GOVERNMENTS OF ASIA7th Grade SS

FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF INDIA

Chief of State = President Elected by electoral college (5-yr. term)

Head of Government = Prime Minister Head of majority party in legislature

Federal

ALL citizens over 18 may vote for legislators.

THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA

Chief of State = President Elected by the National People’s Congress

(but really only one party exists – The Chinese Communist Party)

Head of Government = Premier Head of Chinese Communist Party (ruling

party) Unitary

CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY OF JAPAN Chief of State = Emperor of Japan

Little/no power—a “symbol of the state” Head of Government = Prime Minister

Prime Minister and Cabinet of Ministers hold all executive power

Unitary Universal voting rights for all adult

citizens

CITIZEN PARTICIPATION

North Korea – autocracy (dictator – Kim Jong Un)

China – oligarchy (National People’s Congress)

Japan – (parliamentary) democracy India – (parliamentary) democracy

India has a president, but it is a ceremonial role.

ECONOMICS

3 Basic Economic Questions: What to produce? How to produce? For whom to produce?

COMMAND MARKET

China

India Japan

North Korea

CHINA What?

40% of economy is based in state-run industries. 60% is based on the private sector

(supply/demand, consumer/producer). How?

State-run industries have inefficiencies that limit economic growth.

Private market has grown so fast that regulations about consumer safety and environmental pollution can’t keep up.

For whom? Must produce food to support large population.

(problems with food storage) Exports manufactured goods

INDIA What?

1991 – markets slowly opened to private sector Majority of population depends on subsistence farming Lots of bureaucracy and corruption in creating a

business How?

Increasing regulation of rights, but many legal challenges exist.

Increasingly educated workforce (engineering and computer science)

Complex and corrupt tax system hurts business owners. For whom?

Produce food for citizens (subsistence) Software and business process outsourcing is growing

as an export.

JAPAN What?

Market-driven (supply and demand) Agriculture – government control (lower

productivity) How?

Private businesses determine production. For whom?

High standard of living with lots of things available

Major exporter due to high quality of goods and services

NORTH KOREA What?

LEGAL economy controlled by government (with some small market reforms)

Underground economy – more market-based. Receives lots of food and basic service aid from

Non-Governmental Organizations and foreign nations (U.S.)

How? Production processes determined by government

For whom? ¼ of economy is for the military (which decreases

the amount of goods/services for the citizens). Exports manufactured goods and natural

resources

COMPARISON CHART

  GDPLiteracy Rate

School Life

Expectancy

Real Growth Rate

Capital Investme

ntChina

$12.38 trillion 92.20% 12 years 7.80% 47.8% of GDP

India$4.784 trillion 61% 10 years 6.50% 30% of GDP

Japan

$4.525 trillion 99% 15 years 0.20% 21.1% of GDP

*Investment in Human Capital: education and training*Investment in Capital: factories, machinery, technology*How are each of these related to GDP?

** Countries with large economies can have a low real growth rate because they are so large.