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Welcome, StudenA

Presentation

On

THE ORGANIZATION

LIVING THINGS(general science/chapter no!"

(Stan#ar# se$en"

%&

A'ita Nai

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The Organi)ation O* Li$ing Things

• +e see 'an& li$ing things aro,n# ,s- O* these so'e are

ani'als an# so'e. plants- The str,ct,re o* so'e li$ingthings is si'ple hile others ha$e co'ple0 str,ct,res-

• +e ha$e learnt that li$ing things lie a'oe%a.

para'eci,'. chlorella are ,nicell,lar an# that li$ing

things lie a tree or 'an are ',lticell,lar-

• Vario,s li*e processes lie respiration. #igestion go on in

the %o#ies o* li$ing things- In ,nicell,lar li$ing things allprocess are carrie# o,t in that single cell hereas in

',lticell,lar li$ing things there are #i**erent organs to

carr& o,t #i**erent processes- That is h&. the cell is

consi#ere# to %e the *,n#a'ental ,nit o* the str,ct,re an#

*,nction o* li$ing things- The str,ct,re o* li$ing things is

s,ite# to the *,nctions the& ',st per*or'- This is non

as the organisation o* li$ing things-

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Le$els In The Organi)ation O* Li$i

Things

• 1ELL LEVEL

• TISS2E LEVEL

• ORGAN LEVEL

• S3STE4 LEVEL

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1ell le$el

The le$el o* organi)ation is #i**erent in #i**erent

li$ing things- The str,ct,re an# *,nctions o* all

li$ing things occ,r at the cell,lar le$el- 1ells contain

$ario,s organelles- These organelles carr& o,t

respiration. #igestion- E0cretion an# other $ario,s

li*e processes ithin the cell- This is calle#

ORGANISATION AT THE 1ELL2LAR LEVEL-

This is the loest le$el o* organi)ation- In

,nicell,lar li$ing things. their organi)ation is onl& at

the cell,lar le$el- All li*e processes o* the a'oe%a.

spirog&ra. e,glena. para'eci,' tae place in a

single cell- That is. their li*e processes tae place at

the cell,lar le$el-

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Tiss,e le$el organisation

+hen the organi)ation at the cell,lar

le$el *alls short o* carr&ing o,t all li*e

processes. then organi)ation at the tiss,ele$el #e$elops- In these li$ing things. cells

*,nction in gro,p in or#er to carr& o,t

$ario,s li*e processes-

A gro,p o* cells all o* hich per*or'

the sa'e *,nction is calle# a tiss,e- This

le$el organi)ation- +e see s,ch tiss,ele$el organi)ation in li$ing things lie

'oss. algae. an# h&#ra-

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Organ le$el organisation

Vario,s in#s o* tiss,es co'e

together to *or' an organ- Organs lie

the sto'ach or li$er in ani'als or the

lea*. the *loer in plants are 'a#e ,p

o* $ario,s tiss,es- These organs

per*or' #i**erent *,nctions at

#i**erent stages- +hen li*e processes in

li$ing things are carrie# o,t %& organs

then it is non as ORGAN LEVEL

ORGANISATION-

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S&ste' le$el organisation

Li*e processes lie respiration. #igestion. e0cretion an# repro#,ction ta

in li$ing things- To carr& o,t these *,nctions. se$eral organs *,nction togeth

gro,p- A gro,p o* organs hich together carr& o,t a certain *,nction is cal

s&ste'-

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The #i**erent organs o* the #igesti$e s&ste' lie the sto'ach- Intestine

etc- or as a gro,p at #i**erent stages o* the process o* #igestion o* *oo#-

li$ing things ha$e se$eral #i**erent s&ste's lie the #igesti$e. respirato

circ,lator&. e0cretor& s&ste's- The organisation o* li$ing things at this le$e

calle# S&ste' Le$el Organisation-

this is a higher le$el o* organisation- +e *in# s&ste' le$el organisation

$erte%rate ani'als an# see# %earing plants-

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6IOSPHERE

E1OS3STE4

1O442NIT3

POP2LATION

S3STE4LEVEL

ORGAN LEVE

TISS2E LEVE

1ELL LEVEL

ORGANISATION OF LIVI

ani'als an# plants ha$e $ario,s s&ste's-

these $ario,s s&ste's together 'ae ,p a

single li$ing thing or organis'-

e ha$e seen that li$ing things are

organise# at $ario,s le$els. na'el&. cell,lar.

tiss,e. organ an# s&ste's le$els- There are

so'e *,rther le$els o* organisation. too- These

are

7" Pop,lation

8" 1o'',nit&

9" Ecos&ste'

:" 6iosphere-

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The Pop,lation le$el o* organisation consist o* all in#i$i#,als o* the sa'species- For e0a'ple. all h,'an %eings on the earth *ro' the pop,lation o*species o* 'an-

The partic,lar area in hich a gro,p o* ani'als an# plants li$e an# *lotogether is calle# their Ha%itat-

The gro,p o* organis's o* all the $ario,s species li$ing together in an& ha%itat is calle# a 1o'',nit&-

The li$ing an# non;li$ing *actors together *or' an Ecos&ste'- There ar'an& #i**erent in# o* ecos&ste's on the earth s,ch as *orests. laes. seas. rlan#. etc-

Li$ing things e0ists in the at'osphere. h&#rosphere an# lithosphere- Tho* the at'osphere. h&#rosphere an# lithosphere occ,pie# %& li$ing things istogether calle# the 6iosphere- The %iosphere is the highest le$el o* theorganisation o* li$ing things-

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