture

(CSA): Concept

• The concept of Climate-Smart Agriculture has emerged to describe agricultural systems that provide not only improved agricultural production for food security, but also climate change adaptation and mitigation benefits, and improved watershed and ecosystem management (FAO 2010)

Page 82: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

2. LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND

STRATEGIES

• The Kenya Constitution, 2010- Explicit on,

– Minimum 10% tree cover

– Sustainable exploitation, utilization,

management of natural resources

• The Kenya Vision 2030 - Identifies integration

of environmental protection in agricultural

production as one of the strategic thrusts to

address the impacts of climate change

Page 83: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

2. LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND

STRATEGIES….National Climate Change Response Strategy

(NCCRS), 2010

• Focuses on integration of adaptation and mitigation measures in all government planning and development objectives

• Prioritizes vulnerable sectors of the economy for quick and immediate action and

• Provides explicit measures for addressing climate change in Kenya and defined criteria to track effectiveness of such measures

Page 84: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

2. LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND

STRATEGIES….• The National Climate Change Action Plan

(2013-2017) has identified priority adaptation and mitigation actions for transforming to a low carbon climate resilient development pathway for Agriculture.

• The Agricultural Sector Development Strategy, 2010-2020 stipulates the commitment of all Agriculture sector ministries to:

– Implement Chapter 5 of the constitution 2010, and agricultural components of NCCRS/ NCCAP

Page 85: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

2. LEGISLATION, POLICIES AND

STRATEGIES….• The National Agriculture Sector Extension

Policy stipulates that all extension service providers will mainstream environment and natural resource-related issues in extension messages.

• The Climate Bill and the National Climate Change Policy ( Both currently being prepared)

- Milestone towards; enhanced adaptive capacity , building resilience, promoting a low carbon development pathway, legal and institutional framework for CC mitigation and adaptation

Page 86: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

3. PROGRAMMES AND PROJECTS

• Weather-indexed crop insurance schemes

• Water harvesting for food security and

• Water efficient irrigated agriculture

• Investment in Conservation Agriculture

• commodity-based adaptation including provision of climate information to farmers

• Reliable storage structures for agricultural goods

• Diversification of livelihood sources to include apiculture, sericulture, fish farming, drought tolerant livestock breeds and high value traditional crops.

Page 87: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

4. Institutional Orientation

• There is established the CC Secretariat –MEW&NR to coordinate climate change activities across sectors and

• CCU – MOALF; To act as a knowledge broker to support the mainstreaming of climate change into all of the Ministry’s projects and programs

Page 88: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

5. Challenges in Planning for

Climate-Smart Agriculture • Separate planning processes for climate adaptation,

mitigation, and sustainable agriculture can complicate policy and program implementation for climate-smart agriculture

• Funds are uncertain and insufficient

• Institutional coordination and stability are necessary for long-term planning and investment

– Kenya faces a parallel challenge of building climate change institutions within a context of rapidly developing and complicated international policy and funding processes as well as a dynamic domestic political environment, in which a new constitution is substantially altering the structure of many core government institutions.

Page 89: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

6.Opportunities: Priority Actions

To improve development and implementation of national policies, strategies, programmesand projects for climate-smart agriculture:

• Strong linkage between the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Fisheries and other stakeholders;

• Streamline finance mechanisms to support climate-smart agriculture;

• Improve measurement systems that allow for multi-objective programs; and

• Incorporate climate change strategy and national water catchment policy.

Page 90: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

THANK YOU

Page 91: 8 Decemeber 2014 CCAFS Side Event COP 20 Combined presentations

Climate-smart agriculture innovations to increase food security and rural incomes under climate change