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6:3● The Gilded Age
● Name given to the late-1800's by Mark Twain● “gilded”: something covered in gold, but cheap
underneath● America looked wealthy and prosperous, but there
was much poverty and misery
6:3● Social Darwinism
● Herbert Spencer, British philosopher● “survival of the fittest” (evolution)● Taking a theory of nature and applying it to society
6:3● Gospel of Wealth
● Created “philanthropy” (people with money should help those less fortunate)
● The wealthy could help society by building libraries, hospitals, schools– Better than giving the poor money
6:3● Realism
● Art and literature of the time reflected real life● Mark Twain
– “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn” (1884)
6:3● Popular Culture (“Pop Culture”)
● Industrialization made America more wealthy● More wealth = extra leisure time● Saloons● Sports● Vaudeville
– Animal acts, dancers, acrobats
6:3● Presidents
● 19th: Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881)● 20th: James Garfield (1881)● 21st : Chester Arthur (1881-1885)
6:3● Civil Service Reform
● End “patronage” (favors for political support)● Interstate Commerce Commission
– Regulate big business
6:3● 25th President: William McKinley
● McKinley Tariff– High taxes on imports– Protect American manufactures
● Sherman Anti-Trust Act– Tried to limit monopolies
6:3● Social Gospel
● Help those in need through biblical principles● Salvation Army● YMCA● Settlement Houses
– Housed the poor– Provided medical care, education, activities– Jane Addams