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The Age of Exploration7th Grade UBD - Unit 7 – The Americas
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Technology Allows Exploration- Between 1100 CE and
1400 CE new technologies emerged which helped sailors sail
farther from land.
Christopher Columbus- An explorer, colonizer, and
navigator who made four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean,
leading to widespread awareness of the Americas.
Ferdinand Magellan- Tried to circumnavigate the world. His
crew proved once and for all that what Columbus had
discovered was indeed a new world.
Key Ideas- Technology Allows Exploration
Early sailors were limited by what they could see. If they
traveled out into the open ocean away from land they would
get lost. They used landmarks along the coast to help them
navigate.
The final invention that allowed sailors to travel further from
home was that of the triangle-shaped sail. This new type of sail
allowed ships to harness the power of the wind to travel in any
direction.
Between 1100 CE and 1400 CE new technologies emerged
which helped sailors sail farther.
Introduction
During the Age of Exploration
Europe had a population of
about 60 million people.
Europeans at this time had
little contact with outsiders.
Most Europeans did not
venture beyond the safe and
familiar boundaries of their
isolated world.
Trade
Those few who were ambitious
enough to seek new
experiences in strange places
faced discouraging obstacles.
Small slow ships took two
months just to travel from one
end of the Mediterranean Sea
to the other.
Travel over land, even more
difficult and time-consuming.
Technology Allows Exploration
Early sailors were limited
by what they could see. If
they traveled out into the
open ocean away from
land they would get lost.
Early sailors used
landmarks along the
coast to help them
navigate.
Technology Allows Exploration
Between 1100 CE and 1400 CE
new technologies emerged
which helped early sailors.
The astrolabe helped sailors
measure objects in the sky such
as stars, planets, the moon and
sun. After measurements were
taken, the use of star charts
then helped sailors to determine
their location.
Technology Allows Exploration
The compass was another
invention that helped
sailors to determine what
direction they were
traveling.
Maps also began to
improve. For centuries the
maps used by travelers
had been very inaccurate.
Technology Allows Exploration
By 1400s map
makers began to use
grid lines known as
latitude and
longitude to help
travelers measure
and determine
where they were.
Technology Allows Exploration
Up until the 1400s ships had
been equipped with square-
shaped sails.
These sails only allowed
explorers to travel in the
same direction that the
wind was blowing.
If the wind stopped blowing
in the right direction, they
had to either paddle or wait
for the wind.
Technology Allows Exploration
The Portuguese
developed a new type of
ship called a Caravel.
The Caravel had a
center mounted rudder
and a triangle-shaped
sail that made it very
fast and maneuverable.
Technology Allows Exploration
The triangle-shaped
sail allowed ships to
harness the power of
the wind to travel in
any direction, and not
just in the direction
that the wind was
blowing.
Traders, Explorers, and ColonistsReading Handout- Traders, Explorers, and Colonists
Modern Marvels- Super ShipsVideo- Modern Marvels- Super Ships
Key Term
Compass - An
instrument
whose
magnetized
metal needle
aligns itself with
the magnetic
fields of the
earth. This
causes one end
of the needle to
point north.
Key Term
Navigate-
To direct or
manage a
ship on its
course.
Key Term
Astrolabe – A
tool used by
navigators in
the 1400s and
1500s to
determine a
ship’s position
by charting the
position of the
stars.
Key Term
Caravel– A
small
Portuguese
ship that is
very fast
and
maneuverab
le.
How Math Guides ShipsVideo- How Math Guides Ships
Key Term
Christopher
Columbus-An
Italian
navigator who
discovered the
New World in
the service of
Spain.
Key Ideas- Christopher Columbus
Explorer, colonizer, and navigator who made four voyages
across the Atlantic Ocean, leading to widespread awareness of
the Americas.
His expeditions began the first enduring European exploration
and colonization of the Americas.
Tried to reach the East Indies by sailing west from Spain, with
support from the Spanish monarchy looking for trade
advantage.
Called the inhabitants of the places he visited “ Indians,” never
admitting that he had found a continent previously unknown.
Reasons for Exploring
Thought that Asia
was much closer to
Europe than it was.
Would become
Governor of any
lands discovered.
Keep ten percent of
all wealth discovered.
His Voyage
Three ships:
the Niña, the Pinta, and
the Santa Maria.
A crew of about 90 men
and boys.
Set sail from Spain on
Aug 3, 1492.
Landed in the Bahamas on
Oct. 12, 1492.
Europe Learns of Columbus’s Voyages
Columbus was
certain that he had
succeeded in
reaching Asia, so he
wrote a letter to King
Ferdinand and Queen
Isabella declaring his
voyage a success.
Spain’s Reaction
Ferdinand and Isabella
were very excited when
they heard Columbus’s
news.
They were even more
pleased when he appeared
before them with gold as
well as six natives whom
Columbus planned to
teach Spanish and use as
interpreters on later
voyages.
Spain’s Reaction
Isabella believed that
Columbus should
convert, or change
the religious beliefs
of the natives so
they could also serve
as missionaries on
future voyages.
Key Term
Missionary -
A person who
teaches his or
her religion to
others who
have different
beliefs and
attempts to
convert them.
Spain’s Reaction
Columbus began
preparing almost
immediately for a
second voyage
across the Atlantic
Ocean, this one with
a much larger fleet.
Columbus’s Later Voyages
Between 1493 and 1504, Columbus made three more trips to the
Americas.
On his second voyage he found that the men he had left had all been
killed by the Indians. Apparently, as soon as Columbus left, the
Spanish had begun to quarrel and fight among themselves. They had
made no common effort to build a lasting community. Bands of
Spanish thieves roved the countryside, plundering native villages.
They forced the Indians to hunt for gold and took women as their
prisoners. The Indians defend themselves and killed the Spanish
intruders.
Columbus’s Later Voyages
Columbus never found the gold and jewels he
had expected. Apart from his hunt for wealth,
his mission was to convert the natives to
Christianity.
The idea that the Indians might have a right to
determine their own way of life and to govern
themselves never occurred to him.
Columbus Is Recalled to Spain
In 1500 Columbus was
sent back to Spain and
was removed as governor
of the Indies.
In the end, he retained
only empty honors. Sick,
disappointed, and ignored,
he died in Spain in 1506.
Questions
1. Why did Christopher Columbus want to
sail the Atlantic Ocean?
2. How did Europeans respond to news of
Columbus’s first voyage?
3. Do you think Columbus’s voyages were
a success or a failure? Explain your
answer.
Answers
1. Why did Christopher Columbus want to sail the Atlantic
Ocean?
He wanted to sail across the Atlantic Ocean to find a sea route to
Asia. Would become Governor of any lands discovered and would
keep ten percent of all wealth discovered.
2. How did Europeans respond to news of Columbus’s first
voyage?
Ferdinand and Isabella were excited and pleased.
3. Do you think Columbus’s voyages were a success or a
failure? Explain your answer.
Student answers will vary.
History of the HolidaysVideo- Columbus Day
Eyewitness to HistoryReading Activity- Eyewitness to History 18
Other Early Explorations
The promise of wealth,
knowledge, and
adventure lured other
explorers like
Columbus to take to the
seas.
Like Columbus, they
explored for foreign
countries searching for
a western water route
to Asia
Key Ideas- Ferdinand Magellan
Started his main voyage in 1519 leaving
from Portugal.
Attempted to become the first person to
circumnavigate the world.
In 1521 while in the Philippines, Magellan
was killed while trying to circumnavigate
the world.
His crew still completed the voyage around
the world.
Key Term
Circumnavigate-
To go
completely
around the
world.
Key Term
Ferdinand Magellan-
A Portuguese
navigator in the
service of Spain,
attempted to
circumnavigate
the world.
Animaniacs-Ballad of MagellanVideo-Ballad of Magellan
Reasons for Exploring
As a young man, Magellan fought as a soldier while
Portugal seized different colonies in India and Africa.
Magellan believed he could make it to the Spice
Islands by finding a water route around South
America.
He convinced the King of Spain to support him by
telling him that part of the Spice Islands were in
Spanish territory.
His Voyage
In 1519, he set sail
from, Spain in an effort
to sail around the world.
After Magellan and his
260 men and five ships
reached South America,
they began looking for a
way through the
continent to the other
side.
His Voyage
As Magellan traveled
through the Pacific
Ocean, one of his ships
became separated and
was forced to return to
Spain. Another ship
crashed on a rocky
island.
His Voyage
By the time Magellan and his
ships reached the Philippines in
Asia, the sailors had spent 18
long months at sea.
Then, during a battle there,
Magellan and several crew
members were killed.
Only one boat and 18 crew
members succeeded in sailing
completely around, the world.
Discoveries and Outcomes
Magellan’s crew was
the first to
circumnavigate the
world.
They proved once and
for all that what
Columbus had
discovered was indeed
a new world.
They also discovered
just how large the Earth
really was.
Eyewitness to HistoryReading Activity- Eyewitness to History 19
Questions
1. Where is the passage way known as the Strait
of Magellan?
2. Imagine that you are a survivors of Magellan’s
voyage. Write five questions that you will ask
about the importance of their journey. Then
write answers that you imagine the crew would
give, using information found in the PowerPoint.
Answers
1. Where is the passage way known as the Strait of
Magellan?
It lies near the southern tip of South America.
2. Imagine that you are a survivors of Magellan’s voyage.
Write five questions that you will ask about the
importance of their journey. Then write answers that
you imagine the crew would give, using information
found in the PowerPoint.
Student answers will vary.
Independent Activity
What has been the
“muddiest” point so
far in this lesson? That
is, what topic remains
the least clear to you?
(4 minutes)
Partner Activity
Work with a neighbor and compare your muddiest point with theirs. Compare what things are the same and what things are different? (3 minutes)
