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ORGANIC RICEBY

V.HARIHARASUDHANBSA-06-627

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what is organic rice?Organic rice is grown using natural and notchemical fertilizers, which are harmful to healthand environment as well.

However, producing organic rice is much morethan just using natural or organic fertilizers.

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What are the benefits of organicrice?

Free from chemical, organic rice is fat free and has high

carbohydrate content.

Red and brown rice have higher fibervalue than white rice.

Organic rice has low sugar content

When you eat 45 grams of organic rice,you only consume 160 calories ofcarbohydrates.

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OrganicRice

production

Organic systems avoid the use of syntheticfertilizers, pesticides, and growthregulators.

Instead they rely on crop rotations,,

biological pest control

maintain soil health, supply plant nutrients,

minimize insects, weeds, and other pests.

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Weed Suppression

Weed control and soil fertility are theprincipal challenges associated withorganic rice production.

primary weed-control practices includecrop rotations, land leveling ,seedbedpreparation,

water management,

rotary hoeing.

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Soil Fertility

Maintaining soil fertility in organic cropping typically

involves some combination of crop rotation withdeep-rooted legume crops or green manure/covercrops,

applying animal manures, composts, and otherapproved organic amendments.

Nitrogen is usually provided through thegrowing oflegume cover crops.

Bone meal is a good source of cheap phosphorus(with a content of around 12%).

Rice straw and manure are good sources of

potassium

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Organic manure

Organic Manures obtained either fromcattle or plants.

Use of organic manures by farmers is anage-old practice in agriculture.

Organic manure's maintains betterstructure of soil

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Geen leaf manure

(mainly neem, Pongamia pinnata andGlyricidia)

Green manure(daincha, manila agathi,sunhemp)

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Insects and Diseases

management

Rice is grown in flooded fields, insectpests are usually a minor problem

Fall armyworm and chinchbug are easilycontrolled by a flush of water

Timely planting, variety selection, andcultural practices to suppress weedscontrol stinkbugs and water weevils

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Biofertilizers for rice cultivation

Bio-fertilizer are eco friendly and areenvironmentally safe.

Biofertilizers are widely used in riceproduction.

The biofertilizers used for rice crop areAzospirillum, Phosphobacteria, Blue greenalgae azolla and Mycorhiza.

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Methods of application of biofertilizers

Azospirillum: is a symbiotic bacteria and it is animportant biofertilizers used in rice. Azospirillumtreatment is recommended for seed, seedlings and in

main field.

Seed treatment: 600 glha of Azospirillum cultureare to be mixed with water where the seeds are soakedone night before sowing in the nursery bed.

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Main field:

2000 glha of Azospirillum with 25 kg farmyard mamureand 25 kg of soil are mixed uniformly and broadcasted inthe main field before transplanting.

Seedling treatment: A slurry can be prepared by mixing Azospirillum at 1000

glha in 40 litres of water and root portion of transplantedrice seedlings are dipped in bacterial suspension for 15-

30 minutes and then they are transplanted.

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Uses

Azospirillum bacteria thrives in root zones of rice and is

capable of fixing more atmospheric nitrogen which is absorbedby the plants.

Azospirillum also solubilizes phosphorus and silicon to some

extent required by rice.

It renders plant drought tolerant when irrigation or rainfall isdelayed.

By adopting Azospirillum application 30 per cent of theinorganic nitrogen usage can be reduced.

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Blue Green Algae (BGA)

Blue Green Algae (BGA) is anothertype of biofertilizer used as an algaform. Important species areCyanobacteria, Anabaena, Nostoc

and Tolypothrix.

Blue green algal occurs naturally andcomes up well under moistconditions. This can also be artifiallycultured.

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Uses

The nitrogen fixed by BGA is about 15 kg/haover a season.

BGA elaborates vitamin Biz and growth factors

that makes the plant grow vigorously. It oxygenates the water impounded in the field.

It excretes organic acids that rendersphosphorus solubilisation.

The algal mat in paddy fields also protects lossof moisture from the soil.

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Azolla

Azolla is a water fern having an algalsymbiont Anabaena azolla fixingatmospheric nitrogen.

Azolla can be multiplied by constructing

nurseries with 10 cm deep standing waterand adding superhphosphate at 8 kgP2o5/ha in small plots.

It can be applied as green manure prior torice planting

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Uses

Azolla excretes organic nitrogen in water duringits growth and also immediately upon trampling.

Fern fronds are soft and rapidly decomposed.

It absorbs traces of potassium from irrigationwater.

Azolla provides nitrogen, potassium organiccarbon etc.

It prevents weed growth in rice field water.

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Phosphobacteria

This type of biofertilizers solubilise phosphates inthe soil and render them in available form forcrop plants. It can be applied for low land and

upland rice. This is applied as the same dose in same

manner as Azospirillum.

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Uses

25 to 50 of the recommended Phosphoruscan be reduced depending upon thenative phosphorus content of the soil.

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Mycorrhiza:

It occurs naturally in low land and upland rice. Itmobilizes the phosphorus required by rice.Mycorrhiza inoculation attempt in paddy nursery

is still under study by Agricultural Universities ofIndia.

Since, biofertilizers are ecofriendly inputs andare safer to the environment, farmers can adopt

them and get benefited.

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THANK YOU