7450 Hardware

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7450 ESSHardware

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All Rights Reserved © Alcatel-Lucent 2008

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7450 Ethernet Service SwitchHardware

Objectives

Upon successful completion of this module, you will be able to describe:

The differences in the chassis and system architecture of the ESS-7 and the ESS-12 compared to the ESS-17450 ESS system componentsThe system architecture of the cardsThe difference between the control and data planeA packet walkthrough

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7450 ESS-17450 ESS-6/6V7450 ESS-7

1 Tb/s system capacity 10 I/O slots –20 MDA/ISA slots50 Gb/s per-slot, scalingSeamless IOM3-XP upgrade to 50 Gb/scapacity on a per slot basis

40 Gb/s system capacitySemi-modular platformFixed I/O with 2 MDA/ISA slots

500 Gb/s system capacity 5 I/O slots –10 MDA/ISA slots50 Gb/s per-slot, scalingSeamless IOM3-XP upgrade to 50 Gb/scapacity on a per slot basis

320 Gb/s system capacity 4 I/O slots –8 MDA/ISA slots40 Gb/s per-slotSeamless IOM3-XP upgrade to 40 Gb/scapacity on a per slot basis

7450 ESS-12

3 | 7450 ESS Overview | June 2009

The Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS Family

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The Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS Family

• Four chassis options – 1, 6, 7 and 12 slots• Carrier-class reliability combined with high

density in a small footprint• System capacities scalable from 20 Gbps to

200 Gbps (400 Gbps in future)• Modular design – removable IOM, SF/CPM,

and MDAs• Common operating system

12345AB

Slot

MDA

1 2

ESS-7

MDA

1 2

A1 ESS-1

Slot

1 2 3 4 5 A B 6 7 8 9 10

1

MDA

2

ESS-12

12AB34

Slot

ESS-6

The Alcatel-Lucent Ethernet Service Switch comes in four chassis options: the ESS-1, the ESS-6, the ESS-7, and the ESS-12.

The modular design of the 7450 provides the ability to add or remove hot-swappable cards as required. There are two types of card slots:

SF/CPM Card SlotThe Switch Fabric (SF) and Control Processing Module (CPM) contains the switch fabric and the control

processor complex. The switch fabric consists of multiple switching elements that are responsible for sending cells received on one port out another. The processor complex is responsible for the overall control of the system.

IOM Card SlotI/O modules (IOM) are responsible for connecting media dependent adaptors (MDA), which provide

physical interface termination, into the system. The IOM processes received frames from an interface to accomplish all switching decisions. It implements per service QoS functions, access control lists (ACLs) and accounting, formats frames into cells to be switched through the core fabric, and sends cells to the fabric. Frames to be sent out interfaces are first received from the fabric as cells, re-assembled into frames and processed to accomplish egress specific encapsulation as well as per service egress QoS, filtering and accounting functions.

A CPU section manages the forwarding hardware in each Flexible FastPath complex and participates in the distributed control plane used in the system.

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The ESS-12 Shelf

ESS-12 features:Slots for up to ten 20 GbpsIOM cards Two hot-swappable SF/CPM card slots; 200 Gbps or 400 Gbps SF/CPM cards available; 400 Gbps cards have capacity to handle future 40 Gbps IOM cardsUp to twenty hot-swappable MDAsHot-swappable cooling fansSwitch fabric/control redundancy when two SF/CPMs installedPower redundancy when two DC power sources connected

The ESS-12, with 12 vertical slots, is the largest of the Ethernet Service Switches. The chassis weighs approximately 73 lbs (33 kg) and fits into a standard 19 inch rack.

The 2 slots in the middle are reserved for two SF/CPM cards. Two SF/CPM cards provides for full switching and control redundancy. The remaining 10 slots are available for IOM cards. Each IOM card can hold two MDAs.

All the modules (SF/CPM, IOM, MDA, cooling fans, air filter and power modules) are hot-swappable, field-replaceable units.

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The ESS-12 Front and Rear

1

1

2

2

6

5

37

4

8 9

1

2

6

74 5

3 8

ESS-12 Front1. Cable management system2. IOM slot numbers (from 1 to 10 left to right)3. MDA 14. MDA 25. IOM slot blank panel6. SF/CPM A7. SF/CPM B8. Air vent9. ESD strap connector

ESS-12 Rear

1. Grounding lugs2. Cooling fan trays3. DC PEM4. Safety cover5. DC power ON/OFF switch6. DC power connector7. DC power return connector8. AC supply status connector

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Alcatel-Lucent 7740 ESS SF/CPM Cards

Redundant SF/CPMsare supported on the ESS-6, the ESS-7 and

the ESS-12

The Switch Fabric/Control Processing Module: SF/CPM.

Available in 500Gbps (half-duplex) and 1Tbps (half-duplex) ESS Variations:

ESS-11 SF/CPM integrated with the IOM on the motherboard. No redundancy possible.

ESS-62 load sharing, redundant SF/CPMs, located in slots A and B. Full redundancy.



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SF/CPM Front Panel (ESS-6 / ESS-7 / ESS-12)

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

LEDs

1. BITs port2. DTE/DCE selector for the console port3. Serial console port4. Serial auxiliary port (currently not supported)5. Alarm port6. Alarm cutoff/lamp test button7. Ethernet management port8. Compact flash card slots

1. BITS port: a RJ-45 connector, used for a network clock source.2. DTE/DCE selector for the console port: This allows the use of either straight through or cross-over

cable connections to the console port. 3. Serial console port: a DB-9 serial port used to connect a terminal or PC. Used for initial system

startup as well as system configuration and monitoring. The default port configuration is 115200, 8, N, 1.

4. Auxiliary port: a DB-9 serial port, used to connect a modem (currently not supported in software. The 7450 ESS OS software does not provide a means of configuring the device).

5. Alarm port: a DB-9 serial port, used to connect to external alarm devices that report conditions that trigger critical or major alarms.

6. Audible Alarm Cutoff/Lamp Test (AAC/LT) button: pressing the button verifies the operability of LED’s. The Audible Alarm Cutoff is used to silence external alarms until the next alarm condition occurs.

7. Management Ethernet port connector and LEDs:Link LED: Amber indicates 10 M/bps

Amber (blinking) indicates half-duplex modeGreen indicates 100 M/bpsUnlit indicates operationally down

Data LED: Green (blinking) indicates RX/TX activityAmber (blinking) indicates an error condition

8. Compact flash (CF) cards, cf1 ,cf2, and cf3: • cf1 and cf2 are used for logging, configuration, image file backups• cf3 stores the Boot Loader File and the Boot Options File (and possiblly the boot image and

configuration files – configurable)

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Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS IOMs, MDAs and SFPs

Small Form-Factor Pluggable (SFP) optics

2 MDAs per IOM

10 IOMs per ESS-125 IOMs per ESS-74 IOMs per ESS-6

IOM’s and MDAs are hot-swappable on the same platform

Many types of MDAs

Two modes of IOMsMany types of SFPs

The Input/Output Module: IOM.The ESS-7 and ESS-12 support three IOM types which result in two chassis modes:

Mode a – The default mode corresponding to the 20 Gbps IOM with 2MB Pchip memory, called “iom-20g” and with 10 Gbps, called the “iom-10g”.

Mode b – The mode corresponding to the 20Gbps IOM with 4MB of PChip memory, called “iom-20g-b”.

The Media Dependent Adaptor: MDA.There are many types of MDAs, a few examples are: 60-port 10/100 Base TX Ethernet MDA, 20-port

100BaseFX MDA, 5/10-port Gigabit Ethernet MDA, 1-port 10GigEthernet MDA, 4-port OC-3c/STM-1/OC-12c/STM-4 ATM MDA, 1-port OC-192c/STM-64 SONET/SDH MDA, and many more. The wide variety of MDAs assures the flexibility to the user to build the network according to the needs.

The Small From-factor Pluggable transceiver: SFP.The SFPs are small optical modules available in a variety of formats and allow the hot-swappable

replacement of a single module instead of an entire board.

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ESS Family

7450 ESS-17450 ESS-77450 ESS-12

Dimensions

Redundancy

Media Dependent Adaptors (MDAs)

I/O Slots

Bandwidth (full-duplex, redundant)

24.5”H x 17.5”W x 25.25”D

AC Power (1 + 1)DC Power (1 + 1)

Cooling Fans (2 + 1)Switch Fabrics/Control

Processor Modules (SF/CPM) (1 + 1)

20

10

400G

14”H x 17.5”W x 23.5”D




10

5

200G

2.625"H x 17.5"W x 22.25"D

AC power (1+1)DC power (1+1)

Cooling Fans

2

1 (Integrated on the chassis board)

20G

14”H x 17.5”W x 25.6”D




8

4

80G

7450 ESS-6

The chassis and system architecture of the ESS-6 and the ESS-7 are very similar to the ESS-12. The main difference being that the ESS-6 has 4 and the ESS-7 has only 5 IOM slots rather than 10 like the ESS-12.

The chassis and system architecture of the ESS-1 integrates the IOM and SF/CPM system components onto one motherboard. The functionality is similar to the other ESS types but uses a virtual backplane switching function instead of a physical SF card. The ESS-1 does not support control plane redundancy.




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Chassis modes

N/AN/AD

N/AN/AC

Enhanced Subscriber ManagementPer-VC/Per-SDP Octet CountersRouted CO and Layer3 Group Interfaces

IOM-10g

IOM-20g-b

B

Supported for configuration compatibilityIOM-20g not supported

IOM-10g

IOM-20g-b

A

Features/ScalingIOM SupportChassisMode

7450 ESS-6, ESS-7, & ESS-12

iom-3xpiom-20g = 2M IOMiom-20g-b = 4M IOMiom-10g = IOM (7450 only)

If the chassis mode is not explicitly provisioned in the configuration file, the chassis will come up in Mode A by default.

Note: Chassis mode does not apply to the ESS-1




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System Boot Behavior

Comes online if provisioned as iom-10g. iom-10g

Comes online if provisioned as iom-20g or iom-20g-b. iom-20g-b

Will not come online regardless of provisioning – generates a log message.

iom-20g

BehaviorIOM

Comes online if provisioned as iom-10g. iom-10g

Comes online only if provisioned as iom-20g-b. iom-20g-b

Will not come online regardless of provisioning – generates a log message.

iom-20g

BehaviorIOM

Mode A 1 (ESS-1, ESS-6, ESS-7, & ESS-12)

Mode B 2 (ESS-6, ESS-7 & ESS-12)

1 Default mode.

2 Must be configured.




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7450 ESS-1 Support

ESS-1 (2M) not supported

ESS-1 (4M):Enhanced Subscriber Management (L2 TPSDA only)per-VC/per-SDP Octet CountersWeb RD

Comes online in chassis Mode A.ESS-1 (4M)

Will not come online regardless of provisioning –generates a log message.

ESS-1 (2M)

BehaviorChassis

There is no Chassis Mode command for the ESS-1, the default and only chassis mode is Mode A.




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7450 ESS Ethernet MDAs

200/20100/1080/820/210/11/10 Gb/s1/10 Gigabit Ethernet

4020164210 Gb/s10 Gigabit Ethernet

201082110 Gb/s10 Gigabit Ethernet 2

40020016040201 Gb/sGigabit Ethernet

2001008020101 Gb/sGigabit Ethernet 1

4002001604020100 Mb/s100-Base FX Ethernet

400200160402010/100/1000 Mb/s

10/100/1000 Ethernet

12006004801206010/100 Mb/s10/100 Ethernet

ESS-12ESS-7ESS-6ESS-1

Ports per 7450 ESSPorts per MDA

Interface Speed

MDA Type

2 Fixed optics version not supported on the iom-10g.1 Rev. B not supported on the iom-10g.




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7450 ESS Ethernet SFP Types

RangeWavelengthFiber TypeConnectorSub-TypeInterface Type

10 Km1310 nmSingle-modeXFP-LCLR

300 m850 nmSingle-modeXFP-LCESS

80 Km1550 nmSingle-modeSimplex SCZR

40 Km1550 nmSingle-modeSimplex SCER

10 Km1310 nmSingle-modeSimplex SCLR10G Base

70 Km1470-1610 nmSingle-modeSFP-LCCWDM

100 mCopperCopperSFP-RJ45TX

70 Km1550 nmSingle-modeSFP-LCZX

40 Km1310 nmSingle-modeSFP-LCEX

10 Km1310 nmSingle-modeSFP-LCLX

550 m850 nmMultimodeSFP-LCSX1000 Base

25 Km1310 nmSingle-modeSFP-LCFX

2 Km1310 nmMultimodeSFP-LCFX100 Base

100 mCopperCopperRJ-45TX10/100/1000 Base

100 mCopperCopperVHDCI/RJ-21TX10/100 Base




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7450 ESS SONET/SDH MDAs

804032842.48 Gb/sOC-48c/STM-16c

402016422.48 Gb/sOC-48c/STM-16c

3201601283216622 Mb/sOC-12c/STM-4cOC-3c/STM-1c

1608064168622 Mb/sOC-12c/STM-4cOC-3c/STM-1c

3201601283216155 Mb/sOC-3c/STM-1c

ESS-12ESS-7ESS-6ESS-1


Interface Speed

MDA Type

Note: POS MDAs are not supported on the iom-10g.




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7450 ESS SONET/SDH SFP Types

42Km/15Km1550 nmSingle-ModeSFP-LCIR-2/S-16.2


12Km/2Km1310 nmSingle-ModeSFP-LCESS-1/I-16OC-48/STM-16

85Km/80Km1550 nmSingle-ModeSFP-LCLR-2/L-4.2


12Km/2Km1310 nmSingle-ModeSFP-LCESS-1/I-4

2 Km1310 nmSingle-ModeSFP-LCESS-0OC-12/STM-4

50Km/40Km1310 nmSingle-ModeSFP-LCLR-1/L-1.1


2 Km1310 nmMultimodeSFP-LCESS-0OC-3/STM-1




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Input/Output Modules (IOM3-XP)

Fully-distributed forwarding & packet processingUp to 50 Gbps wire-rate forwarding

Traffic forwarding engine is based on massive array of network processorsL2/L3 encapsulationIPv4/IPv6//MPLS/MAC forwarding lookup

Distributed control plane CPU for local processing of critical control plane functionsFully hot-swappableSophisticated traffic management with each queue assignable to:

A subscriberAn application for queuing, policing and shapingA service for billing counters

64K hierarchical queues/IOMUp to 1M hierarchical policers2M 2-tier MAC FIBs

Massive Service Scale

IOM3-XP

A 7450 ESS will be able to operate with a mix of 50Gbps IOM3-XP and 20 Gbps IOM-b and IOM-2s as well as IMMs allowing the customer to replace the 20 Gbps IOMs as capacity demands increase.

The 7450 ESS IOM3-XPs:

Up to 50 Gbps of forwarding performance per each IOM3-XP, up to 25 Gbps per MDA slot

Supported in both the 7450 ESS-12 and 7450 ESS-7 chassis

Support for most of the existing MDAs with backward and forward compatibility as per latest SR OS Release Notes.

Supports all new high performance MDA-XP

Supports hot removal and hot insertion

64K queues that can be flexibly assigned to any MDA or port, and to either ingress or egress

Support in hardware for synchronous Ethernet timing for all optical SFP applications. (Note: SynchE is not supported on the ESS1 platform)

Can co-exist and is interoperable with IOM2-20g and IOM-20g-b IOMs (must use Chassis Mode that aligns with the earliest generation of IOM installed)

Support for chassis “Mode D” when a chassis is configured entirely with IOM3-XP IOMs

Support expanded scalability, enabled in future releases of SR OS



19


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Media Dependent Adapters (MDA-XP)

Mix-and-match interface types, speed and reach for optimal slot utilizationLeading interface densitySONET/SDH and Ethernet MDA connectivitySoft-selectable 10 Gig LAN/WAN PHY

20 Port GigE SFP MDA-XP

20 Port GigE MDA-XP

2 Port 10 GigE XFP MDA-XP

4 Port 10 GigE XFP MDA-XP

MDA-XP:

Up to 25 Gbps per MDA slot

Supported in the 7450 ESS-12, 7450 ESS-7 and 7450 ESS-6 chassis

Supports hot removal and hot insertion

Support oversubscription logic able to handle traffic prioritization based on ToS or DSCP bits under overload conditions

Support in hardware for synchronous Ethernet timing for all optical SFP applications

Note: SynchE is not supported on the SR1 and ESS1 platforms

Can interoperate with IOM3-XP using the 25Gbps interface bandwidth between MDA and IOM3-XP or can can function at 10Gbps backplane when slotted into an IOM-20gb or IOM2-20g

Support for SW configurable WAN phy or LAN phy selection for the 1, 2 and 4 port 10GbE MDA-XPs

Support in hardware for synchronous Ethernet timing for all optical SFP/XFP applications

4 x 10GigE MDA-XP (XFP)

2 x 10GigE MDA-XP (XFP)

20 x GigE MDA-XP (SFP)

20 x GigE MDA-XP (RJ-45)1 x 10GigE MDA-XP with Sync-E support

10 x 1 GigE MDA-XP with Sync-E support




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Integrated Service Adapters (ISA)

Enable high-performance application-specific processingIPSec, Application Assurance, Video Services

Traffic requiring additional high-touch processing is diverted to ISA card with no performance impact on other applications Reduces the need for external platforms to support these services



2121


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Switch Fabric &Control Processor

Module

(SF/CPM)

CPU

CPU

CPU

IOM:Fully-distributed forwarding and packet processing engineUp to 50 Gbps (FD) wire-rate forwarding with services enabledUp to 10 IOMs per system

SF/CPM:Two SF/CPM per system for full redundancySwitch fabric supports up to 1 Tbps (HD)Control Processor Module for system control, centralized protocol processing and management

System Component Summary

I/O Module(IOM)

100 Gb/sBus

Auto-Detecting 10 or 25

Gb/s Bus

Media Dependant

Adapter(MDA)

Integrated Service Adapter

(ISA)

ISA:Adds advanced services to the 7450

MDA:Provide physical Line Termination2 MDAs per IOM; 20 MDAs per systemUp to 25 Gbps (FD) supported per MDA Ethernet, SONET/SDH, ATM, CES, ASAP

The slide above shows three levels in the hierarchy:

MDAs and IMMs provide the physical interfaces that receive and send the traffic over the links connected to those interfaces. The interfaces can be Ethernet, SONET/SDH, ATM/Frame Relay or channelized SONET/SDH

IOMs perform all the encapsulation and data plane forwarding operations for packets entering (ingress) and leaving (egress) the interfaces. The IOM Flexible Fast Path Complex, under the control of the IOM CPU, determines how packets are handled

The SF/CPM has two functions:

The Switch Fabric (SF) switches packets among the IOMs based on decisions made by the IOM flexible fast path.

The Control Processing Module (CPM), a dual processing complex, is the main control center of the router. It is the control plane manager and makes control decisions that are then passed down to the IOMs. The CPM functions include system control, centralized routing protocol processing (to update the IOMs in case of a change), and management.




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Control Plane v Data Plane

MDA

FFPC

MDA

FA FA

CPM

Flexible FastPath Complex

IOM

FFPC

Switch Fabric

Fabric Access

MDA

FFPC

MDA

FA FA

CPM

IOM

FFPC

Switch Fabric

Control Plane Traffic

Data Plane Traffic

Control Plane and Data Plane

An important principle to understand is the difference between a router’s control plane and data plane.

The control plane is responsible for managing functions that include configuration operations, routing protocols like OSPF and BGP, management interfaces like serial ports, telnet, and SNMP as well as error handling and logging. The control plane assures the proper operation of the router as configured by the administrator. Control plane traffic is overhead necessary for correct data plane functionality.

The data plane focuses on the actual data traffic traversing through the network. It collects packets at the ingress, performs a deep-packet inspection which provides a next-hop decision (distributed in advance by the control plane) for the packet to egress accordingly. This process, which includes encapsulation conversion, runs at wire speed.

Packets handled by data plane tasks usually travel through the device (router), while packets handled by control plane tasks usually originate or terminate at the device.




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Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS-12 System Architecture

IOM 1 IOM 10

Full duplex system backplane

1 20

10 I/O Modules (IOM)

20 Media Dependent Adapters (MDA)

Flexible Fast Path Complex

IOM local CPU forDistributed Control Plane

CPU

CPU DRAM

Flexible Fast

Path Complex

CPU DRAM

CPU DRAM

Flexible Fast

Path Complex

CPU DRAM

Dual Processing Complex Two 200 or 400 Gb/sSF/CPMs

As shown in slide above, the ESS-12 supports up to ten IOMs, each with two MDAs. All of these IOMs are connected to each other over the full duplex system backplane through the Switch Fabric on the SF/CPM. Each 400 Gbps Switch Fabric contains 8 switching elements of 50Gbps.

Two SF/CPM Cards provide full control and switching redundancy.

The Fowarding Information Base management is handled on the CPU located on each line card (IOM). The Route Table Manager is responsible for managing the control plane route table and distributing all route updates to the IOM CPU via the ICC messaging facilities. The line card (IOM) CPU then updates the FIB information for all local forwarding complexes. This IOM FIB is essentially a copy of the usable active routes from the CPM’s RTM.

The FIB is stored on the Flexible Fast Path processor. The FFPP provides hardware-accelerated assistance in the lookup of IP addresses within the FIB




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Alcatel-Lucent ESS IOM Components

MDA1

MDA2

To Fabric BTo Fabric A


FabricAccess

FabricAccess

IOMControl

CPU



512 MbDRAM

• Two 10 Gbps flexible fast path forwarding complexes per IOM, providing 20 Gbps ofthroughput

• All processing and memory resources reside on the IOM, not the MDA’s

To Fabric A

To Fabric B

To Fabric A

To Fabric B

The IOM consists of:

1. A Control CPU and memory.

2. Two 10 Gbps Flexible Fast Path complexes, one for each MDA.

3. Two Fabric Access modules that provide access to the Switch Fabric of the SF/CPM.




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Alcatel-Lucent ESS IOM – Local Processor

Local processor on each IOM:• Controls processing of local L2 and L3 Forwarding Information Bases (FIB) stored on

each IOM• Manages forwarding tables and ACLs stored in each flexible fast path• Assists with local control plane protocol interactions (routing updates and so forth)

MDA1

MDA2



FabricAccess

FabricAccess



IOMControl

CPU

512 MbDRAM

To Fabric A

To Fabric B

To Fabric A

To Fabric B

The IOM local processor is considered part of the distributed control plane, responsible for controlling the processes that help forward traffic. The processor is not part of the packet-forwarding path, but can receive or send data from any source (either 10G complex, from/to fabric, from/to MDA interface).

The local CPU also manages the MDA ports and channels, gathers statistics and billing data and provides the CPM with all necessary information on received control plane data over the ingress interfaces.




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Alcatel-Lucent ESS IOM – Traffic Manager

EgressTM

NP

NP NP

IngressTM

CAM

CAM

Memory

Memory

MemoryMemory

Memory

Ingress

Egress

MDA1

MDA2



FabricAccess

FabricAccess

IOMControl

CPU

512 MbDRAM

FA



Traffic Manager (TM)• Responsible for buffering,

policing, shaping, and otherQoS functionality

• Same chipset used on ingressand egress

• 8K ingress and egress queues• Per queue counters used

for accounting policies• 200 ms buffering at line rate on ingress and

egress

To Fabric A

To Fabric B

To Fabric A

To Fabric B

The Flexible Fast Path Complex consists of:

1. The Ingress and Egress Traffic Manager (TM) with memory.

2. Three network processors:

One for the egress TM (two on egress for IOM2-20G)

Two for the ingress TM (with Content Addressable Memory (CAM))

The traffic manager has three main functions:

Receive packet fragments from the MDA for multiple streams and re-assembles these into frames

Implement QoS policies

Pull scheduled frames from buffer memory, segment them into cells and output them; this is done twice within the Flexible Fast Path, once in the ingress role where the MDA sources frame fragments and the TM outputs fabric cells and again in the egress where the fabric sources cells and the TM outputs packet fragments to the MDA.




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Alcatel-Lucent ESS IOM – Network Processors

EgressTM

NP

NP NP

IngressTM

CAM

CAM

Memory

Memory

MemoryMemory

Memory

Network Processors• Alcatel-Lucent custom-built processor• Responsible for:

– Packet classification– L2 and L3 FIB lookups– ACL lookups

• Firmware upgradeable: New features are added easily anddon’t require hardware replacementor new chip designs

• Can be combined serially, to increaseprocessing power (eg. IOM ingress)

Ingress

Egress

MDA1

MDA2



FabricAccess

FabricAccess

IOMControl

CPU

512 MbDRAM

FA



To Fabric A

To Fabric B

To Fabric A

To Fabric B

The Network Processor (NP) performs all of the QoS classification, destination determination, encapsulation and ACL filter processing. It is completely programmable so modifications to any supported forwarding standard can be accomplished with a firmware upgrade.

The network processor supports external Content Addressable Memory (CAM) for storing ACLs and other data. It also supports external memory for storing search trees, statistics, and other data. Network processors can be stacked serially to increase the amount of processing that can be performed, and therefore the feature set that can be supported. The ingress uses two network processors stacked serially. The first NP in the chain does its processing and forwards the frame together with its results to the next NP in the chain. Egress processing is normally less intensive than ingress processing so only one NP is required at the egress.




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Flexible Fast Path Complex – Fabric Access

EgressTM

NP

NP NP

IngressTM

CAM

CAM

Memory

Memory

MemoryMemory

Memory



Switch fabric access:• Provides interconnection between

flexible fast path complexes andeach switch fabric

• Fabric access chip has 16 full duplexserial ports, allowing connection toevery switch fabric element (up to 8 on each SF/CPM card)

• Provides virtual output queues (VOQ)for switch fabric access

Ingress

Egress

MDA1

MDA2

IOMControl

CPU

512 MbDRAM

FabricAccess

FabricAccess

FabricAccess

To Fabric A

To Fabric B

To Fabric A

To Fabric B

The fabric access device (FA) connects the Flexible FastPath complexes to the switch fabric.

Each SF/CPM has up to eight Switching Elements and there could be two SF/CPM cards in a chassis. The FA device uses 16 serial full duplex ports to connect to a possible 16 switching elements. The FA device evenly spreads the load around all links and switches traffic around failed links.




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IOM Architecture & Packet Flow

MDA

MAC

MAC

Switch Fabric A

TM

NP NP

NP

TM

NP Switch Fabric B

MDA

Framer

Framer

TM

TM

NP NP

SE

SE

SE

SE

I/O Module

SF/CPM A

CPU-0

Memory

FabricAccess

FabricAccess

CAM

MEMMEM

CAM

MEM

CAM

MEM

CAM

MEM

MEM

SF/CPM B

12

3

4

5

67

8

1. Packets arriving on an interface (MDA) are passed to the ingress TM. The TM re-assembles the packets and pre-classifies the traffic as high or low priority. The TM passes the traffic on to the first ingress Network Processors (NP).

2. The first ingress NP has access to external CAMs and deep tables for ACL/MAC/IP forwarding processing. The second ingress NP provides additional processing such the prepending of control data. NP processing functions include prepending the data with inner control information and a CRC that is checked on the egress.

3. The fully processed

4. is handed back to the ingress TM. The TM can provide up to 200Ms of buffering memory that is broken down into a number of queues used for QoS handling. A scheduler sends packets to the Fabric Access (FA) device according to the configured QoS priorities.

5. Each FA device has 16 serial links connecting it to the switching elements (SE) in the SFs.

6. Each SE acts as a 32 port buffered crossbar which sends information to the FA of the destination MDA.

7. The FA device on the egress MDA sends egress traffic cells to the egress TM where they are re-assembled into frames.

8. The egress TM sends the frames to the egress NP. The egress NP returns the frames to the TM after processing (ACL lookup, encapsulation, QoS policies, CRC check).

9. The TM stores the frames according to priority in their respective queues. A scheduler feeds the packets to the framer/MAC logic on the MDA, where they are sent out on the correct interface port.




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 30


MDA-XP

MDA-XP

P2

XBridge

XBridge

FP2

IOM3-XP

1 2

3 4

5

6

IOM3-XP Packet Walkthrough (Ingress)

The packet enters the ingress MDA-XP which performs the physical and MAC processing

Packets are sent from the MDA-XP to the Xbridge in the form of cells. Cells from packets entering different ports are inter-leaved.

P2 rebuilds packet and begins classification of the packet

Sent to 2nd P2 for more classification

P2 sends packet to Q2 for ingress QOS processing

Q2 buffers/drops the packet then schedules it based on CIR/PIR & expedited/best_effort

T2 send cells to switch fabric

P2

Q2 T2

The Xbridge switches cells to the FP II packet processing complex. Cells enter the FP II at the first P2 asic. This P2 re-assembles the cells into their original packet format. It begins the classification of the packet using table information derived from the configured services. This determines the subsequent processing of the packet as it switches through the system and is propagated by pre-pending an internal header to the packet.

The packet, with its internal header, is forwarded to the second P2 where further classification processing is performed.

The P2s perform the first aspect of QoS in the form of either a single tier or a two tier hierarchical rate-limiting function and apply any ingress ACL filters.

The Q2 firstly determines if there is buffer space available to queue the packet, based on a combination of the CBS, MBS and WRED profiles, together with the enqueuing priority of the packet. The packet is dropped in the Q2 if either no space is available to buffer it or if it was colored red by the P2’s rate-limiting function; otherwise the packet is placed on the appropriate queue.

The Q2 scheduling algorithm switches the packet, in the form of cells, to the T2 based on the CIR and PIR settings of the queue and the queue’s priority (expedited or best effort). This action designates the packet as either in-profile or out-profile, with respect to the CIR.

The T2 receives the cells from the Q2 and switches them over the links to the switch fabric ascis, respecting their priority.




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 31


P2 P2

Q2 T2

MDA-XP

25G

MDA-XP

25G

XBridge

XBridge

FP2

IOM3-XP

1

2

3

4

56

IOM3-XP Packet Walkthrough (Egress)

Cells returned by fabric

T2 send cells to P2

The P2 chips rebuild packets and builds the output frame, including egress QOS re-marking

P2 send packet to Q2 for egress QOS processing

Q2 buffers/drops the packet, and schedules it based on CIR/PIR & expedited/best_effort

Q2 sends packet to the Xbridge as cells

Packets are sent from the Xbridge to the MDA-XP in the form of cells.

MDA-XP re-assembles packet, performing the MAC & physical functions to send out appropriate port

There is the possibility that the cells are received out of order with respect to the original packet, the egress T2 re-constitutes the correct order before sending it on to the first P2

The first P2 re-assembles the cells into their original packet (plus internal header) format and begins processing the packet in order to build the output frame, including egress QoS re-marking. The first P2 performs any packet replication required at the egress.

The packet, with its internal header, is forwarded to the second P2 which continues building the output packet. As with the ingress processing, the egress P2s can perform either a single tier or a two tier hierarchical rate-limiting function and apply any ACL filters.

The Q2 processing is similar to that performed in the ingress path. Firstly the Q2 determines if there is buffer space available to queue the packet, based on a combination of the CBS, MBS and WRED profiles, together with the profile state of the packet (in-profile or out-profile). The packet is dropped in the Q2 if either no space is available to buffer it or if it was colored red by the P2’s rate-limiting function; otherwise the packet is placed on the appropriate queue.

The Q2 scheduling algorithm switches the packet, in the form of cells, to the Xbridge associated with the egress MDA-XP. This is based on the CIR and PIR settings of the queue and the queue’s priority (expedited or best effort). The scheduling may result in additional QOS re-marking depending on the profile state of the queue.

The Xbridge switches the packet, in the form of cells, to its connected MDA-XP. The egress MDA-XP re-assembles the cells into the output packet, performing the MAC and physical functions in order to send the packet out on the appropriate exit port.




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 32


Switch to notes view!The SF/CPM ArchitectureThe SF/CPM card has two main sections:

Switch fabric

Dual processing complex (DPC)

Switch Fabric

The switch fabric consists of four or eight independent switching elements. The fabric is

available in two versions, 200 Gbps or 400 Gbps, both providing full-duplex switching.

Each switch fabric element connects serially to each IOM slot as well as the DPC of each

SF/CPM.

Each switching element behaves like a standard crossbar switch, that is, it operates as a

non-blocking digital switch providing one cross-connect point for each possible

combination of input and output connection. However, the ESS switching elements are

designed with the added ability to schedule traffic on each egress port independently of

all other ports. This feature is important to operators who want granular control over

ingress to egress port traffic scheduling, enabling them to guarantee traffic rates

between each connection point.

Fabric Redundancy

Each switching element (SE), along with its associated serial links, is totally independent

from all others. On nodes with two SF/CPMs installed , both fully operational fabrics load

share traffic. If a switching element or any of its serial links fail, only traffic passing over

that link or SE at the time of the failure is affected. If an SE or any of its links should fail,

the fabric is only degraded by an amount equal to that SE (50Gbps). In most cases this

will have no effect on traffic flow, as the switching capacity of each fabric equals or

exceeds the total bandwidth required to support all installed IOMs. This allows for

graceful degradation of a switch fabric rather than catastrophic failure.

Dual Processing Complex

The DPC is made up of three main sections:

Dual processing elements.

A flexible fast path complex.

Shared I/O resources.




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 33


SF/CPM Architecture

Under normal operating conditions both Switch Fabrics are load sharing and active.Initially one CPM is active while the second one is in standby mode.

MDA

MDA

FRMR

MAC

MDA

MDA

I/O Module 1

I/O Module 10

FA TM NP

CPU-0 CPU-1

Memory Memory

FA

SF/CPM B

SF/CPM A

FRMR

MAC

MEM

TM NP

Memory Memory

MEM

CPU-0 CPU-1

Dual Processing Complex A

Dual Processing Complex B

10 Gb/sComplex

FabricAccess

10 Gb/sComplex

FabricAccess

10 Gb/sComplex

FabricAccess

10 Gb/sComplex

FabricAccess

Switch Fabric A

SE

SE

SE

SE

Switch Fabric B

SE

SE

SE

SE

SE

SE

SE

SE

SE

SE

SE

SE

The SF/CPM consists of:

1. The Switch Fabric with up to 8 Switching Elements (SE)

2. The Fabric Access that connects the SF with the Traffic Manager

3. The Traffic Manager

4. The Network Processor and memory

5. Two CPUs with memory

The dual processing complex is responsible for the system’s control plane processing and protocol stacks and operates as follows:

1. The SEs receive data from the IOMs and forward it to the traffic manager (TM).

2. The traffic manager forwards the data to the network processor (NP). The SF/CPM memory stores the packets awaiting processing.

3. The network processor pre-processes and prioritizes the packets so that the CPUs process protocol or time sensitive packets first, followed by less urgent traffic. For example, the SF/CPM prioritizes Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) hello packets over File Transfer Protocol (FTP) traffic, preserving VRRP integrity.

4. If a Denial of Service (DOS) attack occurs, the NP would most likely place these packets into a low priority queue. The CPUs would only dedicate limited bandwidth to this queue, and since the queue will eventually overflow, this traffic will be discarded. The NP’s programmable capabilities allow operators to enhance this mechanism by filtering DOS traffic per customer.




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 34


Chassis modes

Note: Chassis mode does not apply to the 7710SR, 7750SR-1, or 7450ESS-1

64K QueuesScale ARP cache 500k

IOM3-xpD

2 Network Processors on egressIPv6ARP Cache 150KMAC FIB 192KVPRN Next Hop Label 128K

IOM2-20gC

ARP Cache 100KMAC FIB 128KVPRN Next Hop Label 16K ESM, additional counters and routed CO/L3 group interfaces

IOM-20g-b

IOM2-20g

B

Supported for configuration compatibilityIOM-20g not supported

IOM-20g-b

A

Features/ScalingIOM SupportChassisMode

7450 ESS-6 / ESS-7 / ESS-12

Depending on the chassis type and IOM type, the following modes can be configured:

Chassis Mode A: This mode corresponds to scaling and feature set associated with iom-20g

Chassis Mode B: This mode corresponds to scaling and feature set associated with iom-20g-b

Chassis Mode C: This mode corresponds to scaling and feature set associated with iom2-20g

Chassis Mode D: This mode corresponds to scaling and feature set associated with iom3-xp

When configuring a chassis mode, use Chassis Mode that aligns with the earliest generation of IOM installed. If the chassis mode is not explicitly provisioned in the configuration file, the chassis will come up in Mode A by default. In Mode A:

iom-20g-b comes online if provisioned as iom-20g or iom-20g-b

iom2-20g comes online if provisioned as iom-20g, iom-20g-b or iom2-20g

iom-10g comes online if provisioned as iom-10g

iom3-xp comes online if provisioned as iom3-xp

Note All IOMs must be IOM3 in order to configure chassis mode D.




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 35


7450ESS Ethernet MDAs

20010020101000 Mb/s1000Base FX Ethernet*

200/20100/1020/210/11/10 Gb/s1-10Gig + 10-1 Gigabit Ethernet

80408410 Gb/s10 Gigabit Ethernet*

40020040201 Gb/sGigabit Ethernet*

ESS-12ESS-7SR-1


Interface Speed

MDA Type

20164210 Gb/s10 Gigabit Ethernet*

1082110 Gb/s10 Gigabit Ethernet



4002004020100 Mb/s100Base FX Ethernet

400200402010/100/1000 Mb/s10/100/1000 TX Ethernet*

12006001206010/100 Mb/s10/100 Ethernet

* MDA Types supported on the IOM3

New in Release 6.1:

10-Port GigE High-Scale MDA “Queuing MDA”

1000BASE Ethernet MDA which supports 10 pluggable Optical SFPs

Supports up to 20,000 SAPs/Subscribers and up to 8,000 services on the iom2-20g

Extensive on-board queuing and buffering with either service scheduling classes per service on the 7450ESS translating to 160,000 ingress and 160,000 egress queues

The IOM3 supports up to 25G/MDA therefore some MDA Types which are considered to be oversubscribed on the IOM2 are non-oversubscribed on the IOM3. For example the 2 port, 10 Gigabit Ethernet MDA Type is non-oversubscribed on the IOM3 and oversubscribed on the IOM2.




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 36


7450ESS SONET/SDH MDAs


Interface Speed

MDA Type

ESS-12ESS-7ESS-1

3201603216

804084

20102110 Gb/sOC-192c/STM-64c

4020422.48 Gb/sOC-48c/STM-16c

3201603216

16080168622 Mb/sOC-12c/STM-4c

16080168155 Mb/sOC-3c/STM-1c




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 37


7450ESS Channelized MDAs

OC-12c/STM-4

2 Km1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LC-

21Km/15Km1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCIR-1/S-4.1

50Km/40Km1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCLR-1/L-1.1


2 Km1310 nmMultimodeSFP-LC-

OC-3c/STM-1

---Co-axial-

DS-3/E-3

201021622 Mb/sOC-12c/STM-4

RangeWavelengthFiber TypeConnectorSub-Type

804084155 Mb/sOC-3c/STM-1

85Km/80Km1550 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCLR-2/S-4.2

804084DS-3/E-3

2401202412


Interface Speed

MDA Type

ESS-12ESS-7ESS-1




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 38


7450ESS Circuit Emulation Services (CES) MDA


2 Km1310 nmMultimodeSFP-LC-

RangeWavelengthFiber TypeConnectorSub-Type


201021155 Mb/sOC-3/STM-1


Interface Speed

MDA Type

ESS-12ESS-7ESS-1




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 39


7450ESS ATM MDA

RangeWavelengthFiber Type

ConnectorSub-Type

OC-12c/STM-42 Km1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LC-

12Km/2Km1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCESS-1/I-4



804084155 Mb/sand

622 Mb/s

OC-3c/STM-1 and

OC-12c/STM-4

OC-3/STM-1

21Km/15Km1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCIR-1/I-1

2 Km1310 nmMultimodeSFP-LCESS-0

OC-3c/STM-1


804084155 Mb/s


Interface Speed

MDA Type

ESS-12ESS-7ESS-1




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 40


7450ESS Ethernet SFP Types

100 mCopperCopperVHDCI/RJ-21TX10/100Base

70 Km1470-1610 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCCWDM

120 Km1550 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCEZX

70 Km1550 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCZX

40 Km1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCEX

Rx: 1310 nm

Tx: 1490 nmBX10-D

Rx: 1490 nm

10 KmTx: 1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCBX10-U

10 Km1310 nmMultimode & Singlemode

SFP-LCLX

550 m850 nmMultimodeSFP-LCSX

100 mCopperCopperSFP-RJ-45TX1000Base

40 Km1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCEX

25 Km1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCFX-SM

Rx: 1310 nm

Tx: 1550 nmBX10-D

Rx: 1550 nm

10 KmTx: 1310 nmSinglemodeSFP-LCBX10-U

2 Km1310 nmMultimodeSFP-LCFX100Base





7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 41


7450ESS Ethernet SFP Types (cont)

80 Km1550 nmSinglemodeXFP-LCZR

40 Km1550 nmSinglemodeXFP-LCER

10 Km1310 nmSinglemodeXFP-LCLR

300 m850 nmMultimodeXFP-LCESS

80 Km1550 nmSinglemodeSimplex SCZW/ZR

40 Km1550 nmSinglemodeSimplex SCEW/ER

10 Km1310 nmSinglemodeSimplex SCLW/LR10GBase





7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 42


7450ESS SONET/SDH SFP Types

40Km1550 nmSinglemodeSimplex SCIR-2/S-64.2b

7Km/2Km1310 nmSinglemodeSimplex SCESS-1/I-64.1OC-192c/STM-64



OC-48c/STM-16

80 Km1550 nmSinglemodeSimplex SCLR-2/L-64.2






500 m1310 nmMultimodeSFP-LC-OC-12c/STM-4



2 Km1310 nmMultimodeSFP-LC-OC-3c/STM-1





7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 43


SFP’s

Features:Cost Effective – or replace single module instead of an entire boardHot-swappableOnly the required SFPs need to be installedMix and match different types on a single MDASFPs are customer replaceableLarge choice of optical media

Small Form Factor Pluggable Interfaces

Small Form-factor Pluggable (SFP) transceivers are small optical modules available in a variety of formats.

Alcatel-Lucent strongly recommends the use of SFPs that are tested and verified by Alcatel-Lucent. Alcatel-Lucent programs its SFPs with the optics type and part number. This enables an operator to easily determine the SFP type and replacement part number when troubleshooting.



444444


7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 44


Media Dependent Adapters (MDAs) and Integrated Service Adapters (ISAs)

High Scale-MDA10-Port GigE1-Port 10 GigE*


MDA-XP Ethernet MDAs10-port GigE (SFP)*20-port GigE (SFP) 20-Port 10/100/1000BASE-TX1-port 10 GigE (XFP)*2-port 10 GigE (XFP)4-Port 10 GigE (XFP)

Ethernet MDAs1-Port 10GigE (SC)1-port 10GigE (XFP)2-port 10GigE (XFP)10-port GigE (SFP)20-port GigE (SFP)60-port 10/100BASE-TX20-port 100BASE-FX20-port 10/100/1000BASE-TX1-port 10 GigE + 10-port GigECombo MDA (XFP/SFP)

Packet over SONET/SDH MDAs2 x OC-48/STM-164 x OC-48/STM-168 x OC-12/STM-4 or OC-3/STM-116 x OC-12/STM-4 or OC-3/STM-18 x OC-3/STM-116 x OC-3/STM-1

Tunable 10 GigE MDA1-port 10GigE MDA with tunable optics*

ISAsApplication Assurance-ISAVideo-ISA*Versatile Services Module (VSM)

Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS Interface Adapters

*Newly supported in 7.0



454545


7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 45


7450 ESS Service Scalability Summary

Concurrent VPN Services ScaleCarrier Ethernet E-Line (VLL), E-LAN (VPLS)Ethernet pseudowiresBusiness data, Internet, voice, videoAny service over any port

Customer ScaleConcurrent L2/L3 customersUp to 48K VPWS (VLL) instancesUp to 8K VPLS instancesUp to 5K IES

Bandwidth ScaleTerabit switching and routing performancePortfolio of product optionsSuperior GE and 10GE port densityTrue 40 Gigabit supportA wide range of Ethernet and PoS interfaces

Carrier Ethernet Services ScaleMulti-point, point-to-point & routed multi-point topologiesIP/MPLS removes STP reach & size limitationsH-VPLS and multi-segment PWs provides further service scale PBB and MPLS/VPLS integration improves reach & MAC addressingSeamless reach over metro, national and international geographies

Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 46


Specialized MDAs




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 47


Versatile Service Module (VSM) MDA

Used to interconnect “Ethernet” encapsulated services on same router, such as a VPLS or VLL into an IES or VPRN serviceThe complete 10 Gbps forwarding path is available, supporting an aggregate of up to 10 Gbps half-duplexMaintains egress and ingress features of the services it is interconnecting, including:

The ability to remap QoSThe ability to enforce policing and shapingAccounting for each service.

Multiple VSMs incrementally increase the interconnecting bandwidth and provide load sharing/fault tolerance

VSM Features

The interconnect function is performed internally, eliminating the need for the physical port MAC, PHY, cable and other MDA specific components producing a more reliable adaptor.

Bandwidth is utilized in a more efficient manner than with externally cabled ports - since the VSM is forwarding all services over the same path, all the available bandwidth may be used up to the 10 Gbps(half duplex) capability.




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 48


IngQ

EgrQ

MDA

P PCAM

PCAM

T

IngPort

EgrPort

IngQ

EgrQ

CCA

P PCAM

PCAM

T

SwitchFabric

StandardForw arding Path(w ithout CCAextension)

ExtendedForw arding PathThrough CCA

CrossConnectAdaptor

VSM – Cross Connect Adaptor (CCA)

This slide shows the data flow for a single Versatile Services Module (VSM) (or vsm-cca in the CLI). When multiple VSMs are installed, the cross connect traffic can be distributed across the VSMs. The VSMs can be spread across IOMs. Each VSM support 10 Gbps of half-duplex service interconnect traffic.

The VSM can be used to interconnect services with Ethernet encapsulations (e.g. no Frame Relay or ATM encapsulated SAPs)




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 49


Cross Connect Aggregation Group (CCAG)

VSM-CCATx Rx

CCAG

VSM-CCATx Rx

VSM-CCATx Rx

The CCAG dynamicallydistributes traff ic loadbased on conversationhashing

Each CCA may bedynamically added orremoved from the CCAG.The conversation hash onthe CCAG distributesconversations over activeVSMs

CCAG - Cross Connect Aggregation Group

Provides a mechanism to aggregate multiple CCAs into a single forwarding group. The CCAG uses conversation hashing to dynamically distribute cross connect traffic to the active VSMs in the aggregation group. In the event an active VSM fails or is removed from the group, the conversation hashing function will redistribute the traffic over the remaining active VSMs within the group.




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 50


Cross Connect Identifier (CCID)

Binding point for services and IP interfaces for a CCAGInterconnected services are assigned the same CCIDIngress and egress QoS, filtering and accounting policies are assigned to the CCID

CCID – Cross Connect Identifier

Services and IP interfaces are bound to a CCAG through a CCID (Cross Connect Identifier). When two services or a service and an IP interface are assigned the same CCID, the CCAG will attempt to provide a crosss connection path between the objects. The CCID enables multiple pairs of cross connected services to share the same CCAG.

From a services perspective, a CCID is an object that not only binds two services together, but also provides the attachment point for the ingress and egress QoS, filtering and accounting policies. When considered in conjunction with the CCAG, it allows the actual cross connection path (through the VSMs) to be indirectly associated with the services using the CCAG and maintains a simplified provisioning model over port level cross connected services.



5151


7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 51


High-Scale MDA (HS-MDA)

The HSMDA moves service and subscriber-level ingress and egress QoSfunctions off the host IOM Flexible Fast Path forwarding plane on to the MDA

Highly Scalable Queuing160k ingress, 160K egress per HSMDA

Higher Subscriber DensitiesLegacy HSI subscriber migration (BRAS replacement)

Queues

Subscribers

Serv

ice

Clas

ses

1

8

0 20K8K

4

MDA

160K

8kHS MDA(7750 SR)

HS MDA(7450 ESS)

The queues are configured in groups of eight supporting a maximum of 20K on the 7750 SR and 8K on the 7450 ESS subscriber contexts. The addition of the ingress packet classification and queues allows for the QoS classification and service-level queuing to reside on the MDA itself as opposed to the service queuing performed on the host Flexible Fast Path.

The up to 160,000 queues are grouped into sets of eight queues each (up to 20,000 on the 7750 SR). A set of eight queues is called a queue group. Each queue within a group has an implicit scheduling class association. Queue groups are dynamically mapped to egress ports on an as needed basis.

Individual queues are also mapped to 1 of 64 secondary egress shapers. A secondary egress shaper represents an egress intermediate destination (like a DSLAM or GPON OLT). In this case, all queues within the same queue group are mapped to the same intermediate destination.

10 x 1GE HS-MDA:64k subscriber hosts/system20k subscriber or SAPs/HS-MDA

up to 32k subscriber hosts/HS-MDATriple play subscriber density (Routed RGW)

20,000 triple play subscribers/MDA with 8 queues/subscribers each !!

Up to 500k average bandwidth per subscriber

What application aspects are addressed ?High density subscriber aggregation (e.g., legacy HSI)Scaling subscribers and/or services means scaling queues160k queues in ingress and egress direction

Queues are grouped in sets of 8Support of up-to 20k subscribers or 20k saps per MDASecondary-shaper level – aggregate-rate-limit (egress only)



52525252


7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 52


High Scale Media Dependant Adapter (HS-MDA)

Provides the scale, density and granularity required for very laProvides the scale, density and granularity required for very largerge--scale deployments of legacy and emerging servicesscale deployments of legacy and emerging servicesOptimizes resources for services engineered for oversubscription and low average bandwidthEnables legacy HSI subscriber migration over Next Gen. Carrier Ethernet service edge, thereby consolidating legacy HSI services and subscriber authentication (BRAS replacement & strategic IPoE/DHCP migration)Embrace emerging service requirements for mass market residential, business and mobile services, including those delivered with the AA-ISA (which provides granular per-application policy enforcement)

Increased Subscriber Scale supports up to 20k subscribers per HS-MDA

Increased Queuing Density 160k ingress and 160k egress queues per HS-MDA

Increased Service Granularity 8 queues and 8 separate scheduling classes per subscriber

Optimizes performance for delivering packet services engineered with highstatistical gain at the unified Carrier Ethernet service edge

1 x 10GigE HS-MDA (XFP)

10 x GigE HS-MDA (SFP)





7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 53


HS-MDA - Ingress QoS Model

SAP/

Subscr.shaper.

Queue-1

Queue-2

Queue-8

SAP/

Subscr.shaper.

Queue-1

Queue-2

Queue-8

SAP/

Subscr.shaper.

Queue-1

Queue-2

Queue-8

Ingressscheduler

SwitchDest.-1

(Expedited)

Queue-1

Queue-2

Queue-3

Queue-4

SwitchDest.-1

(non-Exp.)

Queue-5

Queue-6

Queue-7

Queue-8

SwitchDest.-21

(Expedited)

Queue-1

Queue-2

Queue-3

Queue-4

SwitchDest.-21

(non-Exp.)

Queue-5

Queue-6

Queue-7

Queue-8

MDA-IOM inf Switch Inf

Service queuing on HS-MDA Switch fabric VOQ queuing on IOM

Forwarding for each egress port on the HSMDA is managed by a port-based scheduler. Each port based scheduler maintains a maximum of eight strict forwarding levels. Strict level 8 is the highest priority while strict level 1 is the lowest. There are also eight scheduling classes that contain each of the queues assigned to the port scheduler.

To allow for weighted servicing of selected scheduling classes, the port scheduler allows for two weighted groups to be optionally created (Weighted-Group-1 and Weighted-Group-2) and each may be populated with up to three consecutive scheduling classes. The group itself maps to the highest inherent strict scheduling level of its member scheduling classes. Each scheduling class in a scheduling group are individually weighted which allows for all queues represented by the class to be serviced according to the ratio of weights based on the active classes in the group.

The port-based scheduler supports a port-based shaper used for creating a sub-rate condition on the egress port. Each individual strict scheduling level may also be configured with a shaping rate used to limit the amount of bandwidth allowed for that strict level. In all, shaping PIRs may be defined at the following points in the queuing and scheduling architecture:

Per Port Shaper

Per Strict Level Shaper

Intermediate Destination Shaper (Egress)

Scheduling Sub-Class Shaper (Ingress)

Per Queue-Group Shaper

Per Queue Shaper




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 54


HS-MDA - Egress QoS Model

SAP/

Subscr.Shaper.

Queue-1

Queue-2

Queue-8

Port1..10

MDA-IOM inf

Service queuing on HS-MDA

MDA VOQ queuing on IOM

Queue-1

Queue-2

Queue-3

Queue-4

expedited

non-Exp.

Queue-5

Queue-6

Queue-7

Queue-8

Non-exp.

Switch inf

DSLAM1

DSLAM2

SAP/

Subscr.Shaper.

Queue-1

Queue-2

Queue-8

SAP/

Subscr.Shaper.

Queue-1

Queue-2

Queue-8

Intermediate secondary shaping on DSLAM IDs to avoid 2nd mile packet loss

QoS marking on egress is supported

The egress side of the HSMDA relies on the existing egress Flexible Fast Path to map egress packets to the HSMDA egress queues.




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10GE MDA with Tunable Optics

10GE Interface with Tunable OpticsElimination of external transponder & interconnection equipment costsOptimized physical plant usage (space, power)Reduction of sparing costs and overhead: Disparate wavelengths at multiple locationsImproved reliability

• 10 GbE DWDM wavelength XFPs• 100GHz ITU Grid, C-Band• 80km reach• Available now

Single wavelength DWDM XFP

10GE MDA with Tunable Optics

Tunable 10GigE MDA:

Allows the 7450 ESS to be interconnected directly to existing DWDM systems

Eliminates the need for external transponders, reducing cost and complexity

Provides operators increased flexibility and efficiency in the use of DWDM wavelength

Used in transport of 10GigE across optical transport infrastructure, reaching at least 80km without requiring optical signal amplification or dispersion compensation

The 10GigE Media Dependent Adapter (MDA) with tunable optics enables software selection of wavelengths when interconnecting the Alcatel-Lucent 7450 ESS with DWDM transport equipment. It enables the service router to interconnect directly with DWDM systems, eliminating the need for external optical transponder shelves and reducing the complexity of sparing and configuration.

Note: Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a fiber-optic transmission technique that increases the capacity of embedded fiber by first assigning incoming optical signals to specific frequencies (wavelength, lambda) within a designated frequency band and then multiplexing the resulting signals out onto one fiber

55



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* Note: H/W capable, supported in a future release

10GE Interface with Tunable Optics enables− Integration of transponders on the router interface

− Reduction in space & power requirements

− Optimization of sparing costs and logistics

− Improved physical layer consolidation

− G.709 FEC & EFEC enable extended reach

− Enables superior resiliency compared to transponder based solutions

− WaveTracker provides visibility across the 7450 ESS and DWDM optical transmission layer domains *

10GE MDA with Tunable Optics: DWDM Integration

• 10 GbE DWDM wavelength XFPs

• 100GHz ITU Grid, C-Band• 80km reach• Available now for use on

10GigE Ethernet MDAs

Single wavelength DWDM XFP

DWDMIntegration

• Tunable DWDM • Integrated G-FEC/E-FEC• 10G Ethernet Interfaces• 80km Native• 600Km+ with Amps


Ethe

rnet

Long Haul Optical

Tunable DWDM or Single Wave DWDM XFPROADM7450 ESS

Optical Optical

56




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Service Router Tunable Optics Integration

Ethe

rnet

Ethe

rnetLong Haul

Optical

Transponders

Optical Optical

BEFORE

Ethe

rnet

Ethe

rnet

Long Haul Optical

Tunable DWDM XFP (Integrated Transponders)

Optical Optical

AFTER

ROADM

ROADM

7450/7750 7450/7750

7450/7750 7450/7750

Traditionally routers hand off what are called “black & white” or “grey” optical interfaces, typically at 1310nm or 1550nm, to the optical transport infrastructure. External transponders are used to map these interfaces to appropriate colors (or wavelengths of light) within the ITU C-band and hand off to optical cross connects or ROADM platforms. This is shown in the “BEFORE” diagram above.

Over the past couple of years, colored DWDM XFPs have also become available on router platforms. These XFPs hand off a colored interface, but of course are limited to their given wavelength or single color. The 7450 ESS and 7750 SR platforms also support colored DWDM XFPs (see picture on next slide bottom right). While these XFPs are beneficial in certain configurations, they carry a significant sparing and logistics burden as spares for each color need to be maintained at each site. The coordination of wavelengths across metros can also not be dynamically adjusted which makes management cumbersome and the solution somewhat expensive to administer.

With the introduction of tunable optics, such as the 1-port 10GE MDA we are introducing in Rel7, there are significant benefits… The external transponder is no longer needed, which saves cost, power and space for the operator. The interface can be tuned dynamically to any of 89 wavelengths (50Ghz spacing) across the ITU C-band. The service router or ESS can be connected directly to the ROADM using a colored interface. And the sparing challenges go away as well. No longer do individual spares of every color need to be maintained at each site, as a single tunable MDA spare can fill in for any of the other modules and be programmed to the appropriate wavelength.

This greatly simplifies the interconnection of routers to the metro access rings.

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Integrated Service Adapters (ISA)



59


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Extending the Service Router with Application Enablers

Lower Complexity Avoid proliferation of dedicated point solutionsEasy Deployment Plug and playFully integrated Integrates with SR OS, subscriber & policy management Minimal footprint As little as 5% of chassis real estate (ESS-12 and SR-12)Linear Scalability Dedicated on-board processing resources on each ISAIt’s Green! Leverages existing power/cooling resources

AccessPort

SAP

.

.

.

SAP

SAP

NetworkPort

SDP

.

.

.

SDP

SDP

IOM + MDA IOM + MDASwitch Fabric

IntegratedServiceAdapter

7750 SR

• AA-ISA • IPSec-ISA• Video-ISA

ISA

7450 ESS

Integrated Service Adapters (ISA) extend the level of intelligence of the industry-leading Alcatel-Lucent 7750 SR platform by virtualizing advanced service capabilities into a single, unified IP/MPLS service edge.

These adapters provide purpose-built, extended functionality to the Service Router enabling deeper levels of service capabilities that otherwise would require external dedicated network attached appliances.



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Application Assurance – Integrated Services Adapter

Up to 10 Gb/s deep packet inspection & application recognitionFully integrated with SR OS for unified subscriber managementUp to 40k subscribers per-module with granular bandwidth shaping, policing & prioritizationPer-subscriber reporting and accountingHalf-Slot adapter compatible with IOM-2

ApplicationService Options

ProtocolSignatures

App - filters

Applications

ApplicationGroup

ApplicationQoS Policies

ApplicationProfile

Subscriber ID

Application Assurance, coupled with dynamic subscriber policy control enables any broadband network to provide application-based subscriber management for one-line access. For service providers, the results can provide:

Content control over varieties of service

Control over network costs incurred by various uses of HSI

Complementary security aspects to the existing network security

Improved quality of service (QoS) sophistication and granularity of the network

The ability to understand and apply policy control on the transactions traversing the network

Note: iPipe support planned for the future; currently no plans for A-pipe, Cpipe, F-pipe.




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GE

IP VPNCIR = 30 Mb/sPIR = 30 Mb/s

Voice (EF)

Video (EF)

HSI (BE)

Business Data (AF2)GigE

CPE

GE


Voice (EF)

Video (EF)

HSI (BE)

Business Data (AF2)GigE

CPE

Service Aware VPN

…

SAP

Video conferencingEmail

CIFSCitrix

Remote accessOracleHTTP

YouTube

IM

Web Browse

E-Learning

Upgrade to AA-ISA

VoIP

Streaming video

File Transfer

Scavenger apps

Application Aware VPN

Private

Corporate

Application Identification

7750 SR/ 7450 ESS

7750 SR/ 7450 ESS

Leveraging the AA-ISA for assured delivery of business VPN service

Moving to Application Aware VPN’s the deliverables will naturally support all of the above network based service deliverables plus (either pre site or VPN wide);

Application Identification (what’s running on the network)

Application Reporting for both application traffic mix statistics and problem identification/localization of application performance

Application Assurance to allow per application fine tuning to either optimize the performance of the application or to protect it from other applications within the service class

Through this advanced level of visibility, the CIO can now make a more informed decision into the performance of the applications within the enterprise and identify what portions are attributable to the network and what is attributable to the application itself.



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AA-ISA logicallyhairpinned

Application Assurance on selected services

Switch fabricAccessport

SAP

SAP

SAP

Networkport

Service with AA divert NOT enabled

Service with AA divert enabled: BE FC (green) diverted, the rest (blue) not

Divert-AA IOM Divert-AA IOM

Apply ingress marking as per ingress QoS policy

1

SDP

SDP

SDP

For AA enabled SAP, divert selected FC

2

For non-AA enabled SAP, apply application-blind SAP Ingress QoS policy

3

Processing Ingress:

1. Apply SAP FC marking as per SAP Ingress QoS Policy

2. Divert only system-selected FC (s) and only for SAPs with AA enabled (App Profile) to IOM hosting AA-ISA (Ingress FWD decision preserved). All other traffic is not affected.

3. AA-ISA modeled as another destination (VoQ) with separate per SAP service queues (if required by service) to guarantee preservation of the SAP Ingress QoS policy

4. Apply application-blind SAP Ingress QoS policy

Processing Egress:

1. Normal processing applies. But Egress QoS Policies are application-aware based on AA processing



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Application assurance engine: AA policy enforcer

Operator customizable per app policy for any business application

7x50ingress App ID’d?

Flow applicationidentification

YesPolicy

enforcementand statistics

7x50 SAP

7x50egress

SAP Application Profile

ApplicationQoSPolicy (AQP) Rules

Apply AA

Applications:IP protocol #TCP/UDP well-known portsDPI signaturesServer IP, portHTTP stringsetc.

AA-ISA

Application statistics

No AA

Policer templates

No. ID the flow



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AA-ISA: Hardware Support

Support 7750 7450

Platform SR7/12 ESS6/7/12

Carrier IOM iom-20g-biom2-20g

(IOM3 target 7.0R4)

iom-20g-b

(IOM3 target 7.0R4)

Chassis mode b,c b,c

# cards 7 active + 1 backup

7 active + 1 backup

I/O MDA

Carrier IOM

I/Oports

Fabric

Application assurance

CPU

DRAM ISA-AARLDRAM

10 Gb/s10 Gb/sdatapath

Line card processor

10 Gb/sdatapath

AA-ISA occupying a single MDA slot

Supported in 7450 ESS6, ESS7, ESS12; 7750 SR7, SR12

Enhances IOM QoS with application awareness

3 million flows, 40K subscribers, 20 uS max latency (100 for new flows), no jitter, up to 10 Gb/s IMIX analysis, 1.3 M policers

Recommendation:

1 ISA-AA per IOM but not a hard limit



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Multiple AA-ISA support and N+1 redundancy

N+1 redundancy, 7 active AA-ISAs max

Extension from 1+1 redundancy available in Release 6.0

Max 1 backup in Release 7 Per group monitoring, reporting and accountingSubscriber load balancing across ISAs based on:

Mapping of configurable application service attribute (ASA) to ISAFor example, an ASA can represent a DSLAM ID

Subscriber source/destination IP hash

AA-Group1backup

AA-I

SA

AA-Group1 primary

AA-Group1primary

AA-Group1 primary

AA-I

SA

AA-I

SA

AA-I

SA



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DSL,GPON

BSA

BSR/BNG

IP/MPLS

Corporate HQ

100,000 Subs10,000 Subs200 Subs

Video Office

Centralized Servers (FCC, RET, VOD)

PE

PeeringBSAAccess Node

AA-ISA AA-ISA AA-ISA

AA-ISA

CE

Internet

Enhanced Scalability

Up to 7 active AA-ISA per system

7-fold increase of AA scaling: up to 70G of IMIX analysis

128K AA-subscribers

N+1 redundancy option

Transparent Mode

Allow AA deployment for non-ESM cases

“Divert” linked to SAPs

Deployment scenarios: IES, IPVPN, VPLS and E-Pipe business services

peering point or wire-transit transparent mode

AA at BSA levelESM Rel 6.0Non-ESM Rel 7.0)

ESM Rel 6.0Non-ESM Rel 7.0Business Services (Release 7.0)

AA at transit or Peering PointsRelease 7.0

AA at BNG levelESM Rel 6.0Non-ESM Rel 7.0

Application Assurance: Release 7.0 Platform Enhancements

AA-ISA scans Internet traffic and marks specified, per subscriber application flows for extraction into an SLA-managed online service queue

AA-ISA available for:

Broadband Service Aggregator (BSA) = 7450 ESS

Broadband Service Router (BSR) = 7750 SR



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GigE

Web-based application prioritization with protocol signatures and pattern matching

HSI traffic is classified as best effortE-Learning via the web needs more than best effortInternet-based applications have common protocol signature (HTTP)

HSI traffic terminated on the 7750 SRE-learning traffic needs to be assigned a higher priority to meet the Enterprise SLAE-Learning is currently assigned to Priority 0 (P0)

P0 HSI traffic is diverted to the AA-ISAAA-ISA identifies E-Learning based on its protocol signature and stateful pattern matching (HTTP String match)A policy is defined to ensure any changes in the network do not affect prioritization of E-Learning

AA-ISA remarks E-Learning traffic from P0 to P2Leaves other P0 HSI traffic alone

Internet

E-Learning

Branch

Voice (P5)Video (P4)

HSI (P0)Business data (P2)


Internet business applications

IP/MPLS service aggregation and edge (7450 or 7750)

Divert BE (P0)

Branch

E-Learning P2IM P0Web browsing P0YouTube P0

AA

-ISA

AA

-ISA

Do not need to touch the config every time applications with common port id are added e.g E-Learning via the web – which needs mote then best effort.

Does not depend on new servers being added as the AA-ISA identifies at L4 to L7 and does not need to match to an IP address




7450 · Hardware 1 · 0 · 68


Video ISA - Integrated Network-Based Video Delivery

MDA form-factor Integrated Service Adaptor Supported on both 7450 ESS and 7750 SR

Version for Ad insertionIntial focus on Local Ad insertion, evolving to Targeted Ad insertionVersion for RET and FCC FCC/RET caching for > 1000 channelsUp to 10Gbps egress capacity

Multiple ISA’s can be clustered in a 7x50

Video ISA

Provides enhanced linear TV service using integrated support for FCC and retransmission

Enables IPTV providers to realize new revenue streams at a reduced cost by providing integrated local/zoned ad insertion




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Video-ISA Hardware Overview

The Video-ISA is an advanced Network Processor (NP) based integrated bladeEach Video-ISA acts as a virtual node with distributed and dedicated resourcesUp to 8 Video ISAs supported per chassis in up to 4 Video Groups for resiliency

Carrier IOM

7x50 Fabric

I/O MDA

NPMIP Cores

DRAM

Vid

eo-I

SA RLDRAM

20G Datapath(10G Duplex)10G

20G Datapath(10G Duplex)

Supports RET and FCC stats for network health monitoring

Licensed in 3 Tiers: RET, RET/FCC, and Local Ad Insertion (LAI)*



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Video ISA –Assured Linear TV Delivery

Intelligently distribute and integrate RET/FCC functionality

CircularBuffer

Dramatically Reduce Infrastructure and Operating CostsIncrease Performance and Scalability of RET/FCCSupport Flexible Deployment OptionsStandards-Based SolutionMiddleware Independent

Option for the 5910 Video Service Appliance

(Standalone)

5910 RET/FCC STB SW Client

5910 RTP Re-Wrapper

7450 ESS 7750 SR

Video-ISA

IP/MPLS

De-Centralizing and Integrating RET/FCC Functions into the TPSDA Network



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Video ISA –Local Ad Insertion and Zoned Ad Insertion

Empower IPTV providers to generate additional advertising revenue

Improve the targeting granularity of existing TV ads from National to Local Demographic Market Areas (DMAs)

Provide exact TV and ad viewing measurement adding huge value for the advertiser

Fully compatible with a MS Mediaroom environment

7450 ESS 7750 SR

IP/MPLS

MS Servers

Ad Server

7330 ISAM

BSAN BSA

BSR

Seamless Ad Splicing integrated in a MS Mediaroom Environment

Video-ISA



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Video ISA Solutions Summary

* Supports emerging DVB & IETF-based standards (RTP/RTCP). If the 7x50’s integrated,network-based solution is not appropriate, offer the standalone 5910 Video Services Appliance

Local Ad Insertion

Local Ad Insertion

Assured LinearTV Deliver

Fast Channel ChangeReliable Delivery

Integrated solution for existing MS Mediaroom environments

Operates in a MS Mediaroom Environment (between the AServer and DServer)Seamlessly “Splices” Ads using Transport Stream splicing into multicast streams as per direction of Ad Server

Integrated solution for IP TV delivery, non-Mediaroom environments

Ingests IPTV multicast TV streamsDynamically caches video content from

multicast TV channelsUses standardized RTCP control channel

to respond to STB client’s RET or FCC requests




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End of ModuleHardware Overview




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Documents

7450 Hardware