Science Module7th Grade

Body SystemsCirculatory System7th Grade ScienceTAKS 2TEKS 7.9(A)

TAKS Objective 2The student will demonstrate an understanding of living systems and the environment Interdependence occurs among living systems

TEKS Science ConceptTEKS 7.9 (A) identify the systems of the human organism and describe their functions.

Student Prior KnowledgeTEKS 6.10 (C) identify how structure complements function at different levels of organization including organ and organ systems.

Background

Circulatory System StructuresHeartBlood VesselsArteriesVeinsCapillariesBlood

Circulatory System FunctionThe overall function of the circulatory system is to transport materials throughout the body toward and away from particular target organs and tissues.

Two PathwaysPulmonary CirculationCarries blood to lungs and back to the heart

Systemic CirculationCarries blood to body and back to the heart

Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation3 types of vessels

ArteriesCapillariesVeins

Artery vs. Vein

Arteries:carries blood Away from heart

LargeThick-walled, MuscularElasticOxygenated blood Exception Pulmonary ArteryCarried under great pressureSteady pulsatingArterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue

Capillaries

Smallest vesselMicroscopicWalls one cell thickNutrients and gases diffuse here

Veins:Carries blood to heart

Carries blood that contains waste and CO2Exception pulmonary veinBlood not under much pressureValves to prevent much gravity pull

Venules: larger than capillaries

Varicose VeinsDamaged Valves in Veins

Your Heart: The Vital PumpAt REST, the heart pumps about 5 QUARTS of blood a minute.During EXTREME EXERTION (exercise) it can pump 40 quarts a minute.

Heart:Structure and FunctionKeeps blood movingLarge organ composed of Cardiac muscle

Structure of HeartFour chambers

Two upper (Atria)Right AtriaLeft AtriaTwo lower (Ventricles)Right VentricleLeft Ventricle

Bloods Path Through the HeartBoth Atria fill at same time

Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body via the vena cavas

Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins

After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle

Both ventricles contract

Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs, against gravity, through pulmonary arteries

Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood out of heart through aorta (largest vessel)Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)

The BloodBody contains 4-6 LConsists of

WaterRed Blood CellsPlasmaWhite blood cells and platelets

Erythrocytes (RBC)Transporters of

OxygenCarbon DioxideRBC are produced in red bone marrow of

ribs, humerus, femur, sternum, and other long bones

Leukocytes (WBC)WBC fight infection

Attack foreign substancesLess abundantLarge cells

PlateletsPLATELETS are for CLOTTING bloodCell fragmentsProduced in bone marrowFibrin (sticky network of protein fibers)

Form a web trapping blood cells

Section 37-2Blood ClottingBreak in Capillary Wall

Blood vessels injured.Clumping of Platelets

Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..Clot Forms

Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..

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Blood TypesMassive loss of blood requires a transfusionFour Types

ABABOInherited from your parents

Blood Types

What happens when you mix blood types?Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigensIf you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPINGType O is the universal donor Type AB is the universal acceptor

What Makes Our Blood Type?

Blood Type of DonorA

B

AB

OBlood Type of RecipientA B AB OUnsuccessful transfusionSuccessful transfusionBlood Transfusions

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Rh FactorRhesus factor (Rh), also inherited

Rh+ (have antigen)Rh- (NO antigen)Can cause complications in pregnancies

mother Rh- 1st baby Rh+ : blood mixes with mother; mothers body makes anti-Rh+ antibodies2nd Rh + body attacks babyNow have medicine to prevent antibody formation

Getting to the Heart of the Matter

ENGAGE1. Walt Disneys 1957 Hemo the Magnificent

2. Play song from St. Josephs Aspirin Commercial (originally in Happy Days episode) at:http://www.stjosephaspirin.com/page.jhtml?id=/stjoseph/include/5_2.inc

LyricsPump, pump, pumps your Blood.The right atriums where the process begins, where the CO2 Blood enters the heart.Through the tricuspid valve, to the right ventricle, the pulmonary artery, and lungs.Once inside the lungs, it dumps its carbon dioxide and picks up its oxygen supply.Then its back to the heart through the pulmonary vein, through the atrium and left ventricle.Pump, pump, pumps your Blood.

EXPLORECirculatory System Simulation

EXPLAINCirculation Coloring Activity

1. Color the path of oxygenated blood red.2. Color the path of deoxygenated blood blue3. Label the following structures on the above diagram:Aorta Left AtriaRight Atria Left Ventricle Right VentricleLungs Vena CavaTissues of the BodyCapillaries

4. Use arrows to indicate blood flow direction.

ELABORATECirculation Relay

What is Blood Made of?

What is Blood Made of?CANDY RED HOTS 44%: Red Blood Cells (RBCs) - carry oxygen and carbon dioxide around body, RBCs only live for about 3 months but are continuously produced in the bone marrow.CORN SYRUP 55%: Plasma/Water - syrupy, thick, clear, yellowish liquid that carries dissolved food and wastes in water.WHITE JELLY BEANS 1/2%: White Blood Cells (WBCs) - bigger than RBCs, oddly-shaped cells that 'eat' bits of old blood cells and attack germs.CANDY SPRINKLES 1/2%: Platelets - bits of cells and cytoplasm that help your blood clot.

EVALUATE Given a drawing the student will label and describe the functions of the four major parts of the circulatory system: Heart, arteries, veins and capillaries. After participating the circulatory relay simulation, the learner will travel the correct circulation pathway beginning at the left ventricle and ending at the left atrium. After participating in the blood activity, the learner will list the following four components of the blood: RBC, WBC, Plasma and Platelets and describe the function of blood.

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