7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design – June 27, 2013 – Sang Yoon Bae – 1 Axiomatic Design and Implementation of Service-Oriented University

ICUAS 2012-Kim, Song, Morrison-Presentation

Axiomatic Design and Implementation of Service-Oriented University Classes: Emotions and SensesSang Yoon Bae, Chan-Eon Park, Jukrin Moon, James R. Morrison

Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering KAIST, South Korea

Thursday, June 27, 2013 7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #1Presentation OverviewIntroduction: Motivation and objective

Literature review and contribution

Axiomatic Design processStakeholder analysisCustomer Needs (CNs)BenchmarkingPrototype FRsPrototype DPs

Application to a university courseCourse design: FRs and DPsImplementation and sample of the course material Results and feedback

Concluding remarks

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Presentation OverviewIntroduction: Motivation and objective




Concluding remarks

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Introduction: Motivation and Objective (1)Education and the individualBillions of people spend decades of their lives in modern educational systemsKorean families spend more than $3000/year to educate one child in addition to the public school system (Koreans salaries are about of US)Education level correlates highly with salary

Education and societyEducation has been around for 1000s of yearsEducation is an essential factor controlling the success of nations

If education is so important to each person and the world

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Introduction: Motivation and Objective (2)Why do students often look like this?

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Introduction: Motivation and Objective (3)Education is part of the service economy

The service economy includes

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Introduction: Motivation and Objective (4)Can we extract the essence of other services for education?

Starting from this question, our objective is

Axiomatic Design of Service-Oriented University EducationFor





Concluding remarks

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Literature Review and Contribution (1)Traditional education literatureKnowledge taxonomies (e.g., Bloom et al., 1956)Learning styles (e.g., Davis, 2007)

Service perspective in educationKANO model (Kano et al., 1984)SERVQUAL model (Parasuraman et al., 1985)Humor in classroom (Berk 2000, Skinner 2010)

Formal design in educationQuality Function Deployment (Sahney et al., 2004 and Bagchi, 2010)Axiomatic Design for a specific course (Tate et al., 2004 and Tate, 2005)General use of AD for course design (Thompson et al., 2009)7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Literature Review and Contribution (2)Contribution

Propose the idea of a general service perspective in university courses that includes the stimulation of emotions (not only humor) and senses;

Develop a list of prototype FRs and DPs to support the design of courses with this general service-oriented perspective;

Design a university course that includes, not only educational functions, but service-oriented ones such as experiencing emotions;

Discuss the implementation of such a course at KAIST.





Concluding remarks

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design: Stakeholder AnalysisStakeholders of the university education system?Almost everyone is a stakeholder of educationStudents, teachers, parents, society

10 source categories investigatedUniversity student surveysPrior course evaluation survey scores and commentsInterviews with the KAIST Dean of Education 3.0Interviews with professors who have received excellent teaching awards from KAISTOn-line articles and videos about teachingBooks on teaching authored by celebrated professorsA popular non-fiction Korean television program where lecturing is the formatAcademic literature on service and educationOur own perspectives on what is good about various servicesAcademic literature on emotions/senses.

Stakeholder Analysis

Customer Needs

Benchmarking

Prototype FRs

Prototype DPs7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design: Customer Needs259 Customer Needs were identified79 CNs related to the teaching staff160 CNs related to the class meetings (lecture & discussion)20 CNs related to students

We further organized these into categoriesCourse contentDelivery methodsEvaluation of students Overall class experience

Stakeholder Analysis

Customer Needs

Benchmarking

Prototype FRs

Prototype DPs

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design: Benchmarking of Education and ServicesStakeholder Analysis

Customer Needs

Benchmarking

Prototype FRs

Prototype DPs

Blooms TaxonomyMemlectics Learning StylesEmotionsSenses7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design: Prototype Functional RequirementsWhy prototype?

High level Functional RequirementsFR0: Establish student understanding of course knowledge (content) map.FRi: Establish cognitive domains for course topic i in students.FRA: Evaluate course quality.FRB: Establish connections between course topics and students concerns.FRC: Magnify intensity of emotion the student associates with selected ideas.Stakeholder Analysis

Customer Needs

Benchmarking

Prototype FRs

Prototype DPs7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design: Prototype Design ParametersPrototype DPs are simply stated as methods to provide the FR.

Depending on the course topic and application, the course designer will select DPs.

Prototype FRs and DPs can be used for generic guidance and structural placeholders.

We provide examples of DPs for some of the FRs in our exampleStakeholder Analysis

Customer Needs

Benchmarking

Prototype FRs

Prototype DPs7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Presentation OverviewIntroduction: Motivation and objective




Concluding remarks

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Course Design: FRs and DPsCourse Design: FRs and DPs

Implementation and Sample

Results and FeedbackPrototype Functional RequirementsPrototypeDesign ParametersMatchedExtractExtract & SpecifyFRs for Chapter iDPs for Chapter iMatching should remainOrdering andAllocating

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Implementation and Sample (1)IE200: Introduction to Operation Research (KAIST)Spring 2013 semester 2nd year courseBasic elective open to any majorTraditional lecture format100 students from all majors and years

Why?Easy to realize (the authors teach and TA the course)Rapid feedback is possible (1 semester)Many applications of the materialMay be possible to create a life-changing experienceCourse Design: FRs and DPs


Results and Feedback7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Implementation and Sample (2)Now provide an example of a lecture design

Course content of the lectureNetwork models for transportation problemsOptimization methods to minimize transport costContext of the example is food distribution network

Format of the classIntroduction: Lecture (5-10 minutes)Student actively solve two problems in groups (35 minutes)Concluding remarks: Lecture (5 minutes)

A snippet from the concluding remarks followsCourse Design: FRs and DPs


Results and Feedback7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Some Perspective (1): Fixed BudgetsRelief organizations typically work on a fixed budgetFunding provided by governments, companies, private donors and NGOsWhen the money runs out thats the end of it!As we saw in our beginning Red Cross distribution: There are good ways to distribute supplies and There are worse ways to distribute themFixed budget: Food vs. distribution costs

Food CostsDistribution CostsExpensive distributionFood CostsDistribution CostsOptimal distributionFixed BudgetMore food delivered!Total Relief Cost7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Some Perspective (3): World of Starvation1/3 of human deaths are due to hunger

1.2 billion people live with less than US$ 1 per day

About 6000 children are dying of starvation EVERY DAY

Can we help them?7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #What will you get

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #With a degree in engineering?7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Money?7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Success?7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Yes you can get these things7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #But7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #You can also be a savior7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #For them7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #

Every 15 seconds


One child


Dies from hunger


During our class today

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Which studied food distribution7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #200 children have died7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Not only doctors 7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Also engineers7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Can save them.7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #And7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #YOU can do it also.

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Science without conscience is the ruin of the soul Francois Rabelais

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Results and Feedback (1)What we want to reportStatistical results from anonymous course evaluation surveyPositive and negative student comments from anonymous course evaluation survey

However, we will have the data next weekKAIST Spring 2013 semester ended last FridayCourse evaluation results are not yet released

So what can we report?Course Design: FRs and DPs


Results and Feedback7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Results and Feedback (2)Unsolicited e-mail received near the end of the semesterTrying to improve this course for many years, butNever received these kinds of e-mails beforeThis is from 7% of the class

Course Design: FRs and DPs


Results and FeedbackEXCERPTEXCERPTI was really glad to learn this course It was very fun and helpful. I will always remember your saying that engineers should use their gifts for other people. I will try hard to become a good engineer.I would like to say thank you I learned a lot of things including external study (engineers humanity). and happy from entertaining Inclass activity (making sandwich, Casino, etc. a lot).I want to say thank you. I am really pleased to take [the] class. The lectures were very impressive and interesting. I am really glad but I can't explain it in English. Thank you very muchThank you for this whole semester I've learnt a lots of things from your lectures. One of the best things that I've done in this semester is took IE200, Thank you.It was my pleasure to attend [the] class thank you so impressed! I was very happy that I can participate this classI really appreciate IE200 It was very honored to learn Operation Research :-)7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Presentation OverviewIntroduction: Motivation and objective




Concluding remarks

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Concluding Remarks (1)EducationAn essential element of modern societyMost efforts have focused on contents and a macroscopic view

We embarked upon a service-oriented university course design process

Axiomatic Design methodologyDeveloped CNs based on 10 categories of materialIdentified FRs and DPs based on 4 categories (Blooms taxonomy, learning styles, emotions and senses)

Redesigned the KAIST IE200 course Used this formal approach to develop new lectures and activitiesInjected emotional and sensory functions into the course materialImplemented the design early results are encouraging!

Instructors (course designer) can use the prototype FRs and DPs to help guide course development7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Concluding Remarks (2)Future directions

Statistical analysis of the student course evaluation data

Update FRs and DPs with feedback and evaluation

Implement the methods for another course and improve the flexibility

Further develop the detailed design process for use by others

7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Concluding Remarks (3)Even if ones lecture content is fantastically clear and complete,

unmotivated students will not absorb the material

So, we investigated a service-oriented approach

towards a future where everyone enjoys learning!7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #Axiomatic Design and Implementation of Service-Oriented University Classes: Emotions and SensesThank you!7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design June 27, 2013 Sang Yoon Bae #50

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7th International Conference on Axiomatic Design – June 27, 2013 – Sang Yoon Bae – 1 Axiomatic Design and Implementation of Service-Oriented University