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8 2201 Digestion.notebook March 07, 2015
Oct 113:27 PM
Unit 3
• Review
• Digestive system
• Challenge
• Conclusions
Maintaining Dynamic Equilibrium
Apr 184:24 PM
Digestive System
• Our clumps of food must be broken down and moved to all parts of the body.
• The digestive system is responsible for the breaking down and the circulatory system for the movement.
8 2201 Digestion.notebook March 07, 2015
Apr 225:19 PM
• Breaking down large plant and animal parts happens in two stages:
1. Mechanical digestion
Animals and plants are physically broken into smaller pieces by tools, our hands and teeth.
2. Chemical digestion
Special chemicals, including proteins called enzymes, break apart chemical bonds to produce very small pieces.
These pieces can then be taken into the cells and used directly or broken down further.
Digestive System
Apr 225:23 PM
AssignmentPart A
• List the location and functions of the following parts of the digestive system:
1. Salivary glands2. Stomach3. Liver4. Pancreas5. Gall bladder6. Large intestine7. Small intestine
Part B Trace/explain the movement of a meal from a plate to the bloodstream.
8 2201 Digestion.notebook March 07, 2015
Apr 225:23 PM
Apr 225:24 PM
Nutrients p.354358• Nutrients are compounds needed by the body for survival.
• Some nutrients can be made by our cells.
• Essential nutrients: nutrients that MUST be ingested. (cannot be made)
• Essential nutrients are not more important than other nutrients, but it is essential that our diet contain them.
8 2201 Digestion.notebook March 07, 2015
Apr 225:24 PM
Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates These are long chains of sugar and are used as
sources of energy.
2. Fats (Lipids) These can be used as sources of energy, but some
are important building blocks of cells (i.e. membrane).
3. Protein These are chains of smaller molecules called
amino acids. The amino acids can be used to form different
proteins needed by the body (i.e. enzymes).
• Nutrients can be grouped into 6 major categories:
4. Minerals These are metals needed by the body for
enzymes and bone (i.e. calcium).
5. Vitamins These are fatlike organic compounds that
are needed for certain metabolic reactions.
6. Water It is the base of bodily fluids (such as blood plasma).
Water is important in breaking down and the creation of other molecules
a) Hydrolysis reaction: Water is used to break apart large molecules
b) Dehydration synthesis: Removing water in order to combine two molecules
Apr 225:23 PM
Review
8 2201 Digestion.notebook March 07, 2015
Apr 225:24 PM
Nutrients
1. Carbohydrates These are long chains of sugar and are used as
sources of energy.
2. Fats (Lipids) These can be used as sources of energy, but some
are important building blocks of cells (i.e. membrane).
3. Protein These are chains of smaller molecules called
amino acids. The amino acids can be used to form different
proteins needed by the body (i.e. enzymes).
• Nutrients can be grouped into 6 major categories:
4. Minerals These are metals needed by the body for
enzymes and bone (i.e. calcium).
5. Vitamins These are fatlike organic compounds that
are needed for certain metabolic reactions.
Apr 2410:23 AM
Disorders of the Digestive System p.368370• There are many diseases and disorders of the digestive system. We will focus on 3:• 1. Ulcers
Hydrochloric acid is present in the stomach. Usually the stomach wall is protected from this by
a layer of mucus. Sometimes the wall of the stomach is damaged by
the acid. This results in an ulcer.
The formation of ulcers has been linked to a type of bacteria, diet and stress.
Treatment of ulcers includes antibiotics, drugs to reduce the amount of stomach acid, and removal of part of the stomach.
8 2201 Digestion.notebook March 07, 2015
Apr 2411:52 AM
Disorders of the Digestive System2. Gallstones
Sometimes cholesterol in bile forms crystals.
These can grow in size and form gallstones. Formation of gallstones is linked to diet and
heredity. Treatment includes medication to lower
cholesterol, changing diet, and ultrasonic shockwaves which break up the crystals.
Apr 2411:52 AM
Disorders of the Digestive System3. Ileitis/colitis
Both of these conditions are inflammation of the digestive tract.
Ileitis (cronh's disease) is inflammation of the small intestine and colitis of the large intestine.
The conditions have been linked to problems with the immune system and heredity.
Symptoms include abdominal pain, diarrhea, and intestinal bleeding
Treatment includes medication for pain and removal of part of the intestine.
8 2201 Digestion.notebook March 07, 2015
Apr 2411:53 AM
Challenge• Read pages 372373.• Distinguish between anorexia and bulimia.
Apr 164:15 PM
Conclusions?