6845.2.1.1-EN-Rev.5 Critical Risk Control Protocols.pdf

Critical Risk Control Protocols

about the health and safety of our employees, of those who work under our care, and of the people our projects serve.

Winning the hearts and minds of our people for safety requires each person to become a safety leader. These are

leaders who inspire, motivate and transform others to excel in safety.

Emphasis on safety and quality on projects which involves the integration of safety into all core business activities, the

distribution of responsibility and accountability for safety to all employees at all levels and the adoption of peer-driven safety review processes.

Competence of the organization and people in indentifying and managing risk requires a systematic focus on behaviours, risk

perceptions and skills. Risk is inseparable from opportunity and reward and is to be managed competently at all levels of the organization.

Analysis of performance while respecting lessons learned from previous experience, our focus is on

sustaining a proactive safety culture. This includes processes like root cause analysis, positive incentive programs, safety leadership training, etc

Risk transformation ensures that the overall management of safety is risk-based, systematic and

responsive to the dynamic nature of hazards and risks. We must stay vigilant and support processes which effectively assess all of our projects, business activities, and operations.

Engineering innovation for safety reduces risks in project design, infrastructure, construction, and operations.

It includes processes of quality management, lessons learned, e-technology, innovation, and benchmarking against best practices.

W E C A R E . . .


Revision HistoRy

Revision Date Description Prepared byApproved

by

0January

2006 DraftGlobal Health

& Safety T. Horton

1 June 2006 Initial release Global Health & Safety T. Horton

2November

2009 Checklists addedGlobal Health

& Safety C. Price

3December

2010 Excavations added - Protocol 7Global Health

& Safety C. Price

4March 2011 Checklists updated

Global Health & Safety T. Van Wieren

5January

2012 Full Document ReviewGlobal Health

& Safety T. Van Wieren

Caution: Un-Controlled CopyValid only at time of retrieval from network source directory.

User should verify that the revision number is the most current.

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tAble of Contents

PROTOCOL 1 VEHICLES AND MOBILE EQUIPMENT 5

PROTOCOL 2 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS MANAGEMENT 13

PROTOCOL 3 EQUIPMENT SAFEGUARDING 19

PROTOCOL 4 DE-ENERGIZATION, ISOLATION, LOCK-OUT AND TAGGING 21

PROTOCOL 5 WORKING AT HEIGHTS 27

PROTOCOL 6 LIFTING OPERATIONS 35

PROTOCOL 7 CONFINED SPACE 43

PROTOCOL 8 EXCAVATIONS, TRENCHES AND CORING 53

APPENDIX A 59

INDEX 60

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intRoDUCtion

The Critical Risk Protocols are designed to provide those controls deemed necessary to prevent fatalities, serious incidents and injuries arising from the most common hazards associated with our business.

The existence of these Protocols does not provide coverage of all risk areas. Other risk areas are addressed through our risk management process , a key element of the SNC-Lavalin Risk Register Procedure.

ConteXt

These Protocols should be read and used in conjunction with SNC-Lavalin Global Health and Safety Management System, Standards and Procedures. The SNC-Lavalin Global Health and Safety Management System as shown below is hierarchical, where documents and systems must meet and support the requirements of those at a higher level.

DePloyMent

The mandatory requirements of these protocols are signified by the use of the word shall. The word should indicates that the primary intent is to comply with the full requirements as if they were mandatory. However, there will be circumstances where local conditions may demonstrate that the requirement is either not applicable or an alternative approach is necessary. Variation can only be considered as compliance if the most senior manager of the project approves it based on an evaluation of the risk. The risk management approach adopted must be consistent with the SNC-Lavalin risk management process and follow the hierarchy of controls.

APPliCAtion

These protocols apply at all SNC-Lavalin controlled sites for controlled activities, and to all SNC-Lavalin employees, contractors and visitors when involved in these controlled activities.

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HieRARCHy of ContRols

The hierarchy of controls is the preferred order to mitigate hazards and control risk levels:

1. Elimination: Complete removal of a hazard.

2. Substitution: Replacing the material or process with a less hazardous one.

3. Separation: Isolate the hazard (e.g. guarding or enclosing it).

4. Engineering: Designs or modifications to reduce the exposure to the hazard.

5. Administrative: Limit exposure to hazardous conditions or energies by procedural means (e.g. timing of work, policies, signage and work practices).

6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Last line of defence; hazards are still present and PPE is used to reduce the potential for harm.

A number of these options may be considered and applied individually, or in combination.

It is recognized that sound (and formalized) risk management principles are still required (e.g. beyond simple compliance with a mandatory Protocol) to identify, quantify, control and reduce the likelihood of incidents through the investigation, assessment and understanding of hazards associated with the activities covered by these Protocols.

SNC-Lavalin operates a diverse range of businesses in different countries and cultures around the world, all with varying legal frameworks. When applying procedures and

practices to meet the needs of these Protocols, the relevant legislation must be complied with.

The nature of hazards and extent of risk may be significantly influenced by changes implemented to operations, processes, equipment, systems, services and people. This requires procedures to assess the effect of these changes and the associated risks. As with any formal risk management process, appropriate change management processes shall be in place.

APPRovAl foR AlteRnAtive ContRols

In unique circumstances where the specific requirements of a Critical Risk Control Protocol cannot be fully achieved, approval for alternative control measures shall be obtained by providing a comprehensive and documented risk-based management control plan, containing the following:

DetailsoftheCriticalRiskControlProtocolconformance gaps;

Alternativecontrolstobeimplemented;

Timeframeandassociatedconditionstowards achieving compliance;

Assignedsinglepointaccountability;and

Sign off by the one up manager to themost senior manager of the project.

MAintenAnCe of ContRols

All controls require maintenance and monitoring. The monitoring and measuring of control effectiveness shall be instituted as part of the risk management process for all SNC-Lavalin controlled sites.

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PRotoCol 1 veHiCles AnD Mobile eQUiPMent

1.1 INTENT

To eliminate or minimize the risk of fatalities, injuries and incidents arising from the use of vehicles and mobile equipment.

1.2 APPROACH

This protocol applies to all self-propelled vehicles and mobile equipment.

This protocol applies to all SNC-Lavalin controlled sites and activities, and to all SNC-Lavalin employees, contractors and visitors when involved in controlled activities. This protocol does not apply to employees personal vehicles. (Note: if client or local legislation requires more stringent controls, then those controls shall be implemented).

1.2.1 REASON FOR INCLUSION

Vehicles have been involved in a significant proportion of fatal and high potential incidents in the construction and mining industries. Identified causes and contributing factors include:

1. Inappropriate speed for conditions.

2. Driver fatigue.

3. Vehicle stability.

4. Driver distraction.

5. Vehicle condition (tires, brakes, etc.).

6. Alcohol and drugs;.

7. Poor visibility.

8. Lack of vehicle separation from other mobile equipment, objects and pedestrians.

9. Risk taking behaviour.

10. Driver experience/competency.

1.3 DEFINITIONS

Mobile equipment includes vehicles such as bobcats, front end loaders, forklifts, dump trucks, tractor trailers, packers, etc.

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Light vehicles includes vehicles such as passenger cars, four wheel drives (including all wheel drives), sports utility vehicles (SUVs), cargo vans, pick-ups (utilities), mini buses, etc.

Heavy equipment includes vehicles such as bull dozers, rock trucks, excavators, graders, etc.

1.4 DEPLOYMENT

Please refer to the deployment section on page 3 for definition and explanation, and approval for alternative controls.

The requirements of this protocol are as follows.

1.4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1. Maintain and operate all vehicles in accordance with manufacturers specifications.

2. Safe work plans shall be in place to ensure that risks associated with servicing vehicles are managed and controlled. The systems shall include, but are not limited to, primary and secondary stands specifically manufactured for the support of vehicles or mobile equipment when support for mobile equipment is required.

3. Vehicle selection shall be based on a documented risk assessment process, taking account of tasks, suitability for job application, environment and roll over and crash worthiness ratings.

4. Tires specifically designed for the hazardous road conditions, including tires designated for winter driving during the season when snow or ice can be expected.

5. In instances where SNC-Lavalin staff must use short-term rental vehicles, all efforts should be made to comply with these protocols. Where it is not possible to comply (e.g. winter tires), alternate controls should be utilized (e.g. rental of four-wheel-drive vehicle).

6. Prior to allowing vehicles not specifically designed to dump their loads from uneven surfaces to dump, supervision must ensure that the vehicle is on firm/level ground.

7. All installed and required safety equipment such as seat belts, air bags, emergency stopping system, parking brake and audible back-up alarms shall be used at all times when the vehicle/equipment is in use.

8. Before the operator exits a vehicle the parking brake must be set and the ignition turned off.

9. Circle checks must be completed to ensure safe movement of vehicles prior to use.

10. When the vehicle is parked on an incline and as applicable to the type of equipment, the wheels must be blocked, the blade/forks/bucket lowered or the wheels turned into a berm or other obstruction.

11. Light vehicle running lights (low beam headlamps) shall be on at all times when the vehicle is in operation.

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12. Mobile phones, whether hands-free or hand-held, shall not be used by the driver of a vehicle unless the vehicle is stationary and in a safe location.

13. Controls shall be in place to ensure the safety of people working in traffic areas, including working on unexpected vehicle breakdowns.

14. To allow forward egress into traffic areas and improve safe movement of traffic, in our parking lots at our office and project sites, all vehicles should back into parking spaces where appropriate.

15. A fit-for-work policy shall be in place, incorporating defined action levels for drugs (including prescribed medication) and alcohol and procedures for managing driver fatigue

1.4.2 PROJECT EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

All road going vehicles shall have the following minimum safety features:

1. Vehicles carrying passengers shall have suitable seats with seatbelts (no seat, no ride) and shall not have seating that is side mounted. Passengers may be permitted without appropriate seats if it has been authorized for training or for inspecting the equipment, but only if adequate provision has been made for the safety of the passenger.

2. Roll-over protection is required for all vehicles where the risk of roll over is high.

3. Cargo barriers and load restraints for all vehicles designed for carrying loads (other than passengers), or that are unable to have cargo separated from the vehicles occupant carrying space.

4. A first aid kit suitable for road emergencies.

5. Emergency roadside triangles or beacons (three of either).

6. Driver frontal airbag and passenger airbag (for light vehicles).

1.4.2.1 INTERACTION WITH HEAVY EQUIPMENT

All vehicles that interact with heavy mobile equipment shall:

1. Have means that enable communication to be made with that equipment.

2. Have a flashing, revolving or strobe light or for light vehicles reflective taping and a high-visibility flag (e.g. a whip flag or buggy whip).

3. Ensure vehicles with poor visibility, oversized loads, operating in tight quarters or other high risk situations are moved with the assistance of a signal person (spotter).

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1.4.3 MOBILE EQUIPMENT

Mobile equipment shall have:

1. Seatbelts for all occupant seats.

2. Roll over protection where there is risk of roll over.

3. Falling object protection unless the risk of falling objects is low.

4. A suitably mounted portable fire extinguisher.

5. Lights for safe operation.

6. Horn or other audible warning device.

7. Reverse alarm (except for bi-directional vehicles such as shuttle cars).

8. Isolation point (see Protocol 4 De-Energization, Isolation, Lock-Out and Tagging) that can accept a personal lock.

9. Wheel chocks for rubber tired mobile equipment.

1.4.4 EQUIPMENT INSPECTION

1. Inspect vehicles at the start of each shift and complete a pre-shift vehicle/equipment checklist and keep the checklist on the vehicle for that shift.

2. Prior to acceptance and use of heavy and mobile equipment on site, a mechanical inspection must be carried out and a copy of the inspection forwarded to the appropriate SNC-Lavalin personnel.

3. Ensure that a formal, effective and auditable preventive maintenance program is established for all vehicles and mobile equipment.

4. Immediately tag and lock vehicles out of service that have been found to have defects that pose a hazard to safe operation.

1.4.5 MODIFICATION OF EQUIPMENT

Stamped engineering documents shall accompany all vehicle/mobile equipment modifications, including the attachment of any equipment. Examples of changes or modifications may include, but are not be limited to:

1. Any change or modification made to the overall vehicle body structure or design.

2. Any change or modification made to the original manufacturers required or suggested type of tires or wheels.

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3. Any change or modification made to the vehicle suspension system, mechanical system, or lifting capacity.

4. Any change or modification that may adversely alter the vehicles centre of gravity.

5. Any change or modification that may affect the vehicles load carrying capacity.

6. Any change that may affect the vehicles crash-worthiness or the effective operation of any vehicle feature.

1.4.6 JOURNEY MANAGEMENT PLANS

Journey management plans are required anytime employees are required to travel:

1. More than 400 km or 4 hours.

2. In areas that pose safety and security risks due to political or social instability.

3. In unpopulated areas with limited communication ability.

4. In areas where conditions make the travel more hazardous:

a) extensive travel on unpaved or unmaintained roadways.

b) high levels of wildlife interactions.

c) mountainous areas.

d) dangerous seasonal or extreme weather conditions.

Systems shall be in place to ensure that risks associated with vehicle journeys are managed and controlled. The systems should include, but not be limited, to:

1. Journey management plans in place prior to commencement of new or changed travel activities.

2. Identification and monitoring of the risks associated with the number of journeys, routes, intersections, etc. To ensure that the overall exposure is reduced to as low as reasonably practicable.

3. The need for survival or emergency equipment suitable for the operating environment.

4. Assessment and communication of changed environmental and road conditions at the time of travel.

5. Outline of actions required in the event of an emergency (e.g. collision or break down).

6. Provisions to manage driver fatigue.

7. When traveling long distances or in remote areas alone, a check-in schedule is established with a contact person who knows how to respond if a problem develops.

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1.4.7 TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PLANS

An assessment needs to be completed to see if there are any traffic hazards at a given project, and if so a site-based traffic management plan shall be in place including, but not limited to the following:

1. A traffic control person (spotter) is required any time a large vehicle is backing up on a construction site, any vehicle that is backing up into a congested area, and any time project equipment interacts with the public to ensure a clear and safe path of travel. This person shall have sufficient documented training to complete this task.

2. Setting of appropriate speed limits for vehicle types, road surfaces and environmental conditions.

3. Overtaking protocol.

4. Procedures for light vehicles entering hazardous or restricted areas.

5. Clear communication protocols.

6. Standards for safe following distances based on operational circumstances, environmental conditions and near sight (blind spot) limitations of other mobile equipment.

7. Installation and maintenance of road traffic control signs as appropriate to the work site.

8. Parking procedures (e.g. safe parking distances/locations) and required barriers from heavy mobile equipment and pedestrians.

9. A site-based review of pedestrian interaction, road design and layouts (including entrance and exit points, intersections and other potential points of interaction between vehicles and other mobile equipment), shall be conducted and updated when changes to layouts are required. Where possible, traffic segregation should be used to separate pedestrians, light vehicles and other mobile equipment.

10. Any changes to the site traffic management plan shall go through a change management review.

1.4.8 PEOPLE REQUIREMENTS

1. All employees, contractors and visitors shall be inducted in appropriate site road safety and vehicle hazards.

2. A system shall be in place to verify that drivers of heavy and mobile equipment have a valid and appropriate level of public road drivers license prior to being allowed to operate vehicles/equipment off site. Where applicable, vehicle operators shall have their license on their person at all times.

3. A permit or certification system shall be in place to ensure drivers/operators are competent to operate vehicles in their intended environment, whether that be internal or external to a

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SNC-Lavalin site. Only qualified personnel or personnel in training under direct supervision are permitted to operate equipment.

4. As a minimum training should include:

a) hazards assessed for a particular vehicle and the task for which it is to be used.

b) specific road/project site rules.

c) vehicle familiarization, taking into account the vehicles handling dynamics, blind spots and various features.

d) loading and restraining principles where the vehicle intended to be operated is designed for carrying cargo loads.

e) education and awareness of driving and travel risks that may be encountered within the environment where the vehicle may be operated or driven.

f) emergency crash and breakdown procedures, basic mechanical principles including tire changing and how to adequately perform a pre-operation check.

5. Where suitable, the SNC-Lavalin Positive Incentive Program should be used to reinforce safe driving practices.

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PRotoCol 2 HAZARDoUs MAteRiAls MAnAGeMent

2.1 INTENT

To eliminate or minimize the risk of fatalities, illnesses, injuries and incidents arising from the storage, handling, production, transport, recycling and disposal of hazardous materials.

2.2 APPROACH

This protocol applies to hazardous materials that, in one or more of their forms (solid, liquid or gas), have the potential to harm our people, the environment, or our communities (all stakeholders), either in an accident involving loss of control/containment, or in normal, controlled activities (e.g. storage, handling, production, transport, recycling and disposal). This protocol does not cover handling of explosives or radioactive materials.

This protocol applies to all SNC-Lavalin controlled sites and controlled activities, and to all SNC-Lavalin employees, contractors and visitors when involved in hazardous materials operations. (Note: if client or local legislation requires more stringent controls, then those controls shall be implemented.)


Hazardous materials have contributed to the number of incidents in the construction and maintenance industries. They are generally associated with uncontrolled releases and have the potential to affect a wide area around the incident (e.g. gases can travel significant distances). It is therefore necessary to ensure that equipment, processes, and behaviours are developed and adopted that will manage the risk associated with these materials. The causes and contributing factors to these incidents have been:

1. At-risk maintenance activities.

2. Lack of understanding of chemical properties and reactions.

3. At-risk manual handling activities.

4. Insufficient management of risk.

5. Equipment failure.

6. Insufficient primary and secondary containment systems.

2.3 DEFINITIONS

HAZOP stands for HAZard and OPerability study.

HAZID stands for HAZard Identification.

MSDS stands for Material Safety Data Sheet.

HAZCHEM stands for HAZardous CHEMical.

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ALARP stands for As Low As Reasonably Practicable.

HAZMAT stands for HAZardous MATaterials

2.4 DEPLOYMENT



2.4.1 FACILITIES, PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

1. Provisions shall be made for the safe venting, drainage and containment of hazardous materials, where required by normal operations, maintenance and repair activities, and emergency situations. These provisions should be based on a formal risk assessment process, such as HAZOP or HAZID studies, and take into consideration any applicable environmental legislation.

2. For toxic gas release, an adequate model of dispersion shall be available for credible scenarios, in order to determine the zone of exclusion and adequate containment area for impacted personnel.

3. Labelling shall be in place on all storage vessels, containers and tanks, as per appropriate local or applicable CSA standards. This labelling shall clearly identify the carried or stored material. Supporting information (e.g. material safety data sheets [MSDS]) shall also be readily available at the point of use and storage locations.

4. Piping containing hazardous substances shall be marked such that the contents and direction of flow of the piping can be identified.

5. Security and access control systems and hardware shall be in place, appropriate to the risk, to manage access to areas where hazardous materials are stored and used. These areas must also be designed for easy access for firefighting and emergency response efforts. Storage facilities must protect hazardous materials containers from physical damage due to factors such as, but not limited to, extreme temperatures, moisture, corrosive mist and vapours, and vehicles.

6. Fixed and personal detection devices shall be considered as options in the selection of potential risk reduction measures. These are the redesign and separation controls, and personal protective equipment as described in the Hierarchy of Controls.

2.4.2 PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENTS

1. The requirements of relevant OH&S legislation, regulations, standards and industry codes of practice shall be applied.

2. A program must be in place to assess safer alternatives to current hazardous materials based on risk assessment and also consider product and process reformulation/redesign actions where technically feasible.

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3. Optimization practices must be designed to minimize the inventory of hazardous materials to necessary amounts for justifiable use.

4. A risk management process shall be in place for all hazardous materials to identify:

a) the selection criteria and lifecycle analysis for all hazardous materials, including the means of disposal.

b) the level of risk associated with the hazardous materials.

c) controls required to manage the risk to levels that are ALARP.

d) the performance requirements (reliabilities and capacities) of specific equipment and systems included in these controls.

5. All facilities which have high levels of risk from hazardous substances shall provide an emergency response plan which includes:

a) means of escape in an emergency situation.

b) emergency response teams appropriate to the risk.

c) appropriate number and location of safe refuge and assembly areas for people.

d) emergency response equipment for spillage containment, fires, explosions, burns, etc.

e) appropriate response arrangements with external medical providers (e.g. ambulance, hospitals, fire brigade etc).

f) emergency response procedures appropriate to the risk; and theoretical and practical training of involved personnel.

g) recovery procedure and disposal of the hazardous material.

6. A system shall be in place whereby the introduction and disposal of hazardous materials, including empty containers, shall be approved by the site Hazardous Materials Co-coordinator (refer to requirement number 2.4.3.1 of this protocol) prior to introduction or disposal.

7. A site register shall be in place for all hazardous materials, and includes:

a) name;

b) HAZCHEM/United Nations code;

c) MSDS;

d) summary of maximum inventory;

e) storage requirements and precautions;

f) location, physical properties of the materials, where they are used; and

g) approved disposal methods.

8. A system shall be in place to ensure that MSDS are readily available to all personnel (employees, contractors and other affected parties such as first aiders and medical personnel) involved in

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the transportation, storage, handling, use and disposal of hazardous materials and be in the language commonly used at the site.

9. A system shall be in place to ensure that all relevant design documents and drawings associated with this protocol are up-to-date, controlled and available.

10. Critical activities involving hazardous material, which have the potential for immediate or long-term harm, shall be identified and safe operating procedures and training documented, including selection, transportation, storage, handling, and use and disposal of incompatible hazardous substances.

11. Monitoring systems for hazardous materials shall be in place to ensure that the status of process operations is understood and shown clearly at all times. These systems shall include the procedure for a documented hand-over between shifts that records any relevant information/changes in operating status.

12. A permit to work system shall be in place to ensure proper decontamination of land, facilities, and equipment, isolation, use of the correct personal protective equipment, and any special requirements or precautions (e.g. requirements for venting, clearing of piping or when using open flames) where the occupational exposure limit of a hazardous substance could be exceeded.

13. Documented emergency response plans for incidents involving hazardous materials shall be in place, reviewed, revised (if necessary) tested annually. This shall include external support services such as local ambulance and hospitals as appropriate to the risk.

14. A system shall be in place to authorize and control the training of appropriate personnel in normal transportation, storage handling, use and disposal of, and emergency response procedures for hazardous materials.

15. A system shall be in place to monitor short and long-term exposure of personnel to hazardous materials, whenever there is the potential for immediate or long-term harm. This system shall ensure that fatality potential is also addressed.

16. Procedures shall be in place for transporting hazardous materials. Where required, a hazardous material manifest and supporting documentation shall be completed and shipped with the hazardous material. This documentation shall comply with local legislation and be readily available to be audited by SNC-Lavalin.


1. The role of a site Hazardous Materials Coordinator shall be required at sites where hazardous materials are processed, stored and handled. This person shall be competent to understand and evaluate the risks associated with hazardous materials. The individual shall be responsible for assessing the hazardous properties and authorizing the use of hazardous materials on site, as well as dictating any required controls to be implemented prior to use.

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2. A competency based training program shall be in place for operations, maintenance and emergency response roles involving hazardous materials.

3. Behaviour based observations shall include the operation of equipment and systems handling hazardous materials.

2.4.4 SAFETY IN DESIGN

1. The design of a facility or process, permanent or temporary, which transports, produces, stores, uses or disposes of hazardous materials shall be reviewed, amended as necessary and documented utilising adequate risk analysis methods and tool. As-built design drawings (e.g. process and instrumentation diagrams, process flow diagrams, layout drawings, isometrics, etc.) shall be updated as a result of these reviews.

2. All specifications for the design and/or modification of hazardous materials facilities shall be subject to a risk analysis that includes hazardous materials selection, transport, production, storage, handling, use and disposal. Previous incidents should be reviewed to ensure risk is as low as reasonably practicable (ALARP). Identified hazardous situations and associated risks will be recorded in the Project HSE Risk Register using Risk Management Tool.

3. Process control systems shall ensure that the potential for personnel to be exposed to hazardous materials is eliminated wherever possible or reduced to ALARP.

4. Automatic project control systems should be in place in hazardous material facilities to eliminate the need for operator intervention and maintain operation within the required parameters. Such systems shall incorporate fail to safe systems in the event of emergencies. Where automatic control is not practicable, risk assessment shall be used to identify and implement operational options that reduce health, safety and environment risks to ALARP.

5. A system shall be in place to identify and document the selection, use, maintenance, inspection, testing schedules and procedures for critical equipment associated with hazardous materials.

6. A system shall be in place for the management of change of equipment and/or processes for selection, transportation, storage, handling use and disposal and shall include specific steps to assess the impact of changes on the risk associated with hazardous materials.

7. Safe operating limits for equipment handling hazardous materials, which have the potential for immediate or long-term harm, shall be clearly defined, documented and available to operations and maintenance personnel.

8. A system shall be in place to control simultaneous operations involving hazardous materials to avoid mixing of incompatible materials.

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PRotoCol 3 eQUiPMent sAfeGUARDinG

3.1 INTENT

To eliminate the risk of fatalities, and injuries when there is potential for human interaction with moving parts of potential energy releases of machines and equipment.

3.2 APPROACH

This protocol applies to the safeguarding of people from moving parts, mobile machines, equipment and power tools, including moving equipment, high pressure equipment and applications, electrical, other energy sources with the potential to move, and objects falling or projected from moving parts.

This protocol applies to all SNC-Lavalin controlled sites and activities, and to all SNC-Lavalin employees, contractors and visitors when interfacing with equipment. (Note: if client or local legislation requires more stringent controls, then those controls shall be implemented).


A number of high potential incidents have been associated with the inadequate and inappropriate safeguarding of equipment. The causes and contributing factors to these incidents have been:

1. Absent, inadequate or ineffective guarding in place.

2. Working alongside unguarded moving parts.

3. No process assessment to identify guarding needs.

4. Struck by objects projected from moving parts.

5. Struck by equipment mobilized by high pressure equipment (e.g. hydraulics, compressed air).

6. Working on moving parts with guarding removed.

7. Lack of guarding interlocks on potential/high equipment.

3.3 DEFINITIONS

N/A

3.4 DEPLOYMENT



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3.4.1 PROJECT AND EQUIPMENT REQUIREMENTS

1. Designers and purchasers of new equipment shall consider all energy sources and ensure that they are designed to eliminate the need for guarding where practicable. Safeguarding shall be selected where other potential mitigation measures do not adequately protect personnel.

2. Equipment safeguards shall be designed and constructed to comply with applicable legislation, CSA standards, codes of practice and relevant recognized leading industry practices and considering maintainability and operability.

3. Prior to allowing personnel into an operational or construction environment, a formal evaluation shall be made to ensure the integrity of equipment safeguarding.

4. Where safeguarding and interlock systems are insufficient to protect people, access to equipment shall be controlled and monitored.

5. Fail-to-safe/deadman switches or devices shall be installed on all manually operated rotating equipment and power hand tools (e.g. saws, lathes, drill presses, etc.).

6. Guards shall only be removed for maintenance and repair after equipment has been isolated, locked out and tested in line with Protocol 4 De-Energization, Isolation, Lock-Out and Tagging. Where the temporary removal of safeguards is necessary on operating equipment, for the purposes of fault finding, testing and commissioning, a risk-based procedure shall be in place. Guards shall be replaced prior to equipment being put back into operation.


1. The requirements of relevant OH&S legislation, regulations, standards and industry codes of practice shall be met.

2. A documented assessment process shall be used to identify where safeguarding is required on equipment and to identify safeguarding hazards that require interlock systems as an additional control where required.

3. No guarding shall be modified or altered except through the application of a risk-based change management process and if applicable, sign-off by a professional engineer.


1. People likely to come into contact with high-energy moving and rotating parts, shall be required to have competency based training including what the risks are, what the controls are, emergency management and incident response procedures and where to get further information, if required.

2. A training system that includes the requirements of this protocol shall be in place for relevant personnel involved in the design, purchase, construction, operation and maintenance of equipment.

3. Only appropriately competent people are allowed to work with high-energy moving and rotating parts and they must be instructed and supervised by appropriately competent people.

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PRotoCol 4 De-eneRGiZAtion, isolAtion, loCK-oUt AnD tAGGinG

4.1 INTENT

To eliminate or minimize the risk of fatalities, injuries and incidents arising from the uncontrolled and unexpected release of energy or hazardous materials.

4.2 APPROACH

This protocol applies to the isolation of all sources of energy (electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, chemical, gravitational, pneumatic, kinetic, stored energy, etc.).

This protocol applies to all SNC-Lavalin controlled sites and activities, and to all SNC-Lavalin employees, contractors and visitors when working with all potential sources of energy. (Note: if client or local legislation requires more stringent controls, then those controls shall be implemented).


Failing to lock out an energy source can create an immediately dangerous to life and health situation. A high portion of energy related incidents are caused by inadequate or improper isolation of the energy sources. The causes and contributing factors to these incidents have been:

1. Failure to identify or recognize a source of potential or stored energy.

2. Inadequate training or competence.

3. Inadequate lock-out/tag-out systems.

4. Complacency.

5. Working on, or isolation of the wrong equipment.

6. Inadequate design/maintenance of isolators.

4.3 DEFINITIONS

Asystemorisolationtagisatag applied to an isolation point by the person who is responsible to ensure isolation requirements for the task have been met and is a tag that when applied prohibits all use, operation or start-up of equipment.

Routine work is work that does not require a permit and is covered by a procedure, work instruction or checklist.

Non-routine work is any activity that is outside regular operation of the construction site or a site which we may be operating. Non-routine work can involve an activity where more than one energy source has to be isolated.

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Agroup isolation is achieved when there is a single common isolation point that isolates more than one unit of equipment.

Amultiple isolation is a single isolation point that is locked and / or tagged by more than one person.

Ashort-term isolation is an isolation in place for one shift period or less.

Along-term isolation is an isolation in place for more than one shift period.

Software overrides are those that either electronically set and hold a device or electronically defeat an output action for emergency and safety shutdown systems. Their functions are electronically initiated and applied to control rather than power circuits.

Personal locking device is one that is provided to an individual for the purpose of their own protection. It is not to be used by others, and can only be removed by the owner. The only exception is the site master key that can be used by the construction manager or his/her designate, or the manager in charge of the facility we are operating.

Personal danger tag is a tag personally applied by the individual prior to commencing work on isolated equipment. The individual who placed the personal danger tag on the isolated piece of equipment is the only person who can remove the tag. The only exception for removal of the tag by others is when the construction manager or his/her designate, who after ensuring the individual has left the site or facility we are operating, has given approval.

4.4 DEPLOYMENT




1. Purchase and design of equipment (including hired and contracted equipment) shall be given due consideration to meeting the requirements of this protocol.

2. Isolation shall provide positive protection and be achieved by the use of locking devices or the establishment of a physical barrier or separation. All separations or physical barriers shall be provided with either a permanent or temporarily fitted locking device.

3. Personal locking devices shall:

a) be uniquely keyed.

b) not be combination locks.

c) not have an unauthorized second-party master override key.

d) be kept under the exclusive control of the owning individual, and key(s) shall not be transferred to another person for lock removal.

4. Designated isolation points shall be clearly labelled at all times to identify the circuit or system

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over which they have direct control. These labels shall be applied following a process of preisolation identification using isolation lists, load verification, marked drawings etc. (where permanently applied, these labels shall be physically verified prior to the isolation).

5. Lockout boxes, stations or equivalent shall be provided where required.

6. All designated isolation points fitted with personal locking devices shall be tagged. The isolation tagging system shall ensure that:

a) isolation points are positively identified, including the name of the person locking out.

b) the reason for the isolation is clearly identified.

c) the date and time the tag was applied.

d) isolation tags are highly visible to prevent inadvertent operation.


1. The requirements of relevant OH&S legislation, regulations, standards and industry codes of practice shall be followed.

2. All sites shall have a documented isolation lock-out and tag-out system. An overall site specific isolation and lock-out procedure shall be in place, and include:

a) definitions of appropriate treatment for routine isolations (e.g. maintenance activities for construction equipment).

b) non-routine isolations (construction activities).

c) group, master and/or multiple isolations.

d) short-term isolations and long-term isolations (mothballing procedures are only required prior to such activity).

3. No work can be done on any equipment or system until it has been established that it is in a zero energy state (ZES), unless involved in commissioning or troubleshooting. If it is not possible to establish a ZES on electrical systems, then the working live requirements of CSA Z462 must be followed.

4. The isolation system shall be applied to all activities on site, including contractor activities (e.g. construction, commissioning, operation of fixed/permanent equipment where applicable, operation, maintenance, return to service, emergency, modification or demolition of equipment).

5. The isolation procedure should determine the appropriate isolation method for any activity, either by way of a full description for specific cases, or by demonstrating the process that shall be followed to achieve the appropriate level of isolation in new activities. This shall include, but not limited to:

a) the role of work instructions, checklists, tagging requirements and the permit to work system.

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b) a positive registration process for people working on isolated equipment (personal tag, log sheet etc.).

c) changed requirements associated with the duration of the isolation and tasks, or when tasks take longer than planned to complete.

d) energy sources to be isolated (hazardous materials, mechanical, electrical, etc.).

e) the physical state of the energy sources such as their phase (liquid, solid, vapour, etc.) and other characteristics (e.g. pressure, temperature, voltage, etc.).

f) controls required for the duration of the activity (temporary changes, emergency procedures, personal protective equipment, etc.).

g) the requirements for formal contact with representatives in charge of each facility area affected, and the process for granting written authorization to proceed.

h) special precautions when isolations cover one or more shift changeovers.

6. Prior to relying on an isolation to supply a safe working environment documented test procedures shall be provided to verify isolation integrity including, but not limited to, the following principles:

a) identification of all energy sources or hazardous materials directly and indirectly associated with the work to be performed.

b) confirmation of those systems requiring isolation.

c) notification of affected employees.

d) isolating the confirmed energy or hazardous material sources.

e) application of lock/tag.

f) application of isolation tag.

g) trying/testing of all systems and non-redundant isolations when reasonably or feasibly possible (to verify the integrity of the isolation and ensure a zero energy state exists), and restart procedures.

7. A formal procedure shall be in place for controlling clearances to work for the:

a) isolation and de-isolation of equipment.

b) handover and hand back of equipment between operation, and maintenance.

c) transfer of isolations between shifts or different workgroups.

8. Specific procedures shall be developed to address software overrides.

9. A procedure for testing and positioning during maintenance and set-up.

10. A procedure shall be in place to mitigate hazards in special cases where any one of the following is not achievable:

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a) a zero energy state.

b) a test/try of isolation is not possible.

c) use of a locking device is not feasible.

11. Formal isolation procedures shall include requirements for investigation, reporting and removal of personal locks/tags by an authorized person other than the originator.

12. The isolation system shall be regularly reviewed and audited to capture any previously unidentified changes and revised when necessary.


1. Roles and responsibilities for electrical, mechanical, or process isolation management shall be defined.

2. A competency based training system and field assessment shall be in place to approve personnel before they conduct isolation processes.

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PRotoCol 5 WoRKinG At HeiGHts

5.1 INTENT

To eliminate or minimize the risk of fatalities, injuries and incidents arising from working at heights.

5.2 APPROACH

This protocol applies wherever there is potential for any person to fall 1.8 metres or more, or to gain access to within 1.8 meters of an open edge from where there is the potential to fall 1.8 metres or more, including working from various forms of portable and moveable elevated work platforms, cages, ladders, scaffolding and where objects could fall and cause injuries. Risk assessment may identify high potential fall hazards when working at heights of less than 1.8 metres in which case this protocol shall be applied. (Note: if client or local legislation requires more stringent controls, then those controls shall be implemented). This protocol does not apply to rope rescue situations and rappelling that are regarded as specialist functions.

This protocol applies to all SNC-Lavalin controlled sites and activities, and to all SNC-Lavalin employees, contractors and visitors when involved in work at heights.


Falls from heights have contributed to a significant proportion of our fatal and high potential incidents. The causes and contributing factors to these incidents have been:

1. Failing to wear a harness.

2. Lack of job planning and job assessment.

3. Wearing the wrong type of harness.

4. Unstable set-up of elevated work platforms.

5. Wearing the harness incorrectly.

6. Unguarded or unbarricaded hole, edges, voids, excavations or walkways.

7. Absent or insufficient training.

5.3 DEFINITIONS

Fall prevention means the design and use of a fall prevention system such that no exposure to an elevated fall hazard occurs. This may require more than one fall prevention system or a combination of prevention or protection measures.

Fall restraint means an approved device and any necessary components that function together to restrain a person in such a manner as to prevent that person from falling to a lower level.

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Fall arrest system means the use of multiple, approved safety equipment components such as body harnesses, lanyards, deceleration devices, drop lines, horizontal and/or vertical lifelines and anchorages, interconnected and rigged, as to arrest a free fall.

Fixed lanyard is a line used as part of a lanyard assembly to connect a harness to an anchorage point or a static line in situations where there is risk of a fall.

Inertia reel (also known as a self-retracting lanyard or fall-arrest block) is a mechanical device that arrests a fall by locking onto a drop line and at the same time allows freedom of movement.

Suspension trauma is the effect that can occur when a persons legs are immobile in an upright posture for a prolonged period, after an arrested fall with a fall-arrest system. The person is suspended and caught in an upright, vertical position and the harness straps cause pressure on the leg veins. The blood flow to the heart is reduced, resulting in fainting, restriction of movement or loss of consciousness. This may lead to renal failure and eventually death, depending on a persons susceptibility. The condition may be worsened by heat and dehydration.

Barricading is defined as a physical barrier that prevents inadvertent access to an area (e.g. handrails, access doors and gates or similar installations, temporary or permanent). Barrier tape does not qualify as barricading.

Demarcation is defined as any method that indicates that an area is used for a specific purpose or that access is restricted. Examples are barrier tape, painted lines on floor surfaces, portable signs denoting drop zones or no access past a specific point.

5.4 DEPLOYMENT



5.4.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1. The requirements of relevant OH&S legislation, regulations, standards and industry codes of practice shall be followed.

2. The risk of fall shall be eliminated where reasonably practicable utilizing the Hierarchy of Controls.

3. Fall restraint and arrest systems shall be the consideration when it is not practicable to install fall prevention systems.

4. Standard work procedures shall be in place for the correct wearing and use of personal fall arrest and fall restraint equipment.

5. All personnel who are at risk of falling over 1.8 metres or have an unusual risk of injury at a lower height shall wear a safety harness with a shock-absorbing lanyard, unless the shock absorber will allow the worker to hit the ground or equipment below. The lanyard must be attached to a secure anchorage at all times while the person is in an exposed position. This may necessitate

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the use of two lanyards so that one can be attached while the second is being moved to the next anchorage (facilitating 100% tie-off).

6. A self-retracting life-line (SRL) may be used in place of a shock-absorbing lanyard if used in accordance with manufacturer specifications.

7. Due to the detrimental effect on their safe working capacity, lanyards must not be hooked back onto themselves, unless specifically designed to do so.

8. All safety harnesses, lanyards, attachment slings and devices shall be inspected monthly in accordance with the manufacturers recommendations and a record maintained of such inspections. Any harness found to be defective shall be tagged do not use and/or destroyed immediately.

9. Personnel using fall protection equipment shall visually inspect their safety harnesses and lanyards prior to use.

10. Personally owed fall protection equipment is not preferred for use on any project; however, under special circumstances it will be considered on a case-by-case basis, at the discretion of SNC-LAVALIN Safety Management. All personally owed fall protection equipment, if approved for usage on the project, must follow the same inspection requirements as defined for the project equipment.

11. All floor openings shall be protected by secure covers capable of supporting a point load in any part of the cover, or shall be fully barricaded is any fall hazard exists. Covers must be labelled accordingly.

12. A documented risk assessment shall be conducted before the commencement of work at height and at any time the scope of work changes or the risk of a fall increases. The risk assessments shall include:

a) consideration for the potential of objects, as well as personnel, to fall.

b) selection of appropriate control measures using the Hierarchy of Controls.

c) the possibility for weather and other environmental conditions to influence the working conditions (e.g. wind, rain, snow, dust, gases, poor lighting, temperature, etc.).

d) selection of appropriate equipment.

e) selection of anchor and tie off points.

f) condition of supporting structures such as roofs.

g) selection of appropriate barricading and / or demarcation.

h) fall clearances (e.g. length of lanyard + tear-out distance + height of user + safety margin).

i) selection of first-man-up systems.

13. All fall protection and rescue equipment shall be fit-for-purpose and undergo pre-use checks. A documented inspection shall be completed by a competent authorized person once every six months (biannually) at a minimum. An equipment register and tagging system shall be in place

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to indicate compliance with this inspection. Testing shall be done in accordance with the intent and requirements of the applicable CSA standards.

14. Where the work method requires persons to detach and re-attach at height, a dual lanyard system (100% tie-off) shall be utilized to ensure that at least one connection point is maintained at all times.

15. Where the use of personal fall arrest equipment is required, a person shall not work alone and there shall be other personnel in the vicinity that can raise the alarm immediately should emergency assistance be required.

16. The written site emergency response plan(s) shall include plans for the rapid retrieval of personnel in the event of a fall from height (e.g. response time is critical if a person is to avoid suspension trauma).

17. A system should be in place to prevent tools, materials and other objects from falling from height.

18. An assessment of the possibility of falling objects must be completed and appropriate controls be put into place. Controls may include, but are not limited to barricading, warning signs, tethering tools, snow fence.

19. There shall be processes implemented to ensure that:

a) anchors are designed, installed and maintained for appropriate load capacities and certified by a professional engineer.

b) inspection and maintenance of fall protection equipment occurs on a regularly scheduled basis.

c) removal from and return to service if fall arrest equipment has been subjected to any loads.

d) a written JSA is completed when working more than 7.5 m above ground.

e) appropriate permission is granted from the relevant authority in high risk situations.

f) cranes and hoists used to suspend work platforms operate at appropriate load capacities and in a safe manner.


1. All working at heights equipment shall comply and be used in accordance with the intent and requirements of the relevant approved CSA design standards and manufacturers specifications.

2. Where there is potential to fall more than 1.8 metres, personnel shall use appropriate personal fall protection equipment. The use of body belts for fall arrest is prohibited, except for specialized tasks such as pole-climbing belts worn by specially trained linesmen.

3. Where there is potential to fall into dangerous or unprotected areas, access shall be restricted and assessed with appropriate controls put into place.

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4. Single person anchor points shall be capable of withstanding 18kN (approximately 4000 lbf). Where it is not practical to install dedicated anchor points (e.g. ad hoc work), anchor points capable of withstanding the required loads shall be identified through a risk assessment process and shall be approved by a competent person prior to commencement of work. Lifelines shall be tagged to indicate that they have been designed and approved by a competent person. Stamped engineered drawings and inspection schedule are required for all horizontal lifelines prior to use.

5. Where personnel are required to work within 1.8 metres (6 feet) of an opening or leading edge where they could fall to another level, they shall use personal fall restraint equipment, such as a fixed lanyard and harness as a minimum, which will prevent them from falling over the edge.

6. Where operators need to gain access to places at height on large mobile machinery regularly (e.g. to clean windscreens or filters), then access ways should be provided. These access ways shall have handrails. Where handrails cannot be installed, then fall restraint, fall arrest equipment, or other solution shall be implemented dependant on the outcome of a risk assessment of each situation.

7. If work is to be done on a surface not designed for normal/regular access, an assessment should be completed to ensure that the surface can support the employees and work equipment, considering such factors as stability and load rating (e.g. ductwork, roof).

5.4.2.1 ELEVATING WORK PLATFORMS (EWP)

8. Personnel operating elevated work platforms and cages shall be trained and certified for the specific equipment they are using.

9. All forms of portable and movable elevated work platforms and suspended work cages shall conform to the intent and requirements of the relevant approved CSA design standards. People in the work platform basket shall wear a correctly fitted harness attached by a lanyard to a suitable anchor point in the basket.

10. The following controls are required for the use of EWPs:

a) EWP to have appropriate warning devices.

b) all warning labels and stickers must be clearly visible.

c) there must be a documented inspection prior to use. The EWP should not be used if any deficiencies are identified that adversely affect the safe operation of the equipment.

d) a signaller must be utilized while travelling in congested areas.

e) an exclusion zone must be set up around the machine while in use.

f) a harness and lanyard attached to the manufacturers installed anchor point at all times, when inside the basket.

g) no working alone. A ground person must be in within proximity, enabling visible and audible contact with the employee in EWP. The ground person must be trained to lower the EWP in the event of an emergency situation.

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h) the EWP has been selected for the job so that workers are not required to stand on the mid or top rails of the platform.

5.4.2.2 LADDERS

1. Ladders and associated components must meet the intent and requirements of the applicable CSA standard.

2. The following controls are required for the use of ladders:

a) ladders must be inspected each time before use and apply appropriate corrective/preventive action, as required.

b) inspections and tagging of portable ladders must be conducted quarterly, at a minimum.

c) the stability of any portable ladder must be ensured prior to use. All ladders shall be placed on firm and level surfaces.

d) all extension ladders shall extend a minimum of 1 metre above the landing/step-off area.

e) only short-duration and limited-complexity tasks are allowed to be performed off ladders. Ladders are not work platforms and should not be used as such.

f) step-ladders must be fully opened and hinges locked into place, prior to use.

g) extension-ladders should be tied at the top and bottom and maintained at a 1-to-4 ratio, when in use.

h) the centre of gravity (belt buckle) of the person using the ladder must remain between the side-rails at all times.

i) no side-loading or exerting or sideways forces while utilizing a portable ladder (e.g. cable pulling, drilling).

j) if work is performed while standing on a ladder and the possible fall distance is more than 1.8 meters and 3-point contact cannot be maintained, a fall-arrest system should be used. The employee must not work alone.

k) additional controls must be applied when using ladders near hand-rails or stairwells.

5.4.2.3 SCAFFOLDING

The following controls are required for the use of scaffolds:

1. All scaffolding shall be erected on firm and level surfaces.

2. Wherever practical, scaffold stairs should be used to provide access to the various areas. Exterior vertical ladders shall not be used on scaffolding over 15 metres in height.

3. Only qualified persons are to erect, dismantle, or modify scaffolds.

4. A 3-tag scaffold access/inspection system must be utilized (green, yellow, red).

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5. To ensure a 3-point contact is maintained, and to reduce the possibility of falling objects, lifting/nose bags must be used to transport materials between elevations whenever possible.

6. To minimize falling material and debris, scaffolds must be thoroughly cleaned prior to dismantling.

7. Stamped engineered drawings must be available at the worksite during installation, disassembly and use of a work platform, where required.

8. Safe working load limits for platforms shall be clearly marked at the work platform.

9. All scaffolds, which are more than twice the height of the base width, shall be secured to a fixed structure or employ outriggers to prevent tipping.

10. All scaffold sections shall be pinned together to prevent separation. Pinning shall comply with manufacturers instructions.

11. Lumber used in scaffolding is of appropriate grade and marked.

12. Limits of approach are maintained when scaffolding is required near electrical lines, bus bars, or exposed electrical services.

13. Scaffolding is effectively grounded when there is a possibility of electrical contact.

14. Where there is a possibility of contact with vehicles or equipment, scaffolding must be sufficiently protected (e.g. jersey barriers).

15. A work platform must be removed from service if subjected to a sudden drop, electrically energized, or showing signs of structural or mechanical damage or wear, and not returned to service until certified as safe by a professional engineer.


1. All persons engaged in the erection, dismantling or inspection of scaffolds shall complete a competency-based exam, to confirm their knowledge and understanding of these activities. All persons who work on scaffolds shall receive training to ensure the recognition of scaffolding hazards that may affect them.

2. A competency based training program for employees and supervisors shall be in place, which includes provisions for maintaining competence. All persons engaged in work covered by this protocol shall be adequately trained and assessed for competency.

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PRotoCol 6 liftinG oPeRAtions

6.1 INTENT

To eliminate or minimize the risk of fatalities, injuries and incidents arising from the performance of lifting operations.

6.2 APPROACH

This protocol applies wherever lifting operations are undertaken. It includes lifts involving SNC-Lavalin owned, hired or contracted cranes such as mobile, crawler, tower, derrick, portal and pedestal-type, vehicle loading cranes, electric overhead traveling cranes, and monorail cranes. The protocol also applies to lifting accessories including slings, chains, wire ropes, shackles, padeyes, containers, baskets, tuggers, winches, man-riding winches, work and personnel transfer baskets.

In addition to the manufacturers standard safety features, the intent and requirements of the applicable CSA standards and local statutory requirements, the following minimum safety features shall be included as indicated.

This protocol applies to all SNC-Lavalin controlled sites and activities, and to all SNC-Lavalin employees, contractors and visitors when involved in lifting operations. (Note: if client or local legislation requires more stringent controls, then those controls shall be implemented).


A significant proportion of workplace fatal and high potential incidents have occurred in the course of lifting and crane operations. Identified causes and contributing factors include:

1. Lack of job planning and hazard assessment.

2. Incorrect selection of cranes and lifting equipment for the task.

3. Inadequate knowledge of lifting operations by personnel involved.

4. Inadequate inspection, maintenance, tagging and storage of lifting equipment and accessories.

5. Lack of training in correct use of lifting equipment and accessories.

6. Lack of competence in lifting operations.

7. Incorrect use of cranes and lifting equipment, including poor practices such as side loading, over loading and over reaching.

8. Poor recognition of unsafe conditions, including environmental conditions.

9. Operation of cranes and lifting equipment with safety and warning devices overridden, inoperable or illegible.

10. Incorrect design of cranes and lifting equipment.

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6.3 DEFINITIONS

Crane refers to a mechanical structure used for lifting weight

Criticalliftreferstoany:

a) tandem lifts by cranes/lifting equipment.

b) lift over operating facilities/equipment.

c) lift where the lifting equipment is within 80% of its rated capacity.

d) lift involving special equipment or rigging (e.g. multi-level rigging, the use of more than 3 spreader bars, cargo nets etc.).

Lifting equipment refers to tools, tuggers, and pieces of equipment used for lifting weight.

Lifting operation means any operation using a crane and lifting equipment that involves the raising and lowering of a load, including the suspension of a load.

Lifting accessories refers to any device which is used or designed to be used directly or indirectly to connect a load to a crane and which does not form part of a load, (e.g. wire rope slings, chain slings, synthetic fibre slings, hooks and fittings, swivels, shackles, eye bolts, rigging screws, wedge sockets, plate clamps and lifting beams).

Engineered Lift Study refers to a document which sets out lift calculations, and which is stamped by a registered professional engineer.

External rated capacity lighting refers to clearly visible green, amber and red lights mounted externally.

6.4 DEPLOYMENT




1. All electrical cranes shall have power supply isolation points capable of being positively locked.

2. Cranes shall be ergonomically acceptable to the site and have fall protection systems provided for their operation, maintenance and inspection.

3. Cranes without a physical locking system that disables and isolates its free-fall capability, shall not be used.

4. Electric overhead traveling and portal cranes shall have overload protection.

5. Crane cabins should be air-conditioned or heated in accordance with environmental conditions.

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6. All crane hooks shall be fitted with a positive locking safety catch.

7. The safe working load (SWL) or working load limit (WLL) shall be clearly identified and marked on all cranes, lifting accessories and relevant lifting equipment and shall not be exceeded.

8. Load cells, load moment indicators and external rated capacity lighting shall be available in accordance with the table below.

9. All cranes and lifting equipment, and lifting accessories shall comply with the intent and requirements of the relevant approved CSA design standard. In countries where the requirements of the relevant national standard exceed the requirements of the CSA standard, the national standard shall apply.

10. All cranes lifting equipment and accessories that are subject to periodic inspection shall be identifiable with a unique identity code or number.

11. A competent person shall determine the maximum environmental conditions under which cranes and lifting equipment can be safely used. Except in the event of an emergency, cranes and lifting equipment shall not be put into service if the maximum environmental conditions are exceeded. Risks shall be assessed and appropriately controlled in emergency situations.

12. Items of lifting equipment that are subject to wear and frequent replacement (e.g. slings, shackles, padeyes, shipping and handling baskets) or used to transport equipment to and from sites, shall be colour coded to confirm compliance with certification and inspection requirements.


1. The requirements of relevant OH&S legislation, regulations, standards and industry codes of practice must be followed.

Crane type load Moment indicator

load Cell external Rated Capacity lighting

Mobile Rough Terrain Shall Shall Shall

Mobile Rough Terrain Shall Shall Shall

Mobile Truck Mounted Shall Shall Shall

Crawler Shall Shall Shall

Pedestal and Tower Shall Shall Should

Electric Overhead Travelling Not Applicable Should Should

Mobile Pick and Carry >10Tonne

Should Should Should

Vehicle Loading Crane Should Should Should

Portal Not Applicable Should Should

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2. A formal documented selection and acceptance process shall be in place for all new (to site) and modified lifting equipment, taking into account the cranes various safety features and cabin ergonomics, prior to commencement of work.

3. Manufacturers crane and lifting equipment operating manuals and load charts shall be available to the crane and lifting equipment operators. These should be in the language of the country in which the lifting equipment is being used.

4. Where the crane and lifting equipment operator is not conversant with the language of the country, provisions shall be made to ensure that the operators can understand the operating manuals and load charts.

5. A procedure shall be in place to address:

a) critical lifting operations.

b) lifting operations when the arcs of operation of two or more cranes can overlap*.

c) multiple crane lifting operations*.

d) the danger to lifting operations when adverse weather conditions are present or imminent (e.g. electrical storm, high winds and sea state).

e) people safety when cranes and lifting equipment are operating in the proximity of live electrical conductors*.

f) lifting operations when lifting near or over unprotected, equipment or services.

g) the effective hand-over from one operator to another for cranes with complex boom, jib or tower configurations.

h) availability and use of check-lists for pre and post-operational inspections.

Detailed lifting plans are required for points above marked * and shall be approved by a competent supervisor. Pre-lift meetings shall be held prior to such lifts to ensure all personnel understand how it is to be executed.

6. Cranes shall not be used for lifting operations until crane operators have been given sufficient time to familiarize themselves with relevant aspects of the crane.

7. Risks associated with all lifting, crane maintenance, assembly activities and environmental conditions shall be assessed as part of the planning process. Barricading, warning signs or other means of ensuring personnel protection shall be in place during lifting operations and for those cranes left unattended in wind vane mode.

8. There shall be no side loading of crane booms.

9. With the exception of pick and carry operations, all lifting shall be carried out with outriggers deployed and locked.

10. Controls shall be in place to prevent objects from falling from above.

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11. The lifting of personnel with cranes shall only be carried out using approved workbaskets or cages. Cranes used for this purpose shall be approved as suitable for man-riding operations. A recovery plan should be in place before personnel are lifted. Prior to lifting, any personnel in an approved basket with a crane, a load test shall be completed and observed with sign-off by designated health and safety personnel and a competent crane/lifting specialist.

12. The elimination of the need to work under suspended loads shall be pursued. Where working under suspended loads is unavoidable, controls shall be in place to eliminate or minimize the risks to personnel.

13. Any modification to cranes and lifting equipment shall be subject to the original equipment manufacturers approval and to a rigorous change management process.

14. A preventive maintenance system should be in place to ensure that all cranes and lifting equipment and accessories are maintained and in a serviceable condition.

15. All cranes and lifting equipment shall be inspected and tested (including non-destructive testing as required by the intent and requirements of the applicable CSA standard) prior to being operated or put into service. After any repair and/or modification, cranes and lifting equipment shall be inspected (and non-destructively tested as required by the relevant standard) prior to being returned to service.

16. Certificate of conformity to be readily available at all times in the crane unit.

17. A system of periodic inspection shall be in place for all cranes, lifting equipment and accessories. Lifting equipment shall be visually inspected and confirmed fit for purpose prior to being put into service. Visual inspection of equipment and accessories by approved competent person should be performed on a regular basis (e.g. six monthly) unless regulations in the local area require examination more frequently.

18. A register of all lifting equipment and applicable accessories should be maintained and readily available at all times in the lifting unit. This should include:

a) the equipments unique identification number.

b) documentary evidence of all inspections.

c) certifications.

d) maintenance.

e) modifications and tests.

19. There shall be processes implemented to ensure that:

a) cranes and hoists are designed, constructed, erected, disassembled, inspected, maintained and operated in accordance with the manufacturers specifications or professional engineers specifications and the intent and requirements of the appropriate CSA standards.

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b) daily inspections are carried out on cranes, hoisting and rigging equipment by appropriately competent people and these are documented.

c) the crane or hoist and interchangeable rigging equipment have appropriate identification details.

d) the rated capacity is not exceeded and rating capacity indicated on superstructure.

e) the load charts are located on equipment where required.

f) the crane and hoist equipment conforms to the relevant OH&S legislation.

g) the manufacturers manual is always available.

h) the inspection and maintenance records are kept current and are available.

i) any modifications carried out on crane, hoist equipment and/or rigging are certified by a professional engineer.

j) safe means of ingress and egress.

k) appropriate calibrations of load weighing devices and moment indicators by manufacturer are conducted.

l) multiple crane lifts are conducted as appropriate.

m) workers are warned of lifts and suspended loads are not passed over workers wherever possible.

n) yellow or red barrier tape is used to barricade lift zone.

o) loads are never left suspended when unattended by operator.

p) nobody ever rides a load, slinging, hook or other rigging device.

q) emergency shut-off for electrically powered cranes is installed, tested and operational.

r) the crane operator receives direction of rigger/lift supervisor.

s) correct storage of hardware, slings and hooks is implemented to prevent inadvertent damage and exposure to the elements.

t) mobile cranes or boom trucks have appropriate load weight indicators and trim indicators.

u) appropriate safe modification and operation is considered for cranes on floating supports.

v) mobile crane/boom truck tire type, condition and inflation is in accordance with manufactures specifications.

w) appropriate load-bearing surfaces are used for mobile cranes and boom trucks.

x) safe travel is considered with loads.

y) the rigger undertakes required physical and load rating inspections of hardware, Slings, wire rope slings, hooks, alloy chain slings, synthetic webbing Slings, metal mesh Slings and below the hook lifting devices prior to lifting loads and process for removal from service if required and a log of such to be maintained.

z) the rigging or rigging assembly loads are not exceeded.

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aa) the safe detachment of loads is considered.

bb) the rigging design factors for rigging components are met.

cc) the appropriate use of hook safety latches and securing pins.

dd) the rigging and slinging devices as specified in of relevant OH&S legislation are installed.

ee) taglines are used wherever possible.

ff) slings are protected from sharp edges with softeners while in use.

gg) allowance is made for load rating reduction due to Slings operating at angles.

hh) an engineering lift study shall be completed prior to any critical lift.


1. Suitably qualified, certified and competent person(s) shall be involved in the planning, supervision and implementation of the lifting operations.

2. The roles and responsibilities for lifting operations shall be clearly defined.

3. A competency based training program for contractors, employees and supervisors shall be in place.

4. A competent inspector shall perform lifting equipment inspections. An approved examiner should assess the competency of the lifting and handling equipment inspector.

5. Appropriate crane, hoists and rigging awareness training for people likely to come into contact with loads being lifted, including what the risks are, what the controls are, emergency management and incident response procedures and where to get further information if required.

6. Crane operators and crew shall be able to communicate in a common language and to use the agreed to crane signals.

7. Sole crane operators shall also be trained in slinging practices.

8. A fit-for-work policy shall be in place, incorporating defined action levels for drugs and alcohol and a fatigue management plan.

9. Behaviour based observations shall be performed and any need for additional specific training shall incorporate the results of these observations.

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PRotoCol 7 ConfineD sPACe

7.1 INTENT

To eliminate the risk of fatalities and minimize the potential for injuries or incidents arising from entering or working in confined spaces.

7.2 APPROACH

This protocol applies to all spaces/areas which meet the SNC-Lavalin or prevailing legislated definitions for a confined or restricted space. Furthermore, these protocols apply to any space/area which may become a confined or restricted space as a result of work activities, conditions and/or location. As soon as it becomes apparent that a space or area is becoming a confined or restricted space, this protocol shall be applied completely. See section 7.3 in this protocol for the SNC-Lavalin confined and restricted space definitions. Refer to local Occupational Health and Safety legislation for definitions from prevailing legislation.

This protocol applies to all SNC-Lavalin controlled projects, worksites, activities, employees, contractors, consultants and visitors. (Note: if client or local legislation requires more stringent controls, then those controls shall be implemented.).


Confined or restricted spaces can lead to Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health (IDLH) situations. The most frequent reasons for confined or restricted space incidents include:

1. Failure to identify the confined or restricted space.

2. Lack of job planning and risk assessment.

3. Inadequate training or competence.

4. Failure to prevent unauthorized entry.

5. Failure to carry out appropriate and sufficient air monitoring.

6. Failure to wear appropriate respiratory protection.

7. Failure to properly wear and/or maintain breathing apparatus.

8. Failure to have/use/wear appropriate emergency rescue gear (lifeline, harness, emergency extraction equipment, etc.).

9. Failure to appoint a qualified watch person.

10. Failure to have a qualified rescue team prepared and capable to respond.

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7.3 DEFINITIONS

The definitions provided herein should not be considered a full and complete description of the subject topics. Persons must check the prevailing legislation to confirm whether additional definitions exist and are applicable in the place of work.

Confined space means an enclosed or partially enclosed space that:

Is not intended or designed for continuous human occupancy.

Has a limited or restricted means of access or egress.

Is large enough to be entered by a person to work.

At any time, contains, or is could contain, any of the following:

a) an atmosphere that has potentially harmful levels of a contaminant.

b) an atmosphere that does not have a safe oxygen level.

c) contains a material that could cause engulfment.

Examples of a confined space:

a) storage tanks, tank cars, process vessels, pressure vessels, boilers, silos and other tank-like compartments.

b) caissons, coffer dams, pylons, pits and shafts.

c) pipes, sewers, sewer pump stations including wet or dry wells, shafts and ducts.

d) shipboard spaces entered through small hatchways or access points, cargo tanks, cellular double bottom tanks, duct keels, ballast or oil tanks and void spaces.

Inerted space is one:

Where oxygen or fuel vapours are purged using an inert gas (e.g. nitrogen, carbon dioxide or argon) to remove the hazard of fire or explosion.

Where oxygen is displaced to ensure the concentration is too low to support combustion.

Restricted space is one:

Which is fully or partially enclosed.

That is not both designed and constructed for continuous human occ

Documents

6845.2.1.1-EN-Rev.5 Critical Risk Control Protocols.pdf