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7-2 Eukaryotic Cell Structure & Function
These are micrographs of cells you will see in this week's lab. One is plant (onion epithelium), the other animal (human cheek epithelium). Determine which is which and label them.
Cytologists divide eukaryotic cells into two major compartments, both easily visible in these micrographs. Identify them and label them in one cell from each species. Write a definition for each compartment.
What characteristics helped you decide?
You and plants have something in common!
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Plant CellEukaryotic Cell StructuresThis diagram represents a photoautotrophic eukaryote.
Label the diagram with BOTH structure & function.What characteristics and components identify this as a plant cell?
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Nucleus
Gene expression & heredity
Eukaryotic Cell StructuresIdentify the most important compound contained in the nucleus? Define it. Does it ever leave the nucleus?Does the information leave the nucleus? How?
Why?Is the information ever passed on? How?Why?
Label the diagram with BOTH structure & function.
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Ribosomes
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
The site of protein synthesis
What two compounds make up ribosomes?
Where in the cell are they found?
What is ribosome function overall? How, more specifically?
Where do they get the information of amino acid sequence?
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Protein & lipid synthesis, processing & transport
What are the two types of ER and their abreviations?What differentiates them structurally?What differentiates them functionally?Where are many proteins and lipids produced by ER transported?
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Golgi ApparatusEukaryotic Cell Structures
Protein & lipid modification, sorting, packaging & shipping
How is the Golgi Apparatus described?What is it's function?How does it operate?Where do the final proteins and lipids go?Draw and label an ER transport vesicle, Cis Face, Cisternae, Trans Face, Secretory Vesicle, and an arrow showing the direction of processing.
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LysosomesEukaryotic Cell Structures
Intracellular Digestion & “Suicide”
What are lysosomes? Where do they come from?What compounds can they digest?Define the following:
Primary LysosomeSecondary LysosomeAutophagyProgramed Cell Death (Apoptosis)
Food Vacuole
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VacuolesEukaryotic Cell Structures
Storage, support & water balance
Differentiate between vacuoles and vesiclesIn the top diagram, label the organelle with the pointer line and describe its two functions.
Differentiate between vacuoles and vesicles.
Define turgor pressure in relation to this organelle.
In the bottom diagram, label the organelle with the pointer line and describe its function.Define osmoregulation in relation to this organelle.What human organ system is responsible for osmoregulation?
Name one other type of vacuole you encountered previously.
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MitochondriaEukaryotic Cell Structures
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Identify the overall process that mitochondria perform (3 words).
What organic compound is the primary starting material (reactant) for this process?What organic compound is the primary product?How do cells use this product, in general?Identify the forms of energy converted in this process?
What element is required for this process?
Label the following on the diagram:
Why is the inner membrane folded?What important compounds are found in the matrix?
outer membrane,inner membrane, intermembrane space, cristae, matrix.
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ChloroplastsEukaryotic Cell Structures
Photosynthesis
Label the following on the diagram: outer membrane,inner membrane, thylakoid membrane, stroma.
Identify the overall process that chloroplasts perform.
What inorganic compounds (reactants) are required for this process?
What form of energy is required for this process.
What organic compound is the product and what form of energy does it contain?
What green pigment is found in the thylakoid membrane?
Why is the thylakoid membrane arranged into stacks of hollow disks?What important compounds are found in the stroma?
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Ribosomes Mitochondrion
Endoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane
Microtubule
Microfilament
Cytoskeleton
Eukaryotic Cell Structures
Support, transport, locomotion & cell division
What two physical features does the cytoskeleton maintain?What cellular process involves the cytoskeleton?Differentiate between microfilaments and microtubules, including their; composing compound, physical characteristics,function in the cell, and locomotive structures.
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CentriolesEukaryotic Cell Structures
Microtubule organizing & cell division
Based on this diagram, what cytoskeletal component also makes up centrioles?In what general area are centrioles fond in the cell?What is their general function? They also function during what cellular process?
How many found together?
Devise a mathematical equation that describes the structural arrangement of microtubules in one centriole?
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Animal CellEukaryotic Cell StructuresThis diagram represents a heterotrophic eukaryote.
Label the diagram with BOTH structure & function.What characteristics and components identify this as an animal cell? (Compare and contrast plant and animal cells.)