7-2: Eukaryotic Cell Organelles

Stem cells

White blood cell trapping bacteria

• The cell is divided into 2 parts: the nucleus and the cytoplasm.

• The nucleolus is in the nucleus

• Everything else is in the cytoplasm.

• Plant cells: have cell walls & chloroplasts

• Animal cells don’t

Skin cells

Nucleus

• Acts like the control center of the cell.

• Contains the DNA that holds the genetic code for making proteins.

• Surrounded by the nuclear envelope.

 

 

Nucleolus

• A small dense region within the nucleus.• Where the assembly of ribosomes begins.

Ribosomes• Ribosomes can float freely in the cytoplasm or

be attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

• They assemble the proteins for the cell.

Endoplasmic reticulum

• Lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled here. Rough ER makes proteins.

• Both lipids and proteins are transported through the ER to the outside of the cell.

 

Golgi apparatus

• Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER.

• Materials are either stored in the Golgi apparatus or secreted out of the cell.

Lysosomes

• Small organelles filled with enzymes

• The enzymes break down large compounds such as lipids, carbohydrates and proteins.

• The cell then reuses the smaller compounds to make new ones.

 

 

Vacuoles & cytoplasm

• Vacuoles Vacuoles storestore water, salt, proteins and carbohydrates water, salt, proteins and carbohydrates • Vacuoles also serve as Vacuoles also serve as supportsupport structures in plants structures in plants• The cytoplasm is the The cytoplasm is the fluidfluid that fills the cell in which all that fills the cell in which all

the other organelles float. the other organelles float.

Mitochondria

• Mitochondria convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds the cell can use (ATP)

• The ‘powerhouse’ of the cell• All our mitochondria come from our mothers.

Chloroplasts • Found only in plant cells, cyanobacteria.• Photosynthesis, the process that converts

solar energy to chemical energy, occurs here

Cytoskeleton

• A network of protein filaments that helps the cell keep its shape.

• Also involved in cell movement.

Can you namethe organelles?