6.1 6.1 PERIODIC PERIODIC

TABLETABLE

MEYER & MENDELEEV (1869): MEYER & MENDELEEV (1869):

Showed connection between atomic mass & Showed connection between atomic mass &

properties.properties.

• Mendeleev – given credit (published first).• Arranged by atomic mass.• Found that properties repeated.

• Predicted existence & properties of undiscovered elements. (Ex. Ge)

• Recognized discrepancies in properties. (Ex. Te & I)

EARLY PERIODIC EARLY PERIODIC TABLETABLE

MOSELYMOSELY (1913) – Discovered (1913) – Discovered

protons protons (Atomic #)(Atomic #)• Arranged elements by atomic #.

• Saw clear pattern of periodic properties (problem of discrepancies solved).

• Periodic Law – When elements are arranged by increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of chemical

& physical properties.

MODERN PERIODIC TABLE:MODERN PERIODIC TABLE:

Boxes arranged by increasing atomic Boxes arranged by increasing atomic

##• Groups (families)– vertical columns.• Numbered by “a” & “b” or 1-18

• Elements in the same group share similar properties (Ex. Na & K – both in 1a)

• Representative elements (Main Group)

• Belong to “a” groups • (“s” & “p” block)• Wide range properties

PERIODSPERIODS - - Horizontal RowsHorizontal Rows Show # Energy LevelsShow # Energy Levels

• 7 periods on table• Various properties• Ex. Period 3 contains Na, Si, Cl, Ar• (has 3 energy levels)

QUIZQUIZ• 1) Mendeleev arranged elements by increasing ______.

• 2) How are elements arranged on the modern periodic table?

• 3) Sodium and magnesium are in the same _____.

• 4) Li & Na are in the same _____.

• 5) Which 2 elements have the most similar properties?

Na Mg K Ar

ELEMENT CLASSIFICATIONELEMENT CLASSIFICATION – – 3 main 3 main

types:types:

Metals, Nonmetals, MetalloidsMetals, Nonmetals, Metalloids

• Separated by “zigzag” line• Metals: (Left of zigzag) (except H)

• Properties: • Shiny & smooth (when clean)• Ductile (can draw into wire)• Malleable (hammer into sheets)• Good conductors (heat & electricity)• Often react with acids

GROUPS OF METALSGROUPS OF METALS

• 1a (1) = alkali metals• (red)• (not H)

• Most reactive metals • (Fr most active)

• 2a (2) = alkaline earth metals• (green)• Very reactive

TRANSITION ELEMENTS (Metals) TRANSITION ELEMENTS (Metals)

““dd ”” block; block; ““bb ”” groups or # 3-12 groups or # 3-12

• Ex. Au, Fe, Cu• Many transition metal compounds are

colorful:

INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS INNER TRANSITION ELEMENTS

(Metals)(Metals)

””ff ”” block, 2 bottom rows (blue) block, 2 bottom rows (blue)

• 1st row (Lanthanide series)(Lanthanoid)

• 2nd row (Actinide series) (Actinoid)

QUIZ - METALSQUIZ - METALS

WHAT GROUP IS THIS?WHAT GROUP IS THIS?• 1) Group 1a (1)• 2) Group 2a (2)

• 3) Cu & Ag are in this group.

• 4) Bottom 2 rows are in this group.

• 5) Uranium is in this series.

• 6) Sm & Ce are in this series.• 7) Most reactive metallic

group.

• 8) Representative elements

NONMETALS – Right of NONMETALS – Right of

zigzag & Hzigzag & H

Day 2Day 2

• Properties:• Gases or brittle & dull solids• Only liquid is Br• Poor conductors

chlorine gas

• Groups:• 6a (16) = chalcogens (oxygen gp.)• 7a = halogens (very reactive)• 8a = noble gases (inert, unreactive, full outer shell)

NONMETALS - NONMETALS - What group is What group is

this?this?• 1) Group 6a (16)• 2) Group 7a (17)• 3) Group 8a (18)

• 4) Hydrogen is the only nonmetal placed with this group.

• 5) The most reactive nonmetal group.

METALLOIDS (SEMI-METALLOIDS (SEMI-

METALS)METALS) Elements along Elements along

zigzag (not Al)zigzag (not Al)

• Show properties of both metals & nonmetals

• Ex. Si & Ge – shiny, semi-conductor, brittle

• Used in computer chips, etc.

OTHER GROUPS OTHER GROUPS

NAMED FOR 1NAMED FOR 1stst ELEMENT: ELEMENT:• Group 3a (13) Boron group• Group 4a (14) Carbon group• Group 5a (15) Nitrogen group

• Groups contain metals, nonmetals & metalloids.

QUIZ – QUIZ – METAL, NONMETAL, METAL, NONMETAL,

METALLOIDMETALLOID• 1) Tell whether the following is a metal, nonmetal or metalloid?

• Sr Co P Sb Se• m m nm ml nm

• 2) An element is smooth, shiny, conducts electricity well, & reacts with acid.

• Which element is it? W Br As Ge

W=metal

PROBLEM:PROBLEM:

Which element is this?Which element is this?• 1) An element is a dull

solid, brittle, and does not conduct electricity or react with acid.

• Which element & gp.?• Mg Ge S O• S, chalcogens

• 2) An element is shiny, brittle, partly conducts electricity but does not react with acid.

• Zn Ge Kr I• Ge, Group 4A (carbon

gp.)

Dmitri MendeleevDmitri Mendeleev

1834-19071834-1907

THE ENDTHE END