2
7KH 1DWLRQDO 5RDG 6DIHW\ &RXQFLO 156& KDV SUHSDUHG WKLV 5RDG 6DIHW\ ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6KHHW ZLWK UHVSHFW WR GULQNLQJ DQG GULYLQJ ,W LV EDVHG RQ WKH PRVW UHFHQWO\ DYDLODEOH DF FLGHQW GDWD FRQWDLQHG LQ LWV 0$$3 $FFLGHQW 'DWDEDVH DQG DORQJ ZLWK VFL HQWLILF IDFW DQG UHVHDUFK IURP RYHUVHDV WKDW LV DSSOLFDEOH WR 31* 7KH LQWHQW RI WKH UH SRUW LV WR KLJKOLJKW WKH NH\ URDG VDIHW\ LV VXHV UHODWHG WR GULQNLQJ DQG GULYLQJ DQG WR LGHQWLI\ SRVVLEOH ZD\V WR UHGXFH WKH QXPEHU RI DOFRKRO UHODWHG URDG GHDWKV DQG LQMXULHV LQ 31* 'XULQJ DQG RYHU RQH KXQGUHG SHRSOH ZHUH NLOOHG LQ D URDG DFFLGHQW LQ ZKLFK D GULYHU ZDV VXVSHFWHG RU IRXQG WR EH XQGHU WKH LQIOXHQFH RI DOFRKRO (YHQ VPDOO DPRXQWV RI DOFRKRO FDQ UHVXOW LQ URDG XVHU LPSDLUPHQW WKURXJK SRRU MXGJH PHQW LQFUHDVHG UHDFWLRQ WLPH ORZHU DZDUH QHVV DQG GHFUHDVHG FODULW\ RI YLVLRQ $OFRKRO 5HODWHG 5RDG $FFLGHQWV DQG 'ULQN-'ULYLQJ $FFLGHQW 'DWD DW D *ODQFH · RI GULYHUV LQYROYHG LQ D UHSRUWHG IDWDO DFFL GHQW ZHUH VXVSHFWHG RU IRXQG WR EH XQGHU WKH LQIOXHQFH RI DOFRKRO · 7KH QXPEHU RI GULYHUV LQYROYHG LQ D UHSRUWHG IDWDO RU FDVXDOW\ DFFL GHQW VXVSHFWHG RU IRXQG WR EH XQGHU WKH LQIOXHQFH RI DOFRKRO LQ FUHDVHG IURP LQ WR LQ · 7KH UHSRUWHG DFFL GHQWV LQYROYLQJ RQH RU PRUH GULYHUV EHLQJ VXV SHFWHG RU IRXQG WR EH XQGHU WKH LQIOXHQFH RI DOFRKRO LQ DQG UHVXOWHG LQ GHDWKV DQG LQMXUHG SHRSOH · RI DFFLGHQWV LQYROY LQJ D GULYHU VXVSHFWHG RU IRXQG WR EH XQGHU WKH LQIOXHQFH RI DOFRKRO RF FXUUHG RQ D 6DWXUGD\ · 'UXQN GULYHUV ZHUHQ¶W MXVW D ULVN WR WKHPVHOYHV ZLWK RI DOO FDVXDO WLHV EHLQJ WKHLU SDVVHQ JHUV DQG EHLQJ SHGHVWULDQV · 'ULQNLQJ DQG GULYLQJ W\SLFDOO\ UHVXOWHG LQ GULYHUV VSHHGLQJ ORVLQJ FRQWURO RI WKHLU YHKLFOH QRW SD\LQJ DWWHQWLRQ WR WKH URDG RU IDOOLQJ DVOHHS DW WKH ZKHHO ,QIRUPDWLRQ 6KHHW 52$' 6$)(7< ,1)250$7,21 6+((7 '5,1.,1* $1' '5,9,1* )LJXUH 1XPEHU RI $OFRKRO 5HODWHG $FFLGHQWV E\ 'D\ RI :HHN 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

7KH UHSRUWHG DFFL SHRSOH ZHUH NLOOHG LQ …RI EDFNJURXQG URDG VDIHW\ GRFXPHQWV DLPHG DW LPSURYLQJ URDG XVHU DZDUHQHVV LQ 31* &RQWDFW 0U 1HOVRQ 7HUHPD ([HFXWLYH 'LUHFWRU 2XU YLVLRQ

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: 7KH UHSRUWHG DFFL SHRSOH ZHUH NLOOHG LQ …RI EDFNJURXQG URDG VDIHW\ GRFXPHQWV DLPHG DW LPSURYLQJ URDG XVHU DZDUHQHVV LQ 31* &RQWDFW 0U 1HOVRQ 7HUHPD ([HFXWLYH 'LUHFWRU 2XU YLVLRQ

7KH�1DWLRQDO�5RDG�6DIHW\�&RXQFLO� �156&�KDV� SUHSDUHG� WKLV�5RDG�6DIHW\� ,QIRUPDWLRQ�6KHHW�ZLWK�UHVSHFW�WR�GULQNLQJ�DQG�GULYLQJ��,W�LV�EDVHG�RQ�WKH�PRVW�UHFHQWO\�DYDLODEOH�DF�FLGHQW�GDWD�FRQWDLQHG�LQ�LWV�0$$3�$FFLGHQW�'DWDEDVH� ������DQG��������DORQJ�ZLWK�VFL�HQWLILF�IDFW�DQG�UHVHDUFK�IURP�RYHUVHDV�WKDW�LV� DSSOLFDEOH� WR�31*�� 7KH� LQWHQW� RI� WKH� UH�SRUW� LV� WR� KLJKOLJKW� WKH� NH\� URDG� VDIHW\� LV�VXHV� UHODWHG� WR�GULQNLQJ�DQG�GULYLQJ�DQG� WR�LGHQWLI\�SRVVLEOH�ZD\V�WR�UHGXFH�WKH�QXPEHU�RI� DOFRKRO� UHODWHG� URDG� GHDWKV� DQG� LQMXULHV�LQ�31*�

'XULQJ� ����� DQG� ������ RYHU� RQH� KXQGUHG�SHRSOH� ZHUH� NLOOHG� LQ� D� URDG� DFFLGHQW� LQ�ZKLFK� D� GULYHU� ZDV� VXVSHFWHG�� RU� IRXQG� WR�EH�XQGHU�WKH�LQIOXHQFH�RI�DOFRKRO���

(YHQ�VPDOO�DPRXQWV�RI�DOFRKRO�FDQ�UHVXOW�LQ�URDG� XVHU� LPSDLUPHQW� WKURXJK� SRRU� MXGJH�PHQW��LQFUHDVHG�UHDFWLRQ�WLPH��ORZHU�DZDUH�QHVV�DQG�GHFUHDVHG�FODULW\�RI�YLVLRQ��

$OFRKRO�5HODWHG�5RDG�$FFLGHQWV �����DQG���������������'ULQN-'ULYLQJ���������

$FFLGHQW��'DWD�DW�D�*ODQFH

· ����RI� GULYHUV� LQYROYHG�LQ� D� UHSRUWHG� IDWDO� DFFL�GHQW� ZHUH� VXVSHFWHG� RU�IRXQG� WR� EH� XQGHU� WKH�LQIOXHQFH�RI�DOFRKRO�

· 7KH� QXPEHU� RI� GULYHUV�LQYROYHG� LQ� D� UHSRUWHG�IDWDO� RU� FDVXDOW\� DFFL�GHQW�� VXVSHFWHG� RU�IRXQG� WR� EH� XQGHU� WKH�LQIOXHQFH� RI� DOFRKRO� LQ�FUHDVHG� IURP� ���� LQ������WR�����LQ�������

· 7KH� ���� UHSRUWHG� DFFL�GHQWV� LQYROYLQJ� RQH� RU�PRUH�GULYHUV� EHLQJ� VXV�SHFWHG� RU� IRXQG� WR� EH�XQGHU� WKH� LQIOXHQFH� RI�DOFRKRO� LQ� ����� DQG������� UHVXOWHG� LQ� ����GHDWKV� DQG� ���� LQMXUHG�SHRSOH�

· ����RI�DFFLGHQWV�LQYROY�LQJ� D� GULYHU� VXVSHFWHG�RU�IRXQG�WR�EH�XQGHU�WKH�LQIOXHQFH� RI� DOFRKRO� RF�FXUUHG�RQ�D�6DWXUGD\�

· 'UXQN� GULYHUV� ZHUHQ¶W�MXVW�D�ULVN�WR�WKHPVHOYHV�ZLWK� ���� RI� DOO� FDVXDO�WLHV� EHLQJ� WKHLU� SDVVHQ�JHUV� DQG� ���� EHLQJ�SHGHVWULDQV��

· 'ULQNLQJ� DQG� GULYLQJ�W\SLFDOO\� UHVXOWHG� LQ�GULYHUV� VSHHGLQJ�� ORVLQJ�FRQWURO� RI� WKHLU� YHKLFOH��QRW� SD\LQJ� DWWHQWLRQ� WR�WKH� URDG� RU� IDOOLQJ�DVOHHS�DW�WKH�ZKHHO�

,QIRUPDWLRQ�6KHHW��

����

52$'�6$)(7<�,1)250$7,21�6+((7

'5,1.,1*�$1'�'5,9,1*

)LJXUH�����1XPEHU�RI�$OFRKRO�5HODWHG�$FFLGHQWV�E\�'D\�RI�:HHN�������������

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Page 2: 7KH UHSRUWHG DFFL SHRSOH ZHUH NLOOHG LQ …RI EDFNJURXQG URDG VDIHW\ GRFXPHQWV DLPHG DW LPSURYLQJ URDG XVHU DZDUHQHVV LQ 31* &RQWDFW 0U 1HOVRQ 7HUHPD ([HFXWLYH 'LUHFWRU 2XU YLVLRQ

32�%R[����� %RURNR

1DWLRQDO�&DSLWDO�'LVWULFW 3DSXD�1HZ�*XLQHD

1DWLRQDO�5RDG�6DIHW\�&RXQFLO

5HVHDUFK�FDUULHG�RXW� LQ�31*�VRPH�\HDUV�DJR� IRXQG� WKH� IROORZLQJ�DWWLWXGHV�DQG�EHOLHIV�WR�GULQNLQJ�DQG�GULYLQJ�

$WWLWXGHV�WR�'ULQNLQJ�DQG�'ULYLQJ

3KRQH������������������ )D[������������������

:HEVLWH��ZZZ��QUVF�JRY�SJ

7KH�156&�LV�D�VWDWXWRU\�DXWKRULW\�VHW�XS�E\� WKH� 156&� $FW� ����� WR� FRRUGLQDWH��SURPRWH�DQG�UHSRUW�RQ�URDG�VDIHW\���7KLV�,QIRUPDWLRQ�6KHHW� IRUPV�SDUW�RI�D�VHULHV�RI� EDFNJURXQG� URDG� VDIHW\� GRFXPHQWV�DLPHG�DW�LPSURYLQJ�URDG�XVHU�DZDUHQHVV�LQ�31*�

&RQWDFW�� 0U� 1HOVRQ� 7HUHPD�� ([HFXWLYH���'LUHFWRU

2XU�YLVLRQ� 7R�PDNH�31*�URDGV�WKH�VDIHVW�LQ�WKH�

:HVWHUQ�3DFLILF

%H�RXU�SDUWQHU����

5HFRPPHQGDWLRQV�DQG�6DIHW\�7LSV $OO� URDG� XVHUV� �GULYHUV�� SDVVHQJHUV�DQG�SHGHVWULDQV���DUH�DW�ULVN�RI�EHLQJ�LQYROYHG� LQ� DQ� DFFLGHQW� DIWHU� FRQ�VXPLQJ� DOFRKRO� DQG�RU� GUXJV�� )RU�LQVWDQFH�� GUXQN� SDVVHQJHUV� FDQ�HDVLO\� IDOO� RXW� RI� D� 309�� ZKLOVW� SH�GHVWULDQV� FDQ� VWDJJHU� LQWR� WKH� SDWK�RI� RQFRPLQJ� YHKLFOHV� DQG� FDXVH� DQ�DFFLGHQW��� ZKLOVW� GULYHUV� RI� YHKLFOHV�KDYH� SDUWLFXODU� � UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV� WR�HQVXUH� WKH\� DQG� WKHLU� SDVVHQJHUV�DUH�VDIH��

7KH� VDPH� DPRXQW� RI� DOFRKRO� ZLOO�DIIHFW� GLIIHUHQW� SHRSOH� LQ� GLIIHUHQW�ZD\V� -� PDOHV� DQG� IHPDOHV� DEVRUE�DOFRKRO�DW�GLIIHUHQW�UDWHV��ZKLOVW��\RXU�ERG\�VKDSH�DQG�VL]H��DV�ZHOO�DV�WKH�DPRXQW� RI� IRRG� LQ� \RXU� VWRPDFK� DOO�KDYH� DQ� LPSDFW� RQ� KRZ� GUXQN� \RX�ZLOO� EHFRPH�� DV�ZHOO� DV� WKH� DPRXQW�FRQVXPHG� DQG� WKH� OHQJWK� RI� WLPH�VSHQW�GULQNLQJ��

7KH�PRUH�D�SHUVRQ�GULQNV��WKH�PRUH�GUXQN� WKDW� SHUVRQ� EHFRPHV�� � <RXU�ERG\� W\SLFDOO\� WDNHV���KRXU� WR�EUHDN�

GRZQ� WKH� DOFRKRO� LQ� �� VWDQGDUG� GULQN� -�DSSUR[LPDWHO\� ���VWXEE\�RI�63�ODJHU�RU�D�VPDOO�JODVV�����PO��RI�ZLQH�RU�D�VKRW�RI�VSLULWV��ZKLVNH\��UXP��JLQ��YRGND�HWF���,I�\RX¶YH�EHHQ�GULQNLQJ�ODWH�DW�QLJKW��\RX�PD\� VWLOO� EH� GUXQN� WKH� IROORZLQJ� PRUQ�LQJ�

'ULYHUV�

· 'RQ¶W�GULQN�DQG�WKHQ�GULYH�

· 'RQ¶W�GULQN�ZKLOVW�\RX¶UH�GULYLQJ�

· ,I� \RX¶UH� SODQQLQJ� RQ� GULQNLQJ�� JLYH�\RXU� FDU� NH\V� WR� VRPHRQH� HOVH� WR�GULYH�RU�RUJDQLVH�D�OLIW�ZLWK�D�IULHQG�

3DVVHQJHUV�

· 'RQ¶W�JHW�LQWR�D�PRWRU�YHKLFOH�ZLWK�D�

GULYHU�WKDW�KDV�EHHQ�GULQNLQJ�

· 'RQ¶W� FRQVXPH�DOFRKRO�ZKLOVW� LQ� WKH�

YHKLFOH�

6HFWLRQ� ��� RI� WKH� 0RWRU� 7UDIILF� $FW�VWDWHV�WKDW�LW�LV�DQ�RIIHQFH�WR�GULYH��RU�DWWHPSW� WR� GULYH�� D� PRWRU� YHKLFOH�ZKLOVW� XQGHU� WKH� LQIOXHQFH� RI�µLQWR[LFDWLQJ� OLTXRU� RU� D�GUXJ¶�� �'ULQN-GULYHUV� FDXJKW� E\� WKH� 3ROLFH� � IDFH�ILQHV�DQG�RU�LPSULVRQPHQW�

:KLOVW�GULQN�GULYLQJ�LV�DQ�LOOHJDO�DFWLYL�W\�� OHJLVODWLRQ� GRHV� QRW� \HW� GHILQH� RU�VSHFLI\�µGUXQN¶�LQ�WHUPV�RI�EORRG�DOFR�KRO� RU� EUHDWK� DOFRKRO� FRQFHQWUDWLRQV��3ROLFH� 2IILFHUV� W\SLFDOO\� GHWHUPLQH��GUXQNHQQHVV� EDVHG� RQ� WKH� VPHOO� RI�DOFRKRO�RQ�D�GULYHU¶V�EUHDWK��WKH�SUHV�HQFH� RI� � DOFRKRO� LQ� WKH� YHKLFOH� RU� E\�WHVWLQJ� GULYHU� FRRUGLQDWLRQ�� � %UHDWKD�O\VHUV�DUH�QRW�\HW�XVHG�

(1)25&(0(17�$1'�(48,30(17

5HVHDUFK� IURP�DFURVV� WKH�ZRUOG� WHOOV�XV�WKDW��OHJLVODWLRQ�PXVW�EH�UHYLVHG�WR��VHW�PD[LPXP�EORRG�DQG�EUHDWK�DOFR�KRO� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ� OHYHOV�� DQG� WKDW�WHVWLQJ�HTXLSPHQW�PXVW�EH�LQWURGXFHG�DQG� XVHG� E\� WKH� 3ROLFH� LQ� RUGHU� WR��EHWWHU�HQIRUFH�WKH�WUDIILF�UXOHV��

8VLQJ� VXFK� HTXLSPHQW�� WDUJHWHG� HQ�IRUFHPHQW� VXFK� DV� RQ� 6DWXUGD\�QLJKWV��DV�ZHOO�DV�UDQGRP�EUHDWK�WHVW�FDQ�EH�FDUULHG�RXW�

$:$5(1(66

$Q\�FKDQJH� LQ� OHJLVODWLRQ�ZLOO� UHTXLUH�H[WHQVLYH� SURPRWLRQ� LQ� RUGHU� IRU� WKH�SRSXODWLRQ� WR� XQGHUVWDQG� KRZ� EORRG�DQG� EUHDWK� DOFRKRO� FRQFHQWUDWLRQ�OHYHOV� RSHUDWH� DQG� WKH� LPSDFW� WKDW�YDULRXV�DPRXQWV�RI�DOFRKRO�KDV�XSRQ�VRPHRQH¶V�EORRG�RU�EUHDWK�OHYHOV���

6LPLODUO\�� WDUJHWHG� QDWLRQDO� DQG� ORFDO�DGYHUWLVLQJ� FDPSDLJQV� RQ� WKH� GDQ�JHUV�RI�GULQN�GULYLQJ�VKRXOG�EH�FDUULHG�RXW�WR�VXSSRUW�WKH�HQIRUFHPHQW�

'ULQN�'ULYLQJ�DQG�WKH�/DZ

· $OPRVW� DOO� SHRSOH� WKDW� GUDQN� DQG�

FRXOG� DOVR� GULYH� KDG�� WR� VRPH�H[WHQW��GULYHQ�ZKLOVW�GUXQN�

· 7KHUH� ZDV� D� JHQHUDO� FRQVHQVXV�WKDW� GULQN� GULYLQJ� FRXOG� EH� IDWDO�ZLWK�IDU�UHDFKLQJ�FRQVHTXHQFHV�

· 7KHUH� ZDV� D� JHQHUDO� FRQVHQVXV�WKDW� WKH� EUHDWKDO\VHU� VKRXOG� EH�LQWURGXFHG�LQWR�31*�

· 7KHUH� ZDV� OLWWOH� RU� QR� SHUFHSWLRQ�RI�VDIH�GULQN�GULYH�OLPLWV�

· 7KHUH� ZDV� D� YHU\� GLVWRUWHG� SHU�FHSWLRQ� RQ� KRZ� PXFK� DOFRKRO� LW�WDNHV�WR�JHW�GUXQN�

· )HPDOHV� ZHUH� PRUH� FRQFHUQHG� DQG�

PRWLYDWHG� WR� SUHYHQW� DOFRKRO� DEXVH�WKDQ�PHQ�

· 0DOHV�ZHUH�PRUH�VXVFHSWLEOH�WR�KDELW�

XDO� GULQNLQJ� DQG� KDYH� VRFLDO� SUHV�VXUHV�WR�GULQN�FRPSDUHG�ZLWK�IHPDOHV�

· )HPDOHV� ZHUH� LQIOXHQWLDO� LQ� FKDQJLQJ�

EHKDYLRU��SDUWLFXODUO\�ZLWK�WKH�IDPLO\�

· <RXQJHU� SHRSOH� ZHUH� PRUH� DZDUH�

DQG� KDG� JUHDWHU� IHDU� RI� WKH� FRQVH�TXHQFHV� RI� DOFRKRO� DEXVH� WKDQ� ROGHU�SHRSOH�

�6RXUFH��+LOOV�%�DQG�7KRPSVRQ�1��5RDG�6DIHW\��5HVHDUFK�LQ�3DSXD�1HZ�*XLQHD��75/��