7
44 uko cukvks] uko cukvksA HkS;k esjs] tYnh vkvksAA og ns[kks] ikuh vk;k gS] f?kj&f?kj dj ckny Nk;k gS] lkr le q anj Hkj yk;k gS] rqe jl dk lkxj Hkj ykvksA HkS;k esjs] tYnh vkvksAA ikuh lpeqp [kwc iM + sxk] y ach&pkSM +h xyh Hkjsxk] ykdj ?kj esa unh /jsxk] ,sls esa rqe Hkh ygjkvksA HkS;k esjs] tYnh vkvksAA xqYyd Hkkjh] viuh [kksyks] gYdh esjh] ugha VVksyks] iSls u,&u, gh jksyks] 6 uko cukvks uko cukvks jksyks& yq<+dkvks 44 2020-21

666 uko cukvks uko cukvks - ncert.nic.inncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/dhhn106.pdf · ([k) D;k lpeqp ckfj'k osQ ckny leqnz ls ikuh ykrs gSa\ os bruk lkjk ikuh oSQls ykrs gksaxs\ vkil esa

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Page 1: 666 uko cukvks uko cukvks - ncert.nic.inncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/dhhn106.pdf · ([k) D;k lpeqp ckfj'k osQ ckny leqnz ls ikuh ykrs gSa\ os bruk lkjk ikuh oSQls ykrs gksaxs\ vkil esa

44

uko cukvks] uko cukvksAHkS;k esjs] tYnh vkvksAA

og ns[kks] ikuh vk;k gS]f?kj&f?kj dj ckny Nk;k gS]lkr leqa nj Hkj yk;k gS]

rqe jl dk lkxj Hkj ykvksAHkS;k esjs] tYnh vkvksAA

ikuh lpeqp [kwc iM+sxk]ya ch&pkSM+ h xyh Hkjsxk]ykdj ?kj esa unh /jsxk]

,sls esa rqe Hkh ygjkvksAHkS;k esjs] tYnh vkvksAA

xqYyd Hkkjh] viuh [kksyks]gYdh esjh] ugha VVksyks]iSls u,&u, gh jksyks]

66666 uko cukvks uko cukvks

jksyks& yq<+dkvks44

2020-21

Page 2: 666 uko cukvks uko cukvks - ncert.nic.inncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/dhhn106.pdf · ([k) D;k lpeqp ckfj'k osQ ckny leqnz ls ikuh ykrs gSa\ os bruk lkjk ikuh oSQls ykrs gksaxs\ vkil esa

45

fiQj ck”kkj yid rqe ykvksAHkS;k esjs] tYnh vkvksAA

ys vkvks dkxT+k pedhyk]yky&gjk ;k uhyk&ihyk]ja x&fcja xk [kwc ja xhyk]

oSaQph] pqVdh] gkFk pykvksAHkS;k esjs] tYnh vkvksAA

Ni&Ni dj owQM+ s ls vM+ rh]cw¡nksa&ygjksa yM+ rh&c< + rh]lc dh vk¡[kksa p< + rh&x< + rh

uko rSjk eq>dks g"kkZvksAHkS;k esjs] tYnh vkvksAA

D;k dgrs\ esjs D;k cl dk\D;ksa\ rc fiQj ;g fdlosQ cl dk\[kksV lHkh gS cl vkyl dk]

vkyl NksM+ks lc dj ikvksAHkS;k esjs] tYnh vkvksAA

gfjÑ".knkl xqIr

45

2020-21

Page 3: 666 uko cukvks uko cukvks - ncert.nic.inncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/dhhn106.pdf · ([k) D;k lpeqp ckfj'k osQ ckny leqnz ls ikuh ykrs gSa\ os bruk lkjk ikuh oSQls ykrs gksaxs\ vkil esa

46

dfork ls

D;k dgrs\ esjs D;k cl dk\

(d) HkS;k us D;k cgkuk fd;k\ D;ksa\------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------

cw¡nksa&ygjksa yM+rh&c<+rh

([k) dkSu cw¡nksa vkSj ygjksa ls yM+ rs gq, vkxs c<+ jgh gS\------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------

xqYyd Hkkjh] viuh [kksyksA

(x) fdldh xqYyd Hkkjh gS\ fdldh xqYyd gYdh gS\------------------------------------------------

------------------------------------------------

uko dh dgkuh

,d ckj fiQj ls dfork i<+ ksA bl dfork esa ,d uko osQ cuus vkSj ikuhesa lI+kQj djus dh dgkuh fNih gSA eku yks rqe gh og uko gksA vcviuh dgkuh lcdks lqukvksA

'kq#vkr ge dj nsrs gSaA

eSa ,d uko g¡w A eSa dkxT+k ls cuh g¡w A eq>s ,d yM+osQ us cuk;kA mldkuke rks eq>s ugha irk ij-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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Page 4: 666 uko cukvks uko cukvks - ncert.nic.inncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/dhhn106.pdf · ([k) D;k lpeqp ckfj'k osQ ckny leqnz ls ikuh ykrs gSa\ os bruk lkjk ikuh oSQls ykrs gksaxs\ vkil esa

47

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vgk! ckfj'k!!

• rqeus cjlkr ij igys Hkh dHkh dksbZ dfork ;k yksdxhr lquk gksxkAmls uhps nh xbZ txg esa fy[kksA

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Page 5: 666 uko cukvks uko cukvks - ncert.nic.inncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/dhhn106.pdf · ([k) D;k lpeqp ckfj'k osQ ckny leqnz ls ikuh ykrs gSa\ os bruk lkjk ikuh oSQls ykrs gksaxs\ vkil esa

48

• bl dfork dks i<+rs le; rqEgkjs eu esa dbZ fp=k vk, gkssaxsAmuosQ ckjs esa crkvks ;k mudk fp=k cukvksA

lpeqp

ikuh lpeqp [kwc iM+sxkAlpeqp dk bLrseky djrs gq, rqe Hkh nks okD; cukvksA

(d) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

([k) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

lkr leqnz

f?kj&f?kj dj ckny Nk;k gS]lkr leaqnj Hkj yk;k gSA

(d) irk djks] lkr leqnz dkSu&dkSu ls gksaxs ftuls ckny ikuh Hkjdjyk;k gSA

([k) D;k lpeqp ckfj'k osQ ckny leqnz ls ikuh ykrs gSa\ os bruk lkjkikuh oSQls ykrs gksaxs\ vkil esa ckrphr djosQ irk djksA(rqe bl dke esa cM+ ksa dh ;k fdrkcksa dh enn Hkh ys ldrh gksA)

48

2020-21

Page 6: 666 uko cukvks uko cukvks - ncert.nic.inncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/dhhn106.pdf · ([k) D;k lpeqp ckfj'k osQ ckny leqnz ls ikuh ykrs gSa\ os bruk lkjk ikuh oSQls ykrs gksaxs\ vkil esa

49

rjg&rjg dh ukosa

rqe dkxT+k ls fdruh rjg dh uko cuk ldrs gks\ cukdj d{kk esafn[kkvksA muesa ls fdlh ,d osQ ckjs esa fy[kdj crkvks fd rqeus ogoSQls cukbZA

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vkbZ cjlkr

(d) cjlkr osQ fnuksa esaa vDlj ?kjksa osQ njokT+ks vkSj f[kM+ fd;ksa ls ikuhdh ckSNkj vk tkrh gSA dHkh&dHkh Nr ls ikuh Vidrk gS] lhyuHkh vk tkrh gSA ,slh fLFkfr;ksa ls fuiVus osQ fy, rqEgkjs ?kj esaD;k&D;k fd;k tkrk gS\

([k) ckfj'k osQ ekSle esa xfy;ksa vkSj lM+dksa ij Hkh ikuh Hkj tkrk gSArqEgkjs eksgYys vkSj ?kj osQ vkl&ikl ckfj'k vkus ij D;k&D;kgksrk gS\ crkvksA

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Page 7: 666 uko cukvks uko cukvks - ncert.nic.inncert.nic.in/textbook/pdf/dhhn106.pdf · ([k) D;k lpeqp ckfj'k osQ ckny leqnz ls ikuh ykrs gSa\ os bruk lkjk ikuh oSQls ykrs gksaxs\ vkil esa

50

dke okys 'kCn

(d) fiNys lky fjef>e esa rqeus i<+k Fkk fd cukuk dke okyk'kCn gksrk gSA dke okys 'kCnksa dks fØ;k dgrs gSaA bl dforkesa <sj lkjh fØ;k,¡ ;k dke okys 'kCn vk, gSaA mUgsa Nk¡Vks vkSjuhps fy[kksA

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([k) rqeus tks fØ;k,¡ Nk¡Vh gSa] o.kZekyk osQ fglkc ls muosQ vkxs1] 2] 3 vkfn fy[kdj mUgsa Øe ls yxkvksA

50

2020-21