6.2 THE RISE OF CITIES

I. Medicine and the population explosion The fight against disease

Louis Pasteur develops vaccines, pasteurization and advocated germ theory.

Germ theory is the link between microbes and diseases

Robert Koch identifies bacteria that cause tuberculosis.

Hospital care improves.Florence Nightingale introduces sanitary

measures.Joseph Lister discovers that antiseptics prevent

infection.

II. Life in the citiesCity landscapes change.

City planners design the layout of cities.Rich live on outskirts; poor crowd into city

centers.Urban renewal- rebuilding of poor areas of

citySidewalks, sewers, and skyscrapers

Streets illuminated; sewer systems cut death rates.

Steel used to create skyscrapers.

II. Life in the cities cont.Slum conditions

CrowdingCrime

The lure of the cityAttracted by work, educationAttracted by entertainment

III. Working-class strugglesGrowth of labor unions

Mutual aid societies- self help groups to aid sick or injured workers

Workers use strikes to protest conditions.Governments pass laws to improve working

conditions.Rising standards of living

Wage gaps between skilled and unskilled, men and women appear.

The quality and availability of necessities and luxuries rises.

Journal EntryPretend that you lived from about 1850 and it is

now 1910, write a 1/2 page journal entry that describes the changes in your city over your life

Suggested topicsUrban renewalStreet lightsBetter conditions in factoriesLabor unionsCity planningCity entertainmentAny thing else we have talked about