700: Agriculture: Natural Resources

American Economic Association

700: Agriculture: Natural ResourcesSource: Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 15, No. 1 (Mar., 1977), pp. 199-206Published by: American Economic AssociationStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2722771 .

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New Books: Anm New Books: Anm

SOMA, JOHN T. The computer industry: A n economic- legal analysis of its technology and growth. Lex- ington, Mass. and Toronto: Heath, Lexington Books, 1976. Pp. xvi, 219. $16.95. JEL 77-0196

Study of the interaction of economic, technological, and legal factors within the U.S. computer industry, the underlying causes of the rapid technological growth, and a technological forecast. Concentrates on general purpose digital comput- ers. Discusses the history of the industry, legal questions such as antitrust legislation, ownership matters, taxation, trade regulations, government procurement policies, and data communications, and makes technological forecasts. Finds that: (1) for U.S. domination in the industry to continue, a governmental policy encouraging continued technological advancement must be pursued; (2) the industry is more competitive today than it was in the middle 1960's; (3) the overall systems barrier to entry will decline by the late 1980's; and (4) the industry will continue to grow and the U.S. will retain its world dominance during the 15-year forecast time frame. The technological forecasts are based on field interviews of industry officials taken in 1975. Revision of a Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Illinois. The author, an economist, is a member of the Illinois Bar. Bibliography; index.

WILLIAMS, C. ARTHUR, JR. AND HEINS, RICHARD M. Risk management and insurance. Third edition. McGraw-Hill Insurance Series. New York; Lon- don; Singapore and Tokyo: McGraw-Hill, [1964, 1971] 1976. Pp. x, 678. JEL 77-0197

Introductory textbook for a one-semester course in risk management and insurance. Divided into four parts: Part 1 acquaints the student with risk, while Part 2 deals with business risk management. Part 3 covers family risk management, and Part 4 deals with public policy issues such as government regulation of insurers. Changes in this edition include: rewriting of much of the text involving con- densation, expansion, and reorganization; addition of new chapters on employee benefit plans, net income loss exposures, and liability loss exposures. Each chapter supplemented by review questions and suggestions for additional reading. C. A. Wil- liams, Jr. is at the University of Minnesota and R. M. Heins is at the University of Wisconsin. Au- thor and source, and subject indices.

See also: Book Numbers JEL 77-0146, 77-0152, 77- 0175, 77-0192, 77-0193, 77-0214, 77- 0215, 77-0217, 77-0241, 77-0262, 77- 0267.

SOMA, JOHN T. The computer industry: A n economic- legal analysis of its technology and growth. Lex- ington, Mass. and Toronto: Heath, Lexington Books, 1976. Pp. xvi, 219. $16.95. JEL 77-0196

Study of the interaction of economic, technological, and legal factors within the U.S. computer industry, the underlying causes of the rapid technological growth, and a technological forecast. Concentrates on general purpose digital comput- ers. Discusses the history of the industry, legal questions such as antitrust legislation, ownership matters, taxation, trade regulations, government procurement policies, and data communications, and makes technological forecasts. Finds that: (1) for U.S. domination in the industry to continue, a governmental policy encouraging continued technological advancement must be pursued; (2) the industry is more competitive today than it was in the middle 1960's; (3) the overall systems barrier to entry will decline by the late 1980's; and (4) the industry will continue to grow and the U.S. will retain its world dominance during the 15-year forecast time frame. The technological forecasts are based on field interviews of industry officials taken in 1975. Revision of a Ph.D. dissertation at the University of Illinois. The author, an economist, is a member of the Illinois Bar. Bibliography; index.

WILLIAMS, C. ARTHUR, JR. AND HEINS, RICHARD M. Risk management and insurance. Third edition. McGraw-Hill Insurance Series. New York; Lon- don; Singapore and Tokyo: McGraw-Hill, [1964, 1971] 1976. Pp. x, 678. JEL 77-0197

Introductory textbook for a one-semester course in risk management and insurance. Divided into four parts: Part 1 acquaints the student with risk, while Part 2 deals with business risk management. Part 3 covers family risk management, and Part 4 deals with public policy issues such as government regulation of insurers. Changes in this edition include: rewriting of much of the text involving con- densation, expansion, and reorganization; addition of new chapters on employee benefit plans, net income loss exposures, and liability loss exposures. Each chapter supplemented by review questions and suggestions for additional reading. C. A. Wil- liams, Jr. is at the University of Minnesota and R. M. Heins is at the University of Wisconsin. Au- thor and source, and subject indices.

See also: Book Numbers JEL 77-0146, 77-0152, 77- 0175, 77-0192, 77-0193, 77-0214, 77- 0215, 77-0217, 77-0241, 77-0262, 77- 0267.

zotated Listing 199

700 Agriculture: Natural Resources

710 AGRICULTURE

ADAMS, F. GERARD AND BEHRMAN, JERE R. Eco- nometric models of world agricultural commodity markets: Cocoa, coffee, tea, wool, cotton, sugar, wheat, rice. Cambridge, Mass.: Lippincott, Ballin- ger, 1976. Pp. xi, 160. $20.00. JEL 77-0198

Presents econometric models for eight principal agricultural markets-cocoa, coffee, tea, wool, cotton, sugar, wheat, and rice-and emphasizes their use for prediction and policy stimulation. In each case the primary concern is with explanations of supply, demand, and price. Contains an analysis of the world market and available statistical material underlying the empirical estimation for each of the model systems. Considers dynamic systems pro- grammed for computer simulation and examines their multiplier properties. The authors are at the University of Pennsylvania. Bibliography; no index.

BIGGS, STEPHEN D., ET AL. The Kosi Symposium: The rural problem in North-East Bihar: Analysis policy & planning in the Kosi area. Edited by J. L. JoY AND ELIZABETH EVERITT. Brighton, U. K.: University of Sussex, Institute of Develop- ment Studies, 1976. Pp. x, 277. £3.00 paper.

JEL 77-0199 Fourteen previously unpublished papers by so-

cial scientists who worked in the Kosi area of North Bihar, India, between 1969 and 1972, on poverty, infant nutrition, and the scope and limitations of an approach to the analysis of farmer behavior. Other specific topics include: the agrarian structure, population pressures, rural development, family planning, experiences with public works, and the attack on rural poverty. Includes a glossary of Indian words used and maps of the area. Bibliog- raphy; index.

CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOCIETY.

Proceedings of the 1976 annual meeting of the CAES held at Halifax, Nova Scotia, July, 1976. Ot- tawa: Author, 1976. Pp. ii, 93. Paper.

JEL 77-0200 Seven invited papers examine: the effects of

market uncertainty on decisions of agricultural firms, current problems in agriculture, and national and international agricultural problems; also includes six abstracts of contributed papers. Speak- ers were predominately agricultural economists and industrial consultants; contributors include: Henry G. Beben, K. M. Pretty, Edward W. Tyrc- hniewicz, Warren F. Lee, George L. Brinkman,

zotated Listing 199

700 Agriculture: Natural Resources

710 AGRICULTURE

ADAMS, F. GERARD AND BEHRMAN, JERE R. Eco- nometric models of world agricultural commodity markets: Cocoa, coffee, tea, wool, cotton, sugar, wheat, rice. Cambridge, Mass.: Lippincott, Ballin- ger, 1976. Pp. xi, 160. $20.00. JEL 77-0198

Presents econometric models for eight principal agricultural markets-cocoa, coffee, tea, wool, cotton, sugar, wheat, and rice-and emphasizes their use for prediction and policy stimulation. In each case the primary concern is with explanations of supply, demand, and price. Contains an analysis of the world market and available statistical material underlying the empirical estimation for each of the model systems. Considers dynamic systems pro- grammed for computer simulation and examines their multiplier properties. The authors are at the University of Pennsylvania. Bibliography; no index.

BIGGS, STEPHEN D., ET AL. The Kosi Symposium: The rural problem in North-East Bihar: Analysis policy & planning in the Kosi area. Edited by J. L. JoY AND ELIZABETH EVERITT. Brighton, U. K.: University of Sussex, Institute of Develop- ment Studies, 1976. Pp. x, 277. £3.00 paper.

JEL 77-0199 Fourteen previously unpublished papers by so-

cial scientists who worked in the Kosi area of North Bihar, India, between 1969 and 1972, on poverty, infant nutrition, and the scope and limitations of an approach to the analysis of farmer behavior. Other specific topics include: the agrarian structure, population pressures, rural development, family planning, experiences with public works, and the attack on rural poverty. Includes a glossary of Indian words used and maps of the area. Bibliog- raphy; index.

CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOCIETY.

Proceedings of the 1976 annual meeting of the CAES held at Halifax, Nova Scotia, July, 1976. Ot- tawa: Author, 1976. Pp. ii, 93. Paper.

JEL 77-0200 Seven invited papers examine: the effects of

market uncertainty on decisions of agricultural firms, current problems in agriculture, and national and international agricultural problems; also includes six abstracts of contributed papers. Speak- ers were predominately agricultural economists and industrial consultants; contributors include: Henry G. Beben, K. M. Pretty, Edward W. Tyrc- hniewicz, Warren F. Lee, George L. Brinkman,



200 Journal of Economic Literature

A. C. Zwart, K. K. Meilke, M. M. Veeman, and T. S. Veeman. No index.

CANADIAN AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS SOCIETY. World food needs: Proceedings of the 1975 CAES annual meeting, Brandon, Manitoba. Ottawa: Au- thor, 1975. Pp. iii, 149. $3.50, paper.

JEL 77-0201 Proceedings containing eight previously unpub-

lished papers and subsequent discussions examining world food needs in terms of production, distribution, policies and programs, and agricultural technical assistance. Speakers were predominately agricultural economists and government consultants; contributors of papers include: Truman P. Phillips, Z. J. Yankowsky, A. Gordon Ball, D. R. Campbell, T. Willis, L. R. Rigaux, H. K. Leckie, and A. F. W. Plumptre. Includes data on indices of world population and food production (1954-73) and projected caloric and protein supply in 1980. No index.

DRILON, J. D., JR., ET AL. Southeast Asian agribusiness: Advanced agribusiness, course & seminar materials. Agribusiness Management Resource Materials, vol. 3. Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organ- ization; distributed by Unipub, New York, 1975. Pp. iv, 326. $26.25. JEL 77-0202

Textbook in agribusiness management that focuses on Southeast Asian countries; chapters and cases prepared by 18 authors. After three chapters of introduction that present a profile of Southeast Asian agriculture and several views on the im- pending challenge, the rest of the book is devoted to cases, 26 in all, on specific firms and commodities. The cases provide background material, point to the problems of the firm, and identify certain parameters of the firm and the industry of which it is part. Intended for a semestral course. J. D. Drilon, Jr., who edited the book, is Undersecretary of Agriculture of the Philippines. No index.

FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE

UNITED NATIONS. Population, food supply and agricultural development. Rome: Author; distributed by Unipub, New York, 1975. Pp. v, 62. $3.50, paper. JEL 77-0203

Previously published world food survey that pro- vided the basis for FAO's contribution to the World Population Conference. Discusses in par- ticular: population and food supply, dimensions and causes of malnutrition, the demand for food, future food problems, possibilities for increasing production, and major policy implications. Con- cludes in part that "enlargement in the scope of world trade in foodgrains requires the evolution of a new system of exchange of data and information,

more effective food reserve policies, flexible trad- ing arrangements and harmonious adjustment policies." Demographic and food production information included in annex. No index.

HILL, LOWELL D., ed. World soybean research: Pro- ceedings of the World Soybean Research Confer- ence. Danville, III.: Interstate, 1976. Pp. xvii, 1,073. $16.50. JEL 77-0204

One hundred six previously unpublished papers on problems related to soybeans that constituted the proceedings of the World Soybean Research Conference held August 3-8, 1975, in Champaign, Illinois. The papers fall under five categories: production, protection, economics of marketing and production, utilization, and a summary. The authors include many businessmen and scholars from numerous disciplines, including economics. The editor is at the University of Illinois at Urbana- Champaign. No index.

HUNTER, Guy; BUNTING, A. H. AND BOTTRALL, AN-

THONY, eds. Policy and practice in rural development: Proceedings of the second International Seminar on Change in Agriculture, Reading [Eng- land] 9-19 September 1974. Land Mark Studies. Montclair, N.J.: Allanheld, Osmun, Universe Books, in Association with Overseas Development Institute, 1976. Pp. 520. $19.50. JEL 77-0205

Forty-five previously unpublished papers (including edited texts of six plenary addresses, short versions of several papers, and five summaries of additional papers) on the problems of organization, management, and institutions for the imple- mentation of agricultural development policies. After several introductory papers, the topics discussed include: the effects of political decisions on the organization of development programs; technical, environmental, and economic factors; farmer organization and services; the commercial function; and administration. A. F. Bottrall and G. Hunter are with the Overseas Development Insti- tute and A. H. Bunting is at the University of Read- ing. Index.

INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE.

Changes in rice farming in selected areas of Asia. Philippines: Author, 1975. Pp. 377. Paper.

JEL 77-0206 Collection of 14 area studies by development

specialists on the farm changes associated with the introduction of new rice technology in 36 rice- growing villages in 6 countries (India, Pakistan, In- donesia, Thailand, Malaysia, and the Philippines.) The selections examine the rice technology and employment, patterns of adoption, tenure status and farm size, credit, rice policy, and rice disposal.



New Books: Annotated Listing 201

Contains a map, diagram of cropping cycles, and a standard table describing the characteristics in each of the 14 areas. Key findings of the individual studies include: (1) Asian farmers are not resistant to change; (2) the modern varieties have a positive effect upon labor requirements; (3) traditional sources of credit-landlord, relatives, etc.-remain important; (4) farmers tend to sell their crops soon after harvest; and (5) physical environmental factors such as irrigation, flood control, plant diseases, and soil quality seem to be as important as the above institutional factors in determining the benefits of the new rice technology. Reproduces survey questionnaire and a list of basic descriptive data collected in appendices. Data are from two rounds of interviews conducted between late 1971 and early 1973 from 150-250 farms in each study area. No index.

ROUMASSET, JAMES A. Rice and risk: Decision making among low-income farmers. Contributions to Economic Analysis, no. 98. New York: American Elsevier; Amsterdam and Oxford: North-Holland, 1976. Pp. xxi, 251. $34.75. JEL 77-0207

Examination of theoretical and methodological problems involved in positive and normative research on decision-making among low-income farmers. The empirical part of this study concerns the quantities of nitrogenous fertilizer chosen by Philippine rice farmers and is based on data gath- ered during an eleven month period in 1971-72 and during the summer of 1974. The author concludes that the theory of resource allocation has overemphasized risk aversion and underemployed decision costs and the role of learning. Diversifica- tion as practiced by Philippine rice farmers may be motivated, in the author's view, by productivity differences, by attempts to make efficient use of fixed factors of production, as a result of market imperfections, and as an efficient learning device. The author emphasizes the general appeal of the theory and methodology to students interested in decision-making under uncertainty. The author is at the University of California. Author and subject indices.

SHEPHERD, GEOFFREY S.; FUTRELL, GENE A. AND STRAIN, J. ROBERT. Marketingfarm products: Eco- nomic analysis. Sixth edition. Ames: Iowa State University Press, [1946-69] 1976. Pp. 485. $15.95.

JEL 77-0208 Textbook in the marketing of agricultural prod-

ucts, arranged around 3 topics: consumer demand for farm products, reflection of these demands to producers by prices, and costs of marketing. This edition includes general updating of the material and adds an author, J. Robert Strain of the Univer-

sity of Florida, who handled the sections on dairy- ing. The other two authors are at Iowa State Uni- versity. Index.

SIMMONS, JOHN, ed. Cocoa production: Economic and botanical perspectives. Praeger Special Stud- ies in International Economics and Development. New York and London: Praeger, 1976. Pp. xviii, 413. $27.50. JEL 77-0209

Thirteen previously unpublished papers by economists and plant physiologists on several economic and botanical aspects of cocoa production. Topics discussed of economic interest include: the economics of cocoa production with special em- phasis on West Africa and Brazil, econometric modelling of the cocoa market, international cocoa agreements, marketing in Ghana, the economics of cocoa production in Brazil, and the global supply and demand for cocoa. The editor in summary notes that the papers point out that: (1) the demand for cocoa is price-inelastic within the rele- vant price range; (2) output is affected by farmers' reaction to changes in produce prices, the impact of fertilizer, and the results of pest and disease control; and (3) the "demand for cocoa in developed countries could decline as the result of an increasing concern about dental care and obesity, and an increased acceptance of synthetics." Con- tributing economists are: F. Gerard Adams, Jere R. Behrman, Tetteh Kofi, Peter T. Knight, John Mira- nowski, Shamsher Singh, and Patrick Yeung. The editor is in the Development Economics Depart- ment of the World Bank. Index.

See also: Book Numbers JEL 77-0176, 77-0245, 77- 0261.

720 NATURAL RESOURCES

AMACHER, RYAN C. AND SWEENEY, RICHARD JAMES,

eds. The law of the sea: US. interests and alternatives. A Conference Sponsored by the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research and the United States Department of the Treasury. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1976. Pp. 196. $9.00, cloth; $4.00, paper. JEL 77-0210

Proceedings of a February 1975 conference on U.S. interests on the law of the sea negotiations and possible alternatives to a comprehensive treaty. Contains five articles on: security and the law of the sea by Robert Osgood, economic interests in law of the sea issues by David B. Johnson and Den- nis E. Logue, institutional mechanisms for international externalities by Robert D. Tollison and Thomas D. Willett, and two papers on alternatives to a law of the sea treaty by Ann L. Hollick and H. Gary Knight, respectively. Subsequent discussion




and commentary accompany the papers; also includes an update describing the second substan- tive session of the Third United Nations Confer- ence on the Law of the Sea at Geneva, 1975, by James L. Johnston. No index.

ASKIN, A. BRADLEY AND KRAFr, JOHN, eds. Econo- metric dimensions of energy demand and supply. Lexington, Mass. and Toronto: Health, Lexington Books, 1976. Pp. xv, 127. $13.00. JEL 77-0211

Eight previously unpublished essays designed to provide insight into the current state of research in the energy economics field. Several of the essays describe various models including a national energy demand model, a vintage capital stock model of gasoline demand, and a short-term petroleum forecasting model. The remaining essays utilize a variety of models to examine: the own and cross elasticities of demand and substitution for alternative fuels in electricity generation; the pros and cons of switching from the present system to a regionally-integrated system of electrical macro- economic impacts of alternative energy strategies; and the relative price impacts that alternative energy policies have at the individual product level. Contributors are: Christopher Alt, Paul H. Earl, Scott E. Atkinson, Anthony Bopp, Derriel Cato, Robert Halvorsen, Arthur Kraft, George Lady, Steven G. Phillips, Eugene Reiser, Mark Rodekohr, James Sweeney, Noel D. Uri, and the editors, who are at the Federal Energy Adminis- tration. No index.

BEN-SHAHAR, HAIM. Oil: Prices and capital. Lexing- ton, Mass. and Toronto: Health, Lexington Books, 1976. Pp. xviii, 124. $13.00. JEL 77-0212

Application of analytic techniques to the economic problems of the energy crisis. Divided into three parts: Part 1 explores energy prices and price policies, looking at possible future develop- ments in OPEC oil demand and policies and the net oil revenues of OPEC members; Part 2 deals with the economic development of several OPEC nations, examines the relation between revenue and development, and presents an optimization framework for explaining oil revenue allocation and foreign investment; Part 3 discusses investment policies for foreign capital accumulated by OPEC nations, applying a model for optimal allocation of capital to various available Western investment outlets, based on the preferential criteria of investors and the contribution of each available investment tool to each criterion. Includes data on energy supplies, oil demand and production, economic indicators, and projections to 1980 and 1985. The author is at Tel-Aviv University. Bibliog- raphy; no index.

CLARK, COLIN W. Mathematical bioeconomics: The optimal management of renewable resources. A Wiley-Interscience Series: Pure and Applied Math- ematics. New York; London; Sydney and Toronto: Wiley, Wiley-Interscience, 1976. Pp. xi, 352. $21.95. JEL 77-0213

Aims at formulating a dynamic theory of renewable resource management; applied to the commercial fishery and forestry industries. Discusses: a basic one-dimensional dynamic fishery model, mathematical techniques of optimal control theory, the phase-plane analysis of dynamical systems, the economic aspects of resource management, and the theory of exhaustible resources. Also con- tained is a discussion of discrete-time models and an extension of the theory to more complex biolog- ical models involving age structure and multispe- cies systems. The only prerequisites are a basic familiarity with calculus and simple differential equations. The author is a professor of mathemat- ics at the University of British Columbia. Bibliogra- phy; index.

COMMITrEE FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT, RE- SEARCH AND POLICY COMMITTEE. Nuclear energy and national security: A statement on national policy. New York: Author, 1976. Pp. 80. $4.00, cloth; $2.50, paper. JEL 77-0214

Policy statement intended to increase awareness of nuclear issues. Discusses national security questions, what can be done by the U.S. to lessen the risks of disaster, and formulation of an energy policy. Reaffirms the view of an earlier C.E.D. pub- lication that nuclear power, with safeguards, promises to be the solution to many of the difficul- ties with fossil fuels. Recommends in part that: (1) the U.S. negotiate with all nuclear-supplying countries to attach common International Atomic Energy Agency safeguards on all sales; (2) the U.S. pursue a program of uranium exploration within this country and develop methods for estimating global supplies of uranium ore; and (3) "that all present restrictions on the importation of foreign uranium be immediately removed." Includes information on the number of nuclear plants in oper- ation in 32 countries. No index.

Copp, E. ANTHONY. Regulating competition in oil: Government intervention in the US. refining industry, 1948-1975. Texas A&M University Eco- nomics Series, no. 1. College Station and London: Texas A&M University Press, 1976. Pp. xxiv, 280. $14.50. JEL 77-0215

Evaluation of the influence of government energy policies on petroleum refining, emphasiz- ing the misallocative effects that the premise of ensuring both competition and national security




has had. Discusses the impact of policies of all levels of government, the size, structure and market concentration, alternative national security ra- tionale for federal and state policy, the failure of import policies, administrative policy efforts, and the implications of the rise of OPEC. Concludes that "the government should assure through tax or other incentives that a minimum of normal opera- ble refining capacity be required for national emergency use "and that the government should insure against a minimum 10 percent U.S. petroleum demand. Also suggests demand-reducing program and deregulation of natural gas. Includes information on process expansion, distribution of capacity, petroleum and gas reserves, energy dependence, and on other related areas, 1948-75. The author is manager of the Energy and Resource Development Group, Salomon Brothers, New York. Bibliography; index.

DAM, KENNETH W. Oil resources: Who gets what how? Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1976. Pp. xi, 193. $11.95. JEL 77-0216

Concerned with government policies toward the exploitation of petroleum resources; focuses on the licensing of private companies to exploit government-owned resources. Examines the costs and benefits of several systems of allocating licenses -an auction system and various discretionary systems-from an a priori economic standpoint, but the major part discusses the policies in three countries: the United States, which uses an auction modality, and Britain and Norway, which have used discretionary modalities. Concludes that although the auction modality is not without its disadvan- tages, it is superior, since it uses the price system while discretionary allocation attempts to substi- tute administrative measures and may result in misallocation of resources and the loss of economic rent by the state. The author is at the University of Chicago Law School. Index.

ECONOMETRICA INTERNATIONAL. Development of methodsforforecasting the national industrial demand for energy. EPRI EA-242, Research Project 433-1, Final Report, July 1976. Palo Alto, Calif.: Electric Power Research Institute, 1976. Pp. ix, 105. Paper. JEL 77-0217

Attempts to develop an analytical framework for static models constructed to forecast energy demand by fuel type for manufacturing industries. The basic methodological approach in construct- ing the manufacturing energy demand models fol- lows the theory of producer optimization. Factors of production considered include capital, labor, electric energy, and nonelectric energy. Presents the mathematical details of the behavioral assump-

tions and shows the basic mathematical problem to be greatly simplified through the use of the theory of duality. Describes structural modifications of the model to permit inclusion of fixed input factors and discusses alternative specifications of profit and cost functions. Also contains a data base and preliminary empirical results for the two-digit (SIC) industries. The fundamental data source was the Annual Survey of Manufacturers. The role of price expectations in reducing the restrictiveness of the static formulation is also discussed. No index.

ENGLISH, H. EDWARD, ed. Canada-United States relations. Praeger Special Studies in International Politics and Government. New York and London: Praeger for the Academy of Political Science, 1976. Pp. xii, 180. $15.00. JEL 77-0218

Fourteen essays by economists, political scientists, and other scholars on relations between Canada and the United States, most of which were presented at a conference sponsored by the Acad- emy of Political Science and the Center of Canadian Studies, The Johns Hopkins University, held in Washington, D.C., October 23-24, 1975. Topics covered include: issues of the energy crisis, natural resources development, the media, environmental relations along the border, national unity, trade policy, and detente. Material previously appeared in the Proceedings of the Academy of Political Science, vol. 32, no. 2. The editor is the director of the Center of Canadian Studies. In- dex.

GREENBERG, MICHAEL R. AND HORDON, ROBERT M.

Water supply planning: A case study and systems analysis. New Brunswick: Rutgers-The State Uni- versity of New Jersey, Center for Urban Policy Re- search, 1976. Pp. xvii, 166. $10.00, paper.

JEL 77-0219 Deals with water supply planning in a densely

developed, metropolitan region characterized by political fragmentation. The study focuses on northeastern New Jersey, and the findings indicate that: (1) most of the advantages of regional management are not realized in northern New Jersey; (2) water agencies pursue independent interests rather than larger regional needs; (3) the future demand for water will come largely from water- deficient communities; (4) the region's water net- work can cope with the lack of geographical coin- cidence between supply and demand; and, (5) the study area's retail price of water is related to supply and demand conditions. No index.

GREENBERG, MICHAEL R., ET AL. Solid waste planning in metropolitan regions. New Brunswick,




N.J.: Rutgers-The State University of New Jersey, Center for Urban Research, 1976. Pp. 218. $10.00, paper. JEL 77-0220

Seeks to identify the present and potential uses of solid waste in northern New Jersey by determining, using a mathematical model, the economic costs of transporting and processing solid waste given conventional and modern solid waste technologies. Reviews several models that have been used in the study on solid waste; provides estimates for 1975, 1980, and 1985 of the region's future solid waste generation; details the methods used to estimate transporting costs; reviews potential revenues that can be credited to solid waste; and reviews several alternative processing and disposal technologies including: landfilling, incineration, dry fuel, gas and oil pyrolysis, and a total resource recovery system. Concludes that the dry fuel technology represents the best alternative. Co-authors are: Mike Bottge, John Caruana, David Horowitz, Beth Krugman, Nicholas Masucci, Anne Milewski, Lester Nebenzahl, Theodore O'Neill, John Sky- peck, and Nicholas Valenti. No index.

HAGEL, JOHN, III. Alternative energy strategies: Con- straints and opportunities. Praeger Special Studies in International Economics and Development. New York and London: Praeger, 1976. Pp. xii, 185. $17.50. JEL 77-0221

Summarizes the current status and future direc- tion of investment strategies and energy research and development in terms of several alternative policies by exporting countries regarding the availability and price of crude oil imports (high-priced crude imports, limited high-priced crude imports, and total embargo on crude imports). Focusing on the United States, Japan, and Western Europe, the author evaluates variations in policy, which he at- tributes to differing conditions, and the effect of these policies on the world energy market. Dis- cusses the status of research and development programs in nonconventional crude oil sources, coal conversion processes, and nuclear and non-nuclear sources. Finds that the "scenarios reveal that the flexibility of consuming governments in energy policy formation varies proportionally with the intensity of pressure on the price or availability of crude oil imports," the flexibility being manifested in restrictions on consumption, modifications in environmental constraints, and accelerated research and development in alternative energy sources. Includes data on world oil reserves, energy consumption in Europe, and Japan's energy supply. Book is a revised and updated ver- sion of a study prepared under the auspices of the Petroleum Information Foundation in New York. The author is a student in a joint MBA-JD program

at Harvard Law School and Harvard Business School. Bibliography; index.

JOHNSON, RALPH W. AND BROWN, GARDNER M., JR.

Cleaning up Europe's waters; Economics, management, and policies. Praeger Special Studies in In- ternational Politics and Government. New York and London: Praeger, 1976. Pp. xvi, 313. $25.00.

JEL 77-0222 Examination and comparison of water quality

management in six European countries: France, England, West Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden, and Hungary. Addresses two central issues: the optimal geographical and subject matter jurisdiction for a water management agency and the reasons for adopting or rejecting an effluent charge system. Describes water quality, discusses water management history, and examines the institutional structures, goals, measures of pollution, economic policies, and recent progress in abatement in each country. Finds in part that: (1) suc- cessful management requires a simple physical measure of waste discharge; (2) actual effluent charge systems are simpler than theoretical ones; (3) all countries subsidize pollution abatement programs, and the subsidies vary inversely with the size of the public sector; (4) "[t]he strong trend in European water management is toward comprehensive or unified management either at the national or basin level"; and (5) national legislative power over pollution control is essential to an effective program. Includes data on charges, pollution levels, and investment levels. The authors are at the University of Washington. Index.

KALTER, ROBERT J. AND VOGELY, WILLIAM A., eds. Energy supply and government policy. Ithaca, N.Y. and London: Cornell University Press, 1976. Pp. 356. $5.95, paper. JEL 77-0223

Fourteen previously unpublished articles by energy experts and economists on the supply of energy in the United States. Examines governmental involvement in the energy supply sector, the degree to which the United States should de- pend on foreign oil, and various alternative ap- proaches in adapting the market mechanism to this desired level of dependence. Covers the following topics: taxation policies, coal resources, problems for individual energy sources, relationship between energy and environmental policy, limitations of government action, possible policy mechanisms, and current features of energy organization. Economists contributing to this volume are: William A. Johnson, John V. Krutilla, Paul W. MacAvoy, Walter J. Mead, Stephen L. McDonald, R. Talbot Page, Wallace E. Tyner, Richard L. Gordon, John E. Tilton, and the editors. Index.




[KAPP, KARL WILLIAM] Environmental management: Economic and social dimensions. Edited by GEORGE F. ROHRLICH. Cambridge, Mass.: Lippincott, Ballinger, 1976. Pp. xxx, 324.

JEL 77-0224 Based on the 18 papers presented to the Second

National Symposium on Corporate Social Policy sponsored by the National Affiliation of Concerned Business Students in Chicago in October 1974 and dedicated to Karl William Kapp in honor of his 65th birthday and the 25th anniversary of his So- cial Costs of Private Enterprise. The theme of the symposium was "Emerging Issues in Consumerism and Environmental Management." (A second volume on consumerism is being published.) Part one discusses the limits of "market economics" in dealing with the ecological aspects of the economic system. Part two examines allocative and income distribution effects of environmental policy. Part three looks at collective choice and the public management of common property resources. Part four examines technical issues in environmental protection. Part five looks at the social management of technology in general, while part six is concerned with the measurement of "economic/ecological efficiency." The authors include economists, lawyers, government officials, and corporate officials. The editor, who provides an Epilogue, is professor of social and economics policy at the Temple University School of Business Administration. Index.

LEISS, WILLIAM. The limits to satisfaction: An essay on the problem of needs and commodities. Toronto and Buffalo: University of Toronto Press, 1976. Pp. x, 159. $12.50, cloth; $4.50, paper. JEL 77-0225

Examination of the problem of human needs and satisfaction in the high-intensity market set- ting of contemporary industrialized societies, which emphasizes consumption of material goods. The author believes that in such a society that de- pends on continuous growth and using up of material resources: "individuals are led to misinterpret the nature of their needs and to misunderstand the relationship between their needs and the ways in which they may be satisfied." Suggests that progressive social change be in "identifying . . . spheres of activity, apart from . . . consumption . . .in which the sense of satisfaction . . . may be grounded." The author is a professor of environmental studies and political science at York Uni- versity, Toronto. Index.

LEONE, ROBERT A., ed. Environmental controls: The impact on industry. Lexington, Mass; Toronto and London: Heath, Lexington Books, 1976. Pp. xvi, 129. $14.00. JEL 77-0226

Eight papers, six are research studies concerning the impact of federal water pollution abatement requirements on the following industries: petroleum refining, paper and pulp industry, iron and steel, textile, aluminum, and metal finishing. Two additional articles discuss the methodology for economic impact analysis of environmental legislation and the conclusions. The editor is at Harvard Business School and the National Bureau of Economic Research. Contributors include: Rich- ard Startz, James L. Smith, Mark Farber, An-Loh Lin, Anne Hill, Edward V. Blanchard, Wu-Lang Lee, J. Royce Ginn, and the editor. Index.

MANGONE, GERARD J., ed. Energy policies of the world. Volume I. Canada, China, Arab states of the Persian Gulf, Venezuela, Iran. New York: American Elsevier; Amsterdam and Oxford: El- sevier Scientific, 1976. Pp. xix, 387. $19.50.

JEL 77-0227 Five papers examining the background, condi-

tions, and influences upon the energy policies of five foreign countries. Discussions of the options available to the governments and interested public for policies contributing to world peace, national development, and international trade for each country. Contributing authors include: Lawson A. W. Hunter, Choon-ho Park, Thomas C. Barger, Anibal R. Martinez, and Jahangir Amuzegar; these include law scholars, a petroleum engineer, and an economist. The editor is the Director of the Study of Marine Policy at the University of Delaware. Index.

MITCHELL, EDWARD J., ed. Energy: Regional goals and the national interest. A Conference Sponsored by the AEI's National Energy Project. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1976. Pp. 101. $8.00, cloth; $3.50, paper. JEL 77-0228

Six previously unpublished papers and subsequent comments and discussions on the political and economic issues of the energy crisis. Examines primarily oil and natural gas issues, particularly the issue of price, and the reasons for, and possible solutions to, the regional divisions over energy policy. In the Foreword, Melvin R. Laird notes two points made evident in the conference: (1) "a good deal of the regional bitterness came about because of the suddenness and the size of the changes wrought by the crystalization of the OPEC cartel"; and (2) there is no unique regional solution to national energy problems since "[r]egional dispari- ties in resource endowments are the rule, not the exception." Contributing authors include: Milton Russell, Charles Murphy, Jill Schuker, Nelson A. Rockefeller, Michael J. Dukakis, and Pete V.




Domenici; discussants include: Jim Bishop, David Boren, Edward W. Brooke, James Langdon, Stewart Udall, and Frank Zarb. No index.

PEARCE, D. W. Environmental economics. Modern Economics Series. London and New York: Long- man, 1976. Pp. vii, 202. $16.50. JEL 77-0229

Textbook in environmental economics covering problems of pollution and nonrenewable resources. Emphasizes, in addition to economic analysis, the practical problems of estimating damage and control costs. Topics covered include: welfare economics, ecology, input-output analysis, pollution, securing an optimal pollution level, cost- benefit analysis, depletion of nonrenewable resources, resource conservation, population, and limits to growth. The author is Director of the Pub- lic Sector Economics Research Centre at Leicester University. Bibliography; index.

THRALL, R. M., ET AL., eds. Economic modeling for water policy evaluation. North-Holland/TIMS Studies in The Management Sciences, vol. 3. Am- sterdam; Oxford and New York: North-Holland, 1976. Pp. xvii, 261. $20.95. JEL 77-0230

Twenty papers by economists and engineers selected from a series of four sessions on Economic Modeling for Water Policy Evaluation at the 1974 TIMS/ORSA meeting in San Juan, Puerto Rico. The first two papers provide some historical background as well as a review of the current status of modeling efforts. The next three papers develop and apply water-related models to industry and agriculture, providing a foundation for the con- struction of a comprehensive national model for water policy evaluation. The next seven papers are primarily contributions to modeling methodology with reference to some use of water. The final eight papers are in the form of editorial comments resulting from a panel discussion on forward looking views on water use. No index.

See also: Book Numbers JEL 77-0012, 77-0150, 77- 0263, 77-0274, 77-0280.

730 ECONOMIC GEOGRAPHY

See also: Book Number JEL 77-0271.

800 Manpower; Labor; Population

810 MANPOWER TRAINING AND ALLOCATION; LABOR FORCE AND SUPPLY

GOLDMAN, BARBARA. New directionsfor manpower policy. Montreal: Howe Research Institute, 1976. Pp. v, 113. $3.00, paper. JEL 77-0231

Examines Canadian manpower policy, looking back at the goals of the original programs and

ahead to the possible problems that will be faced by these programs in the 1980's and noting incon- sistencies in policies with reference to each other and to the needs of the labor market. After describing the role of manpower policy, the author examines the impact of the programs on the supply and demand of manpower. Finds that the current trend in the organization and delivery of job crea- tion programs points to the continuances of Canada Manpower Centres as the focal point for delivery of services, although efforts need to be made to improve the efficiency and status of these agencies. Concludes that the programs will pay off only if "governments make a serious effort to tune their manpower policies to the social objectives of creating greater equity of employment oppor- tunity and achieving full employment." Includes information on manpower programs and expendi- tures. No index.

820 LABOR MARKETS; PUBLIC POLICY

DASGUPTA, A. K. A theory of wage policy. Delhi; New York; London and Capetown: Oxford Univer- sity Press, 1976. Pp. xii, 78. $2.75, paper.

JEL 77-0232 This essay examines a theory of wage policy from

the standpoint of a developing nation that is ex- periencing a large and chronic unemployment rate due to a deficiency in capital resources. The author argues the necessity for achieving a wage structure that would "induce labour to give of its best" and yet yield enough investable surplus to sustain a desirable rate of growth. This policy calls for a reorientation of the structure of income distribution. Specifically, the author recommends a low level of wages and salaries to absorb the unem- ployed, a lower level of wages in the organized sector to reduce sector differentials; and reduction of differentials between minimum wages and top salaries (including here compensation of the managerial staff). Analyzed in nonmathematical terms and placed within the context of the Indian economy. Index.

FREEDMAN, MARCIA K. Labor markets: Segments and shelters. Assisted by GRETCHEN MACLACH-

LAN. Foreword by ELI GINZBERG. Conservation of Human Resources Series. Land Mark Studies. Montclair, N.J.: Allanheld, Osmun; Universe Books, 1976. Pp. xviii, 202. $18.50. JEL 77-0233

Focuses on the structure of the labor market and the differentiation of jobs in its overall interest in segmentation of the market. Provides an overview of job structure in the American economy in 1970, arranging the jobs in a new occupational-industrial matrix and ranking them according to average annual earnings. Compares 1960 and 1970 census



Documents

700: Agriculture: Natural Resources