6.3 Classification of Organism

8/6/2019 6.3 Classification of Organism

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Introduction

Standard CompetenceUnderstand the biodiversity of living organisms.

B asic CompetenceClassification of living things

IndicatorsTo distinguish living things based on their specificcharacteristicsTo describe the importance of the classification of living thingsTo classify organisms in the environment based ontheir characteristicsTo understand the rules of binomial nomenclatureTo make the comparison of specific character in the 5kingdom systemUsing determination key to classify organisms


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W hy living things must have name?


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H istory of Classification andB inomial Nomenclature (Scientific Name)

The first person that proposed theclassification theory was Aristotle(a Greek Philosopher ).

He grouped living organisms intotwo kingdom (Animals and Plants).Kingdom Animals: water, terrestrial(land), and air.Plants: tree, shrubs, andherbaceous.


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In 1735, CarolusLinnaeus, a Swedish well

known as Father of Classification GroupedLiving Organisms intokingdom Plantae andkingdom Animalia

This Classification basedon the similarity anddifferences of body

structures.


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Along with the development of science, in 1969 there is a new

historical moment.A scientist make a newclassification that influence livingthings classification.Robert H. W hittaker makegrouped living organisms intofive kingdomsW hittaker classified organismsbased on organisms level, cellstructure, and the way they obtainfood.


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Can you give an example of classification in supermarket or bookstore?

Living organisms are classifiedaccording to structuralcharacteristic at seven differentlevels (taxon), i.e.

1. Kingdom2. Divisio/Phylum3. Class4. Ordo

5. Family6. Genus7. Species


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Wh ittaker classification

1. Monera

2. Protist

3. Fungi4. Plantae

5. animalia


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K ingdom MoneraThese are prokaryotic organisms. This Kingdom was

divived into two:

B acteria (Sc h yzop h yta)

Characteristic:Unicellular dont have chlorophylreproduce by binary fusionhabitat in sea, water, air,living thingssize in micron

Green Algae (Cyanop h yta)Characteristic:

Multicellular have a pigment(phycocyanin)reproduce by binary fusionhabitat: water and moistplace


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K ingdom Protista

These are the eukaryoticorganismsSome of them unicellular

and some aremulticellular Some are autotrophicand some are

heterotrophyActively move


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K ingdom Fungi

Fungi are unicellular organisms and some aremulticellular.They dont have chlorophyll and heterotroph

They are saprophytic organisms. parasitic, and pathogens.The body structure of the multicellular consist of longstands called h yp h ae , which are meshed together andcollectively known as mycellium.

Fungi reproduce by sporesSome of them are detrimental for human and some areuseful.


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K ingdom Plantae

There are many typesof plants, tall big trees,shrubs, and alsoherbaceous plants.

Kingdom Plantae aremulticellular organisms.This kingdom areautotrophic organisms

which produce their food by photosynthesis.


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K ingdom Animalia

Members of thiskingdom are varied.Those members live inwater, land, and haveorgan of locomotion.They can move to other places.Locomotion organs canbe fin, wings, and legs.


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Why classification isWhy classification isneeded????needed????

Why classification isWhy classification isneeded????needed????


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To make people easier to study and knowtheliving organisms, scientist classify living

organisms and give scientific name.

Carolous Linnaeus is a Swedish scientistwho developed a binomial system (binomial

nomenclature) for naming the organisms.


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T HE DE T ER MINAT ION K EY

You can easily differentiate between mice and cat, grasshopper and butterfly.Fauna and Flora are very diverse, it can be millions in number.How are the scientist able to describe an study those livingorganisms? They use Determination K ey .

Determination key is a set of characteristic, briefly described,which allow an organism to be identified and placed in groups.The simple determination key is a dichotomous key.This is a key which branches continuously into two.

The key finishes with only one organism or group organism ineach category.


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Ex ample of determination key

1. T hey are prokaryotic organism .. 2T hey are eukaryotic organism 3

2. Pioneer vegetation Blue greenalgaeNot pioneer vegetation Bacteria

3. U nicellular, dont have chlorophyll . ProtozoaMulticellular, have chlorophyll . 4

4. Live in water AlgaeNot live in water . 5

5. D

ont have vascular bundle .

MossesHave vascular bundle 66. Reproduce by spores Ferns

Not reproduce by spores . 77. O ne seed leaf . Monocot

T wo seed leaves D icot


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T hank You(^_^)

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6.3 Classification of Organism