6 x 10.Long newassets.cambridge.org/97805218/84594/index/9780521884594...312 Index Apology for Actors, An (Heywood), 162n.51, 276n.4 Apology for Poetry, An (Sidney), 39, 47, 161n.49,

311

Abel, 193accounting language in revenge plays 62Acts and Monuments (Foxe), 25, 49, 143Adams, Abigail, 274Adams, John, 272, 274Adams, Simon, 162n.52Adamson, Henry: Muses’ Threnody, 56n.68Advancement of Learning, The (Bacon), 259Aeschylus:

Agamemnon, 53Eumenides, 52Libation Bearers, 52, 57

aesthetics and numericity 257–58Agag, 208Agamemnon, 172Agamemnon (Aeschylus), 53Agamemnon (Seneca, trans. Compton),

212n.22Agamemnon (Seneca, trans. Studley), 11, 34,

52–53, 57, 130, 130n.3, 131, 136, 152, 153, 164

tyranny in, 137–38Aglaura (Suckling), 201Agreement of the People, An, 200, 249Ahab, 141, 147Aho, James, 68n.13, 257–58Airs and Dialogues (Gamble), 56n.68Alaham (Greville), 91, 184Alberti, Leon Battista, 258Albertus Wallenstein (Glapthorne), 201, 217Albovine (D’Avenant), 201Alcestis (Buchanan), 132n.6Alchemist, The (Jonson), 251n.35Alexander the Great, 207n.18Alfred the Great, 259n.7Alfred, or Right Re-enthroned, 212n.22algebra 62, 65, 83, 255All Fools (Chapman), 93, 111Allen, Frances, 143Allen, William, 170

Conference about the Next Succession to the Crown of England, A, 169

Alleyn, Edward, 188n.35Allman, Eileen, 16, 19n.24, 51, 177n.16, 181, 185All’s Well that Ends Well (Shakespeare), 126,

262Altman, Joel, 30n.15Alured, Matthew: The Humble Petition of

Several Colonels of the Army, 205, 274Ames, William, 117, 120Amman, Jost, 65n.8, 111Anderson, Judith H., 13n.18Anderson, Linda, 17n.22, 47Annals of English Drama, 215n.27Anne, Queen, 9Answer to a Great Number of Blasphemous

Cavillations written by an Anabaptist, An (Knox), 230–31, 231n.14

Answer to the City’s Representation … by some Ministers of the Gospel, An, 192

antitheatricalism 34–35, 63antithesis (rhetorical figure) 78–79Antonio’s Revenge (Marston), 3n.1, 4n.4, 4n.5, 5,

18, 24n.6, 31n.19, 31n.22, 167, 246n.30, 276

comedy in, 47lack of divine justice in, 39madness in, 43, 44moral ambiguity in, 42resistance in, 172–73therapeutic revenge in, 24tyrannicide in, 168and unchristian revenge, 32, 33–34

Antony, 219Antony and Cleopatra (Shakespeare), 10–11,

16n.20, 66n.10, 123, 126accounting terms used in, 70, 74and Fortuna, 125gambling in, 117, 119–22undeserved punishment in, 39

Index

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Index312

Apology for Actors, An (Heywood), 162n.51, 276n.4

Apology for Poetry, An (Sidney), 39, 47, 161n.49, 161–62, 168

Appellation of John Knox from the Cruel and Most Injust sentence pronounced against him by the false bishops and clergy of Scotland, The (Knox), 147

Appius and Virginia (R. B.), 109, 165Aquinas, Thomas, 107

Summa Theologiae, 35n.30Arcadia (Sidney), 162Archaionomia (Lambarde), 259n.7Archipropheta (Grimald), 159Aristotle, 50, 51, 67, 107, 107n.3, 111, 206, 257

Nicomachean Ethics, 40–41, 61, 107, 259–60Rhetoric, 40

Arithmetical Military Treatise (Diggeses), 65–66Arnold, Matthew, 47Arnold, Richard, 200–01Art of English Poesy (Puttenham), 69As You Like It (Shakespeare), 70, 112, 199Ashton, John, 117, 120, 121Aston, T. H., 232n.17Athaliah, 141, 145, 147, 169, 192, 207, 208n.19Atheist’s Tragedy, The (Tourneur), 4n.5, 19, 31,

31n.19, 31n.22, 32, 33, 33n.26, 106n.1, 123n.21, 167, 185, 186, 196

debt in, 93lack of divine justice in, 39social equality in, 247tyrannicide in, 168, 179

Auden, W. H., 14n.19Augustine, St., 113, 185n.30avenger: See revengerAverell, William: Charles and Julia, 56n.67Ayres, Philip J., 24n.6, 33

B., R.: Appius and Virginia, 109, 165B., T.: The Rebellion of Naples, or the Tragedy of

Massenello, 212–13, 221, 273Bacon, Francis, 17n.22, 22, 22n.1, 40, 62n.2, 113

The Advancement of Learning, 259Bady, David, 16n.21, 65, 70, 107n.3, 258n.5Bailey, F. G., 85Baines, Richard, 180Baker, Humphrey, 64, 92

The Wellspring of Sciences, 63Baker, Sir Richard, 47n.52, 130n.3balance 62, 106–08

in ledgers 74–75of trade 74–75, 80–81

Baldwin, William, 130n.3A Mirror for Magistrates, 114, 154–57, 162,

190, 231–32

Bale, John, 25, 49, 152n.37Ball, John, 228, 261n.10Balmford, James, 117, 120Baptistes sive Calumnia (Buchanan), 136,

159–61, 160n.48, 163, 163n.53, 168, 171n.7, 189, 201

Barbour, Violet, 121n.16Barish, Jonas, 25n.8, 25n.9, 51n.61Barker, Richard, 176n.14Barkstead, William: The Insatiate Countess, 107Barnes, Barnabe, 112Barnfield, Richard, 257Baron, Hans, 41Baron, Robert: Mirza, 214–15Barroll, Leeds, 165n.59Barston, John, 139n.16Bartholomew Fairing, A, 204Bashar, Nazife, 9Bastard, The (anon.), 10n.16, 34n.28, 104n.20,

201–02, 268n.15accounting terms used in, 62comedy in, 46

Bastingius, Jeremais, 84n.1, 86n.5Bate, Jonathan, 9n.15Battle of Alcazar (Peele), 5n.6, 114n.11,

124n.22Baxter, Richard, 117Beard, Thomas, 17Beaumont, Francis, 183

Bonduca, 181Cupid’s Revenge, 4n.4, 4n.5, 181A King and No King, 181, 183The Maid’s Tragedy, 4n.4, 4n.5, 176n.15, 179,

181, 183, 188n.33Philaster, 181, 183

Becon, Thomas, 29–30Beer, Barrett L., 143Behn, Aphra: The Roundheads, 217n.28Believe as You List (Massinger), 182, 201Bellamira her Dream, Part 1 (Killigrew), 213,

214Bellamira her Dream, Part 2 (Killigrew), 213Bellany, Alistair, 11n.17Belsey, Catherine, 42benefit of clergy 9Benese, Richard: Book of Measuring Land, 71Berkowitz, Steven, 159, 161, 161n.49, 163,

163n.53, 163n.55Bernstein, Peter L., 115n.12, 121Bernthal, Craig A., 221Berry, Herbert, 66n.11Berry, Ralph, 234, 243, 244Berthelet, Thomas, 153Bevington, David, 238, 266–67Beza, Theodore, 141






Index 313

Blind Beggar of Bednal Green, The (Chettle and Day), 7n.11, 92

Blisset, William, 172Boehm, Christopher, 16n.20Boethius, 113Bond, Christopher, 35n.30Bondman, The (Massinger), 182Bonduca (Beaumont and Fletcher), 181bookkeeping, double-entry 15, 62, 63

and control over circumstance 68language of, in revenge plays 15practices in revenge plays 75–80

“Book of the Dead,” 261Book of Martyrs (Foxe), 169, 228n.9, 229n.10Book of Measuring Land (Benese), 71Book on Games of Chance, The: Liber de Ludo

Aleae (Cardano), 115, 260Borkenau, Franz, 70n.16, 71borrowing, etiquette governing 100–01Bossy, John, 170, 179Bowers, Fredson, 5, 5n.7, 29, 30, 30n.17, 31, 33,

176n.14, 179n.18, 242n.27Boyle, A. J., 136n.12Bracton, Henry de, 17Braden, Gordon, 19, 24n.7, 25, 31, 41, 46,

130n.2, 130n.3, 132, 153, 170n.6, 240, 240n.23

Bradford, Alan, 4Bradford, William, 272Braithwait, Richard, 56Braunmuller, A. R., 267bribery 9, 109Briggs, W. D., 179n.19Britnell, R. H., 13Brockliss, L. W. B., 8n.14, 85n.3Brooke, Nicholas, 44, 44n.44, 46n.50Broude, Ronald, 5, 9, 9n.15, 16, 20, 124n.22,

170n.6Brown, Penelope, 100–01, 102Brown, Richard, 67Bruno, Giordano: The Expulsion of the

Triumphant Beast, 111, 113, 115Brutus, 138, 139n.16, 161, 163n.54, 190, 206, 207,

209, 217, 218Bucer, Martin, 144Buchanan, George, 135n.9, 149, 157, 163, 168,

168n.3, 179, 190, 190n.2, 274Alcestis, 132n.6Baptistes sive Calumnia, 136, 159–61, 160n.48,

163, 163n.53, 168, 171n.7, 189, 201De Jure Regni apud Scotos, 157–59, 157n.45,

163, 163n.53, 168, 170Detection of the Actions of Mary Queen of

Scots, 190Medea, 159

Rerum Scoticarum Historia, 158n.46Tyrannical-Government Anatomized, 150n.31,

160n.48, 163, 189, 189n.1Buckingham, duke of, 182, 183, 190Buckley, G. T., 179n.19bullionism 81Bullough, Geoffrey, 130n.3Burbage, Richard, 188n.35Burgess, Glenn, 181n.22Burke, Kenneth, 266n.13Burks, Deborah G., 201Burnett, Anne Pippin, 3, 11, 19n.24, 22, 24n.6,

32, 32n.24, 40, 41n.39, 50, 51, 85Burnett, Cathleen, 260Burton, Kathleen M., 140Burton, Thomas, 194Burton, William, 87, 88, 89, 139Bushnell, Rebecca, 165, 167, 171n.7, 181n.22,

182, 185Bussy D’Ambois (Chapman), 18, 39n.36, 41

Cade, Jack, 221, 226n.4, 229, 232, 232n.17, 234n.18, 252

in Henry VI, Part 2, 225, 226n.3, 232–36, 242Caesar and Pompey (anon.), See Caesar’s RevengeCaesar and Pompey (Chapman), 180Caesar’s Fall (Webster), 184Caesar’s Revenge (anon.) 4n.4, 4n.5, 23, 24, 113,

114n.11, 135n.11, 157n.44, 191n.4as vendetta play, 26, 165

Cain and Abel, 142Calderón, 186Caldwell, Ellen C., 221n.33, 232Caligula, 141, 152, 157Callaghan, Dympna, 73n.18Calvin, John, 139n.17, 141, 169, 228n.8, 231n.14

Homilies on the First Book of Samuel, 141Institutes of the Christian Religion, 142

Cambyses (Preston), 108–10, 165, 171n.7Campbell, Danny, 19n.25Campbell, Lily Bess, 29Campion, Edmund, 150, 169Camporesi, Piero, 227Canker of England’s Common Wealth, The

(Malynes), 74n.23, 232n.16, 255Canterbury His Change of Diet (Overton),

208n.20Canterbury Tales, The (Chaucer), 45capital punishment 10capitalism, venture 8, 115–16, 118–19Cardano, Girolamo, 67

The Book on Games of Chance: Liber de Ludo Aleae, 115, 260

Cardinal, The (Shirley), 38, 40n.38, 43n.42, 44, 93, 126, 167, 201






Index314

Carlisle, Carol Jones, 266n.14Carr, Robert, 180, 183Carruthers, Bruce G., 95, 96, 98Cartelli, Thomas, 224, 226n.3, 248n.32Cary, Elizabeth: The Tragedy of Mariam, 159Case of the Army Truly Stated, The, 199–200,

221, 249Cassirer, Ernst, 113Cassius, 139n.16Castalio, Sebastian, 231n.14Caxton, William, 53censorship 131, 154n.39, 176, 187n.32Center of the Circle of Commerce, The

(Malynes), 81n.26, 81n.27, 82Changeling, The (Middleton and Rowley), 68,

202, 202n.15Chapman, George, 178, 180, 274

All Fools, 93, 111Bussy D’Ambois, 18, 39n.36, 41Caesar and Pompey, 180The Charge of the Army and Council of War

against the King, 195The Conspiracy of Charles, Duke of Byron,

180Eastward Ho, 180, 250n.35Monsieur D’Olive, 180The Revenge of Bussy D’Ambois, 6, 19, 24,

31n.19, 39n.36, 41, 96, 126, 167, 168, 251Sir Giles Goosecap, 250n.35The Tragedy of Chabot, Admiral of France,

180The Widow’s Tears, 180See also Revenge of Bussy D’Ambois, The

Charge of the Army and Council of War against the King, The (Chapman), 195

Charles I, King, 26n.11, 145, 163, 181n.22, 182, 183, 184, 189, 190, 191–92, 193, 195–96, 203n.16, 204, 208, 209, 210, 211, 211n.21, 212, 214, 218

and Eikon Basilike, 198Charles II, King, 188n.33, 211, 217n.28, 271Charles, Prince, 183, 190, 210, 211, 214Charles and Julia (Averell), 56n.67Chaste Maid in Cheapside (Middleton), 68Chaucer, Geoffrey: The Canterbury Tales, 45Cheke, Sir John, 67Chettle, Henry:

The Blind Beggar of Bednal Green, 7n.11, 92The Danish Tragedy, 39n.36The Downfall of Robert, Earl of Huntington,

70, 91The Tragedy of Hoffman, 7, 10, 18, 24, 39n.36,

95, 126, 137, 143, 199, 247, 251See also Hoffman, the Tragedy of

Chew, Samuel, C., 111

Christianity: and deaths of revengers, 25and debt, 84n.1, 86–91, 92, 101, 104and fairness, 37and fair prices, 13and gambling, 118–19, 120and justice, 107–08and legal system, 89–91and martyrs, 25and opposition to revenge plays, 29–36and resistance writing, 139–49, 179–80,

192–98, 207–08and revenge drama, 5revengers against, 36–40and social equality, 227–28, 249, 251as vendetta, 35

Cicero, 85, 139n.17, 181De Officiis, 138–39

Cicilia and Clorinda, Part 1 (Killigrew), 213–14Cicilia and Clorinda, Part 2 (Killigrew), 213Circle of Commerce, or the Balance of Trade, in

Defense of Free Trade, The (Misselden), 81n.26, 82

Clare, Janet, 176, 201, 203n.16, 212class, terminology 226class conflict 145, 225–53Clement, Francis, 69Cleopatra, 210Clover, Carol, 49n.58Cockburn, J. S., 9Cockerell, H. A. L., 121n.16Cogswell, Thomas, 183Cohn, Norman, 251Collier, T., 22, 26n.11, 34

A Vindication of the Army Remonstrance, 194–95

Collinson, Patrick, 139n.16Colwell, Thomas, 153comedy, 44–48, 274–76

and sensationalism, 48–49, 274comedy, black, in revenge tragedies 42, 44,

48, 275Comedy of Errors, The (Shakespeare), 3n.2commercial language and thinking in plays

63–64, 68commodification 70, 70n.16, 71n.17, 73, 257,

259communism, economic 144, 148n.27, 225, 227,

227n.6, 228n.8, 230, 231n.14, 232n.16, 249, 252

Compton, James, 212n.22condign punishment 6, 17–18, 36, 40, 51, 133,

194, 196, 197, 208n.19, 213, 256, 275condign revenge 6, 17n.23, 40, 125, 136, 147, 196,

208, 211, 213, 241, 254, 256, 265, 269






Index 315

conditions, legal 89Conference about the Next Succession to the

Crown of England, A (Parsons and Allen), 169

Confession Amantis (Gower), 53n.64, 54, 203n.25Confession and Apology of the Pastors of the

Church at Magdeburg, 146, 146n.24

Confutation of Tyndale’s Answer, The (More), 140

Conspiracy of Charles, Duke of Byron, The (Chapman), 180

Contarini, Gasparo, 139n.16Coogan, Michael D., 86n.4Cooke, J.: Greene’s Tu Quoque, 89Corbett, Richard: The Times’ Whistle: Or A

New Dance of Seven Satyrs, 56n.68Coriolanus (Shakespeare), 39, 102, 116, 248Corporaal, Marguérite, 268n.16corruption 136, 140, 156, 177, 217, 240

judicial 9n.15, 9–12, 17n.23, 108–11, 109n.5, 125n.24, 155, 165, 196, 222n

Court of Venus, The (Wyatt), 112Cousins, A. D., 140n.19Coward, Barry, 192n.6, 199Crafty Cromwell, or Oliver Ordering our New

State (Mercurius Melancholicus, pseud.), 203

Craig, Hardin, 148Cranmer, Thomas, 147, 150Cressy, David, 212n.23, 226n.3Crewe, Alice, 120Cromwell, Oliver, 190, 204, 205–08, 209–10,

214, 251republican resistance to, 218–20

Cromwell, Thomas, 129Crook, Samuel, 86n.5Crouch, John (probable author):

New-Market Fair, or A Parliament Out-cry of State Commodities, 203, 204

The Second Part of The Tragicomedy, called New-Market Fair, 203–04

Crowley, Robert, 230Cunliffe, J. W., 130n.3Cupid’s Revenge (Beaumont and Fletcher),

4n.4, 4n.5, 181currency conversion 67curses 19, 28–29, 49, 61n.33, 78, 79, 134, 137n.14,

172, 235in Edward II, 172in Richard III, 28, 78, 79in Troas, 134

Curtis, Dennis E., 107, 108, 109n.4, 111n.9, 261

Curtius, Ernst Robert, 69n.15

Cymbeline (Shakespeare), 65, 116, 187Cynthia’s Revenge (Stephens), 38, 179

D’Avenant, William: Albovine, 201da Porto, Luigi, 226da Vinci, Leonardo, 258Daniel, Samuel, 181, 274

Sonnets to Delia, 112The Tragedy of Philotas, 178–79, 181The Vision of the Twelve Goddesses, 106

Danish Tragedy, The (Chettle), 39n.36Daube, David, 107, 107n.2, 108n.4David, 145David and Bethsabe (Peele), 37–38, 70Davidson, Nicholas, 180n.20Davies, Thomas, 183Davis, Natalie, 37n.33, 85n.2Dawson, Jane E. A., 144, 146n.24, 146n.25,

231Day, John:

The Blind Beggar of Bednal Green, 7n.11, 92Humor out of Breath, 184Isle of Gulls, 184Law Tricks, 184The Travails of Three English Brothers, 184

De divina proportione (Pacioli), 68De Jure Regni apud Scotos (Buchanan), 157–59,

157n.45, 163, 163n.53, 168, 170De Officiis (Cicero), 138–39De Republica Anglorum (Smith), 161n.50,

181n.22De Roover, Raymond, 8, 14, 15, 74, 116, 118De Vocht, Henry, 150n.31Dean, David M., 13debt 10, 84–105, 232

abstractness of 95alliance through 95analogous to revenge 96culture of credit 84–85and economic idiom, 11to God, 84n.1, 86–91, 92imprisonment for 10and legal system, 89–91litigation 89–90, 95, 103in Lord’s prayer commentaries 86revenge as, 84–105revenge’s language of 91–94serial defaults 95sins as 87–88in The Merchant of Venice, 96–105theological meaning, 40n.37See also economicsSee also gambling

Declaration of Independence, The (Jefferson), 254, 271, 272–74






Index316

Declaration of the Engagements, Remonstrances, Representations, Proposals, Desires and Resolutions from His Excellency Sir Thomas Fairfax, and the General Council of the Army … Also Representations of the Grievances of the Kingdom, A, 199n.13

Dee, John, 67n.12, 255, 257, 258Dekker, Thomas: The Wonderful Year, 15Delapeend, Thomas, 153Deloney, Thomas: Jack of Newberry, 226n.3Denham, Henry, 153Derrida, Jacques, 30n.18, 86Descartes, René, 71deserving 5–7, 19, 103, 112, 115, 123–24, 134, 245Detection of the Actions of Mary Queen of Scots

(Buchanan), 190Devout Treatise upon the Paternoster (Erasmus),

87Dialogue between Reginald Pole and Thomas

Lupset, A (Starkey), 18, 140, 230Dietrich, Julia, 34Digges, Leonard and Thomas: Arithmetical

Military Treatise, 65–66Diomedes, 207n.18Discourse of the Commonweal of this Realm of

England, A (Smith), 74n.23Discourse of Trade (Mun), 82Disease of the House: or, the State Mountebank,

Administering Physic to a Sick Parliament, 204

Distracted State, The (Tatham), 215–17Dobson, R. B., 228Doctor Faustus (Marlowe), 44, 70, 180Dolce, Lodovico: Giocasta, 164Dollimore, Jonathan, 19n.24, 31n.22Donne, John, 113, 151

Pseudo-Martyr, 151n.34Double Marriage, The (Fletcher and Massinger),

23n.5, 181, 182, 182n.24, 247Downfall of Robert, Earl of Huntington

(Chettle), 70, 91Dózsa, György, 226Duchess of Malfi, The (Webster), 4n.5, 7n.11, 24,

93, 137, 184, 199justice in, 106, 256–57social equality in, 247undeserved punishment in, 39–40

Dudrap, Claude, 4Duke of Milan, The (Massinger), 4n.5, 19, 30,

182, 185, 271balanced revenge in, 82, 83social equality in, 247, 256

Dunn, Alastair, 232n.17Dutch Courtesan, The (Marston), 250n.35

Dutton, Richard, 150, 176, 180, 180n.21, 181, 182, 182n.23, 183, 184, 187, 188n.35

Eastward Ho (Chapman, Jonson, and Marston), 180, 250n.35

Eccles, Mark, 180n.21economics:

and accounting, 63–68and balance of trade, 74–75, 80–83, 254, 255economic instability 8and failed regulation, 7–8, 7n.12and fair prices, 12–16language of revenge plays 10–11in literature, 68–71, 112–13in mature Shakespearean tragedy, 71–74and revenge tallies, 61–62, 70–71, 75–80and social equality, 254–61and unfairness, 10–12See also debtSee also equality, socialSee also gambling

Edward I (Peele), 69, 70Edward II (Marlowe), 171–72Edward II, King, 141Edward IV, King, 186Edward VI, King, 138, 141, 153Edwards, Philip, 38, 182, 183Edwards, Thomas: Gangraena, 205n.17egalitarianism 229–32, 234–36, 248–49,

254–70Egerton, Sir Thomas, 120Eglon, 207Ehud, 141, 142–43, 148, 207Eikon Basilike: the Portraiture of his Sacred

Majesty in His Solitudes and Sufferings, 198

Eikonoklastes (Milton), 198Einzig, Paul, 74n.23, 116Electra (Euripides), 24n.6, 57, 211Electra (Sophocles), 24n.6, 52, 54, 213n.25Electra (Sophocles, trans. Wase), 57, 210–12Eliot, T.S., 43n.42, 130n.2, 132n.8Elizabeth I, Queen, 8, 9n.15, 56, 74n.23, 112,

131n.4, 132, 134, 138, 146, 150, 152, 161n.50, 162, 163, 164, 165, 169, 170, 170n.5, 179, 181, 183, 184, 185n.31, 188, 190, 259n.7

Elizabeth, Princess, 210, 211Elliot, J. H., 8n.14, 85n.3Elliott, Martin, 266, 266n.13Elyot, Sir Thomas, 107, 257

The Governor, 230, 230n.13Empson, William, 124, 238England’s Standard Advanced in Oxfordshire

(Thompson), 220, 273






Index 317

Engle, Lars, 96n.13Epicoene (Jonson), 68, 251n.35Epieikeia (Perkins), 35n.30Epistle of the Persecution of Catholics in England

(Parsons), 169Epitaphs, Epigrams, Songs and Sonnets

(Turberville), 56n.67equality 6, 13, 18, 20, 20n.25, 74–75, 82–83, 99,

100, 164, 225–70, 271, 272, 272n.2, 274equality, social, 225–53, 254–70

in The Atheist’s Tragedy, 247and Christianity, 227–28, 249, 251in the Civil War era, 248–52in The Duchess of Malfi, 247in The Duke of Milan, 247, 256and economics, 254–61in Henry VI, Part 2, 232–36, 239, 240in The Jew of Malta, 246in King Lear, 263–66, 268, 269, 270in The Merchant of Venice, 263–68, 269,

270in Othello, 240–46, 263–66, 268–69, 270in The Revenge of Bussy d’Ambois, 246, 255in The Revenger’s Tragedy, 265, 265n.11in The Spanish Tragedy, 237–40in Tamburlaine, 248, 248n.32in Women Beware Women, 246–47See also economicsSee also fairnessSee also justice

equations 62equity 20, 20n.6, 35n.30, 37, 54, 108, 109,

149n.30, 158, 221, 230, 260, 260n.9, 261defined 20distinguished from fairness 5–7, 10, 12, 13,

20–21n.26, 33, 37, 54, 81n.25, 107, 111, 164, 190, 209, 222, 254–55, 260–61, 260n.9, 261n.10, 266

relational 261See also equality, socialSee also fairnessSee also justice

Erasmus, Desiderius, 132n.6Devout Treatise upon the Paternoster, 87

Erne, Lukas, 3, 4, 29, 39n.36, 124, 130, 130n.3, 179

Essay on Drapery, An (Scott), 254Essex, earl of, 165, 180, 181, 182Euclid, 255, 257, 259Eumenides (Aeschylus), 52Euripides, 203

Electra, 24n.6, 57, 211Hecuba, 132n.6Iphigenia at Aulis, 132n.6Orestes, 32, 52, 54–55

Everard, William, 251Everett, Barbara, 3Ewald, François, 121n.16execution, 9–10, 23, 25Exposition of the Lord’s Prayer, An (Perkins),

88, 89, 90Expulsion of the Triumphant Beast, The (Bruno),

111, 113, 115

Faerie Queene, The (Spenser), 7n.10, 56n.67, 228n.8

Fairfax, General Thomas, 271fairness, 5, 33

and Christianity, 37definition of, 20and playgoers, 6of prices, 12–16of punishment, 84relational, 261–63, 265and revenge tallies, 61–62, 70–71,

75–80in The Spanish Tragedy, 61, 123–26in Titus Andronicus, 61and violations of fair payment, 7–10, 11

See also equality, socialSee also equitySee also justiceSee also legal systemSee also unfairness

Family of Love (anon.), 250n.35Famous Tragedy of King Charles I (anon.),

209–10, 250Fatal Dowry (Massinger), 247n.31favorites, royal 8felony 10Feltham, Owen, 190Felton, John, 190–91Ferne, Henry: Resolving of Conscience, upon

this question, whether … [if a king] is bent or seduced to subvert religion, laws, and liberties, subjects may take arms and resist? and whether that case be now?, 191n.5

Ferrers, George, 156feud cultures 5Field, Richard, 69Finkelstein, Andrea, 75First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous

Regiment of Women, The (Knox), 146–47, 162n.51, 169

First Book of the Preservation of King Henry VII (anon.), 56n.67

Fisher, Barbara, 73n.21Fitter, Chris, 235n.20Fletcher, Giles, 182






Index318

Fletcher, John, 181–82, 210, 274Bonduca, 181Cupid’s Revenge, 4n.4, 4n.5, 181The Double Marriage, 23n.5, 181, 182, 182n.24,

247A King and No King, 181, 183The Maid’s Tragedy, 4n.4, 4n.5, 176n.15, 179,

181, 183, 188n.33Philaster, 181, 183Sir John Van Olden Barnavelt, 181, 183n.26Valentinian, 7n.10, 18, 24, 181, 256A Wife for a Month, 181See also Valentinian

Flynn, Dennis, 150n.31, 150n.32, 151, 151n.34, 153Foakes, R. A., 24n.6Ford, Bonnie L., 274Ford, John: ’Tis Pity She’s a Whore, 24forgiveness, Christian 33, 35–37, 42n.40, 87–91,

194, 198, 266–67Forman, Simon, 6Fortier, Mark, 9n.15, 10, 20n.26, 149n.30Fortuna, 14, 15, 53, 106–26, 111–15, 129, 157,

176n.15, 251, 260, 262See also Justitia

fortune, 8n.13, 10, 53, 58, 106–26, 129, 156–57, 157n.44, 246–47, 251, 260, 262

Foxe, John, 182, 222n.34Acts and Monuments (the Book of Martyrs),

25, 49, 143, 169, 228n.9, 229n.10Free Trade or the Means to Make Trade Flourish

(Misselden), 81Freedman, Penelope, 98, 98n.15, 102n.19Freeman, Arthur, 179n.19Freeman, Thomas S., 25, 25n.9, 139, 222n.34French, Peter A., 11, 17n.23, 22, 22n.2, 23n.5, 42,

42n.40, 49n.57Friar Francis (anon.), 188n.34Froissart, Jean, 261n.10Fulgens and Lucrece (Medwall), 262–63

G., I., 34G., W., 211, 211n.21Gairdner, James, 221Gamble, John: Airs and Dialogues, 56n.68gambling, 115–22, 125–26, 260

in Antony and Cleopatra, 119–22defended by Anglican clergy, 117–19venture capitalism as, 115See also debtSee also economics

Game at Chess, A (Middleton), 183, 184Gangraena (Edwards), 205n.17Gardner, Helen, 42Garnett, George, 169Garrett, C. H., 179

Gascoigne, George: Jocasta, 164–65Geller, Sherri, 154n.39Gentleman, Francis, 266n.14George III, King, 272Geremek, Bronislaw, 227Gest Historical of the Destruction of Troy, The

(anon.), 53n.63, 54, 213n.25ghosts in revenge tragedy, 21, 155Gibson, Colin, 183gifts 8, 85–86Giocasta (Dolce), 164Girard, René, 51Glapthorne, Henry:

Albertus Wallenstein, 201, 217Revenge for Honor, 4n.5, 17n.23, 43See also Revenge for Honor

Glassey, Lionel K. J., 146n.25Godelier, Maurice, 85n.2Godly and Short Treatise upon the Lord’s Prayer,

A, 90Godly Treatise Concerning the Lawful Use of

Riches (anon.), 13Goffe, Thomas, 203, 210

Orestes, 24, 29, 30, 40, 52n.62, 55, 56–57, 58, 210

Goldingham, William: Herodes, 159Goldsmith, Maurice, 252n.37Goodman, Christopher, 25, 36, 146n.25,

146n.26, 147, 148n.27, 149, 154, 156, 157, 159, 162n.52, 163, 168n.1, 169, 174, 179, 192, 222, 274

How Superior Powers Ought to be Obeyed of their Subjects, and Wherein They may Lawfully by God’s Word be Disobeyed and Resisted, 144–45, 145n.22, 146, 155

Gorboduc (Norton and Sackville), 168n.1Gorgeous Gallery of Gallant Inventions, A

(Procter), 112Gosse, Edmund, 130n.2Gosson, Stephen, 34Governor, The (Elyot), 230, 230n.13Gower, John, 53

Confessio Amantis, 53n.64, 54, 213n.25Grafton, Richard, 261n.10Green, Edwin, 121n.16Greenblatt, Stephen, 31, 234n.19Greene, Robert:

James IV, 68The Tragedy of Selimus, 91

Greene’s Tu Quoque (Cooke), 89Greville, Fulke, 184

Alaham, 91, 184The Life of Sir Philip Sidney, 184Mustapha, 184

Grévin, Jacques: Jules César, 161






Index 319

Grey, Lady Jane, 147grievances 11, 27, 27n.13, 27n.22, 151, 165, 191,

199n.13, 200–01, 206, 220–22, 220n.31, 221n.32, 222n.34, 233–34, 239, 241n.26, 242, 247, 272–74

Grimald, Nicholas: Archipropheta, 159Grindal, Edmund, 148n.28Griswold, Wendy, 4n.3, 19n.25, 32n.23, 48n.54,

165n.56, 226n.5, 246Gross, Allen, 182n.25Ground of Arts (Recorde), 67n.12Grove, Matthew: Pelops and Hippodamia,

56n.67Groves, Reg, 228grudge-bearing 42, 50Guépin, Jean-Pierre, 27n.13, 51guilt, unpunished 9Guise, duke of, 170Gurr, Andrew, 187n.32

Hackenbracht, Ryan, 174n.10Hadden, Richard W., 67, 70n.16, 71Hadfield, Andrew, 139, 139n.16, 172, 173,

228n.8, 232Hall, Dennis R., 50n.59Hall, Joseph, 35Hallett, Charles A. and Elaine S., 3n.1, 5, 6n.9,

11n.17, 18, 24, 24n.7, 29, 31n.22, 33, 34n.27, 35n.29, 37, 38, 39n.36, 42n.41, 43n.43, 110, 110n.7, 178, 265

Hamlet (Shakespeare), 3, 3n.1, 4n.4, 4n.5, 5, 7n.10, 11, 11n.17, 15, 18, 19, 21, 51n.61, 95, 125, 130n.3, 133, 158, 159, 167, 168n.1, 178, 188n.34, 189, 213

accounting terms used in, 65, 70, 74betting in, 116–17comedy in, 44, 47, 47n.53debt in, 93filial duty in, 91, 92grievances in, 220madness in, 43martyrdom in, 25mercenary revenge in, 86recoil in, 196regicide in, 168resistance in, 174–75revenge partnership in, 96tyranny in, 130, 174–75and unchristian revenge, 30n.19, 32, 34,

35n.29, 36–37, 104Hammond, Antony, 185Hankey, Julie, 266Hans the Piper, 226n.4Harding, Robert, 8n.14Harriot, Thomas, 180

Harris, Jonathan Gil, 22, 51Harvey, I. M. W., 232n.17Hattaway, Michael, 44, 110, 172, 226, 248Hawkes, Terence, 70, 74n.22Hayward, Sir John: History of Henry IV, 181Hecuba (Euripides, trans. Erasmus), 132n.6Hedrick, Donald, 47Heinemann, Margot, 183n.28, 208n.20Helgerson, Richard, 186, 233, 234n.19Heliogabalus, 185n.31Hell’s Broke Loose (Rowlands), 231, 248Hemming, William: The Jews’ Tragedy, 82–83,

221, 256Hengist, King of Kent (Middleton), 184n.29Henkel, Arthur, 111n.9Henri IV, King, 180, 181Henrietta Maria, 211n.21Henry III, King, 198Henry IV, 156Henry IV, Part 1 (Shakespeare), 11, 92

accounting terms used in, 63, 65debt in, 93

Henry IV, Part 2 (Shakespeare), 68, 106debt in, 93

Henry V (Shakespeare), 69n.14, 80, 105, 111n.8, 181

Henry VI, King, 156Henry VI, Part I (Shakespeare), 4n.4, 4n.5, 77,

80, 83, 124n.22, 136n.13Henry VI, Part 2 (Shakespeare), 4n.5, 17, 19, 80,

124n.22, 125, 165balanced revenge in, 76–77, 83lack of divine justice in, 39social equality in, 225, 226n.3, 232–36, 239,

240, 242therapeutic revenge in, 23vendetta in, 233, 236

Henry VI, Part 3 (Shakespeare), 4n.5, 80, 84, 124n.22, 273

balanced revenge in, 76–78, 79, 80, 83, 124n.22

and Fortuna, 114as vendetta play, 26–28, 233

Henry VIII (Shakespeare), 110, 221n.32Henry VIII, King, 129, 131n.4, 139, 140,

140n.18, 161, 185, 226n.4Henslowe, Philip, 4n.4, 39n.36Hercules Furens (Seneca, trans. Heywood),

130n.3, 131, 137, 153rape in, 133tyranny in, 133–34

Hercules Oetaeus (Seneca, trans. Studley), 131, 136, 138n.15, 153n.38

Hercules, 113tyranny in, 138






Index320

“Hero and Leander” (Marlowe), 180Herod, 144, 159Herod and Antipater (Markham), 159Herodes (Goldingham), 159Heywood, Elizabeth, 150Heywood, Ellis, 150, 153Heywood, Jasper, 57, 130n.3, 131, 150n.31,

150n.32, 150–51, 151n.35, 152, 153, 153n.38, 154, 164, 169, 179, 212

Heywood, John, 150Heywood, Thomas, 6, 16, 188n.34

An Apology for Actors, 162n.51, 276n.4The Iron Age, Part 2, 55, 56, 57Londini Speculum, 256The Rape of Lucrece, 41The Second Part of King Edward the Fourth,

18Troia Brittanica, 56n.68

Hick Scorner (anon.), 111n.8Highlights for Children, 46n.51Hill, Christopher, 184, 184n.29, 187n.32,

190n.2, 228n.8Hill, Robert, 87, 88, 89, 90, 104Hilton, R. H., 232n.17Hippolytus (Seneca, trans. Studley), 30n.16, 131,

136, 137, 153n.38Hirschauer, Gretchen, 85His Majesty’s Declaration to all His Loving

Subjects, Concerning the Remonstrance of the Army, 196

History of Henry IV (Hayward), 181Histriomastix (Prynne), 35Hobday, Charles, 225, 226n.4, 228n.8, 229n.12,

234n.19, 261n.10Hodges, Richard E., 212Hoffman, the Tragedy of (Chettle), 7, 10, 18,

24, 39n.36, 95, 126, 137, 143, 151, 199, 247

accounting terms used in, 62comedy in, 45–46and Fortuna, 114madness in, 43revenge partnership in, 96and unchristian revenge, 32, 33unfairness in, 84

Holderness, Graham, 22Holinshed, Raphael, 162, 228Holstun, James, 143, 190, 190n.3, 191, 200, 207,

214homeopathic cures and revenge 51Homer: Iliad, 261Homilies on the First Book of Samuel (Calvin),

141Honest Lawyer, The (S. S.), 89Honigmann, E. A. J., 243, 244Hope, Jonathan, 98, 245n.29

Hopkins, Lisa, 72, 73n.18Horestes (Pickering), 55, 57–58, 165Horne, David H., 69Horst, Irvin Buckwalter, 229Houliston, Victor, 170How Superior Powers Ought to be Obeyed of

their Subjects, and Wherein They may Lawfully by God’s Word be Disobeyed and Resisted (Goodman), 144–45, 145n.22, 146, 155

How to Get Even with Anybody, Anytime, 49n.58How to Keep a Perfect Reckoning after the …

Account of Debitor and Creditor (Peele), 65, 257

How to Keep Books of Accounts after the Order of Debitor and Creditor (Mellis), 65, 255

Howard-Hill, T. H., 181Hudson, Winthrop S., 129n.1, 139, 141, 147,

148, 189Hughes, Paul L., 148Hughes, Thomas: The Misfortunes of Arthur,

137n.14humanism, 40–42Humble Petition of Several Colonels of the Army,

The (Saunders, Alured, and Okey), 205, 274

Humble Petition of the Distressed and Almost Destroyed Subjects of England, An, 273

Humble Remonstrance … of Diverse Officers and Soldiers, The, 273

Hume, Robert D., 188n.33Humor out of Breath (Day), 184Hunter, G. K., 9, 27n.12, 32, 38, 130n.3Hus, Jan, 25, 228, 228n.9Hustler, 50n.59Hutchings, Geoffrey, 268Hutchings, Peter, 49n.58Hyde Park (Shirley), 116

Iconologia (Ripa), 106, 108Iliad (Homer), 261

inequality: See equalitySee also unfairness

inflation, monetary 7, 8, 94, 105, 143, 222, 274injustice 6, 12, 39, 42, 51, 143n.21, 144, 192, 197,

200, 208, 254, 268n.16and social class 126, 229, 237, 252

inner light, political implications 143, 195n.8, 252

Inner-Temple Masque, The (Middleton), 250n.35Insatiate Countess, The (Marston and

Barkstead), 107Institutes of the Christian Religion (Calvin), 142insurance 71, 103, 121, 121n.16, 259inventories of injury 220–22, 272–74investment diversification 121






Index 321

Iphigenia at Aulis (Euripides, trans. Erasmus), 132n.6

Ireton, Henry, 249–50Iron Age, The, Part 2 (Heywood), 55, 56, 57Irving, Henry, 268Isle of Gulls (Day), 184

Jack Bull, The, 17n.23Jack of Newberry (Deloney), 226n.3Jack Straw (anon.), 247–48Jackson, J. G. C., 62Jacobs, Henry E., 31Jacoby, Susan, 22n.1, 23n.3, 23n.4, 37Jael, 141, 148James I, King, 11n.17, 85n.3, 148, 163, 176, 180,

181, 181n.22, 182, 183, 184, 188, 190James II, King, 271James IV (Greene), 68James VI, King, 161James, Mervyn, 156n.42, 229Jayne, Allen, 37n.33Jed, Stephanie, 62Jefferson, Thomas, 272, 272n.2, 274

The Declaration of Independence, 254, 271, 272–74

Jesus Christ, 22, 25, 36, 40, 87, 88, 92, 110, 144, 179, 193, 195, 227, 251

Jew of Malta, The (Marlowe), 4, 11, 19, 63, 121n.17, 167

accounting terms used in, 62comedy in, 44financial revenge in, 86social equality in, 246and unchristian revenge, 30n.16, 32

Jews’ Tragedy, The (Hemming), 82–83, 221, 256Jezebel, 141, 145, 147, 213n.25Jocasta (Gascoigne and Kinwelmershe), 164–65John (New Testament), 144John, King, 198John the Baptist, 189Johnson, Robert Carl, 150n.33Jones, Richard, 87n.5Jonson, Ben, 43n.42, 203, 210

The Alchemist, 251n.35Eastward Ho, 180, 250n.35Epicoene, 68, 251n.35Sejanus, 130n.3Staple of News, 85n.2, 251n.35Volpone, 106n.1, 210

Jorgensen, Paul, 6n.8, 50Jovial Crew, or The Devil turned Ranter

(Sheppard), 204–05, 250n.35judicial corruption, see corruptionjudicial system, 9, 90–91

revenge as twin to 90, 104Judith, 141

Jules César (Grévin), 161Julius Caesar, 138, 139n.16, 163n.54, 207, 217,

219Julius Caesar (Muret), 161Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), 126, 139n.16, 166Just General (Manuche), 202n.14just price 12–14, 13n18, 14n.19, 377justice, 15, 26, 106–08, 107n.2, 108n.4, 111–12,

115, 123–24, 126, 221, 256–57, 260, 261, 262

and Christianity, 107–08corruption of, in drama, 108–11in The Spanish Tragedy, 123–26See also equalitySee also fairnessSee also legal systemSee also unfairness

Justice upon the Army Remonstrance (Sedgwick), 193–94

Justinian, 168Justitia, 106, 107n.2, 108, 108n.4, 111–15, 123,

124, 126, 256, 257, 260, 261, 262See also Fortuna

Jütte, Robert, 7n.12

Karpinski, Louis Charles, 92Kawachi, Yoshiko, 4n.4Keefer, Michael, 180Kerrigan, John, 24n.6, 47, 50, 51, 75, 85, 85n.2,

87, 88, 170n.6, 220n.31Kett, Robert, 233n.17, 270Keyishian, Harry, 3, 6, 23, 23n.4Kiefer, Frederick, 111, 113, 114, 114n.11, 115Kill Bill, 49n.58Killigrew, Thomas:

Bellamira her Dream, Part I, 213, 214Bellamira her Dream, Part 2, 213Cicilia and Clorinda, Part 1, 213–14Cicilia and Clorinda, Part 2, 213The Pilgrim, 213Thomaso, Part 1, 213Thomaso, Part 2, 213

Killing No Murder (Sexby), 206–08King, Dr. Martin Luther, 274King and No King, A (Beaumont and Fletcher),

181, 183King and the Subject, The (Massinger), 182King John (Shakespeare), 268King Lear (Shakespeare), 6, 12, 90, 175n.11,

175n.12accounting terms used in, 71–74, 257filial duty in, 91, 92madness in, 43resistance in, 175social equality in, 263–66, 268, 269, 270undeserved punishment in, 39






Index322

King Leir (anon.), 91Kinwelmershe, Francis: Jocasta, 164–65Kiss, Attila, 38Kissel, Otto, 111n.9Klassen, Peter James, 149, 227, 227n.6, 228n.8Knoppers, Laura Lunger, 191Knowles, Ronald, 236n.22Knox, John, 143n.21, 144, 146n.25, 146n.26, 149,

154, 156, 157, 159, 163, 168n.1, 174, 179, 192, 227, 274

An Answer to a Great Number of Blasphemous Cavillations written by an Anabaptist, 230–31, 231n.14

The Appellation of John Knox from the Cruel and Most Injust sentence pronounced against him by the false bishops and clergy of Scotland, 147

The First Blast of the Trumpet against the Monstrous Regiment of Women, 146–47, 162n.51, 169

Kott, Jan, 73n.18Kronenfeld, Judith, 228n.8Kunzle, David, 85Kyd, Thomas, 30n.17, 43n.42, 179–80, 274

The Spanish Tragedy, 3, 3n.1, 4, 4n.4, 4n.5, 5, 8, 9, 9n.15, 11, 11n.17, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 26, 39n.36, 63, 83, 95, 105, 130, 130n.3, 137n.14, 167, 191, 220, 222, 232

See also Spanish Tragedy, The

Laird, David, 124n.23Lambarde, William: Archaionomia, 259n.7Lambert, John, 210Lancashire, Anne, 24, 49, 175n.13Languet, Hubert, 274

Vindiciae contra Tyrannos, 168–69, 178, 189

Larkin, James F., 148Latimer, Hugh, 147, 150Laud, Archbishop, 208n.20Law Tricks (Day), 184Lawless, Donald S., 183Leedham-Green, Elisabeth, 162LeFever, Raoul: Recuyell of the Historyes of Troy,

53n.64legal system:

and Christianity, 89–91and condign revenge, 40corruption of, 11and debt, 89–91harshness of, 9–10, 9n.15, 90litigious nature of, 12, 89–91and unfairness, 10–12, 106See also justiceSee also equality, social

See also equitySee also unfairness

legal unfairness 12See also judicial corruption

Leicester, earl of, 162, 162n.52, 169n.5, 185n.31Leicester’s Commonwealth (anon.), 169n.5Leigh, Valentine: The Most Profitable and

Commendable Science of Surveying, 71Leinwand, Theodore B., 8n.13, 103, 104Leonard, E. M., 10Levelers 214, 252, 252n.37leveling, social 19, 222, 225, 227, 228, 230, 233,

247, 250, 252, 252n.37, 255, 257, 259, 260, 260n.8

Lever, J. W., 27n.12, 48, 138, 172, 189Lever, Thomas, 87Levin, Michael Henry, 25, 31, 170n.6Levinson, Stephen, 100–01, 102Lewinski, Monica, 185Lewis, C. S., 130n.2, 230Lewis, Cynthia, 65n.7Lex Mercatoria (Malynes), 254, 255Leyden, John, 231, 248Libation Bearers (Aeschylus), 52, 57Liberty and Prodigality (anon.), 5Life of Sir Philip Sidney, The (Greville), 184Limon, Jerzy, 183Linche, Richard, 114n.11Lindsay, Philip, 228Livy, 139n.16Lloyd, Michael, 125Locke, John, 271–72, 274

Second Treatise of Government, 272, 272n.3Lockyer, Robert, 200–01Locrine (anon.), 5n.6, 22–23, 114n.11, 124n.22,

254Londini Speculum (Heywood), 256Lord’s prayer commentaries 86–89lotteries 120–21Love’s Labor’s Lost (Shakespeare), 3n.2, 6, 70Lovelace, Richard, 218Lucan: Pharsalia, 139n.16, 172, 190, 191n.4Lucas, Scott, 154n.39Lucrece, 185, 186, 187Lupset, Thomas, 140Luther, Martin, 141, 169, 227, 228, 228n.8Lydgate, John: Troy Book, 53n.64, 54, 56,

213n.25Lyle, Helen M., 232n.17

Macbeth (Shakespeare), 55, 130n.3, 158comedy in, 44lack of divine justice in, 39therapeutic revenge in, 23

MacCulloch, Diarmaid, 229






Index 323

Machiavelli, 113, 206, 266Mack, Maynard, 37MacNeill, Duncan, 157, 158, 170Madan, Francis Falconer, 198madness, 29n.33, 42–44, 42n.41, 43n.42,

43n.43, 44n.44, 54, 56, 56n.68, 57, 110n.7, 124, 133–34, 173, 179

in Orestes story, 43, 54, 56, 57magistrates, lesser 20, 139n.17, 141, 143, 143n.21,

144, 147, 154n.39, 154–55, 165n.58, 170, 170n.6, 195

Magnificence (Skelton), 34, 111n.8Magnusson, Lynne, 243Maid’s Revenge, The (Shirley), 44Maid’s Tragedy, The (Beaumont and Fletcher),

4n.4, 4n.5, 176n.15, 179, 181, 183, 188n.33Maintenance of Free Trade, The (Malynes), 81,

81n.27, 82Maitland, Thomas, 157–59Malcolm X, 274Malcontent, The (Marston), 19n.25Malynes, Gerard de, 8, 12, 13, 13n.18, 81, 113

Canker of England’s Common Wealth, The, 74n.23, 232n.16, 255

The Center of the Circle of Commerce, 81n.26, 81n.27, 82

Lex Mercatoria, 254, 255The Maintenance of Free Trade, 81, 81n.27, 82

Man in the Moon, The, 203n.16Manifest Detection of Dice-play, A (Walker), 116Manuche, Cosmo, 202n.14

Just General, 202n.14market, instability and uncertainty of 7–8,

14–15, 53, 68, 112–13, 126, 260Markham, Gervase, 6

Herod and Antipater, 159Marlowe, Christopher, 68–69, 179–80, 274

Doctor Faustus, 44, 70, 180Edward II, 171–72“Hero and Leander,” 180The Jew of Malta, 4, 11, 19, 63, 121n.17, 167The Massacre at Paris, 172Tamburlaine, 44, 47, 126, 172, 210See also specific works

Marotti, Arthur, 6, 112Marsh, Thomas, 153n.38, 229Marshall, Cynthia, 25Marston, John, 24n.6, 274

Antonio’s Revenge, 3n.1, 4n.4, 4n.5, 5, 18, 24n.6, 31n.19, 31n.22, 167, 246n.30, 276

The Dutch Courtesan, 250n.35Eastward Ho, 180, 250n.35The Insatiate Countess, 107The Malcontent, 19n.25See also Antonio’s Revenge

Marti, Marcus, 61martyrs and martyrdom 25–26, 25n.9, 48–50,

49n.57, 144–45, 169, 222n.34Marx, Karl, 70n.16Mary, Queen of Scots, 157, 159, 161, 179, 185Mary Tudor, Queen, 36, 131n.4, 132, 137, 138,

140, 141, 144, 146, 147, 149, 150, 153, 154, 154n.39, 155, 162, 164, 179, 181, 182, 184, 188, 222

Masaniello, 212n.24Mason, John, 14Mason, Roger A., 143n.21, 147, 149, 157, 158,

158n.46, 159, 161, 163, 163n.53, 168, 179Massacre at Paris, The (Marlowe), 172Massinger, Philip, 182–83, 274

Believe as You List, 182, 201The Bondman, 182The Double Marriage, 23n.5, 181, 182, 182n.24,

247The Duke of Milan, 4n.5, 19, 30, 182, 185, 271The Fatal Dowry, 247n.31The King and the Subject, 182A New Way to Pay Old Debts, 182The Roman Actor, 182, 201Sir John Van Olden Barnavelt, 181, 183n.26The Tyrant, 201The Unnatural Combat, 33See also Duke of Milan, The

Mather, Cotton, 272Maus, Katherine, 38n.34, 258Mayer, T. F., 140McMillin, Scott, 125McMullan, Gordon, 182McRae, Andrew, 11n.17Measure for Measure (Shakespeare), 109–10, 256Medea (Buchanan), 159Medea (Seneca, trans. Studley), 130, 130n.3, 131,

132n.6, 153, 154, 164tyranny in, 136–37

Medici, Alessandro de, 184Medley, William, 251Medwall, Henry: Fulgens and Lucrece, 262–63Melanchthon, Philipp, 139n.17, 141, 228n.8Mellis, John, 63, 63n.4, 71, 74

How to Keep Books of Accounts after the Order of Debitor and Creditor, 65, 255

Mendoza, Bernardino de, 150Mercer, Peter, 5, 19, 19n.24, 24n.6, 30n.15, 37,

38, 48, 125, 240Merchant of Venice, The (Shakespeare), 4n.4,

4n.5, 10, 14n.19, 19, 68, 80, 109n.6, 118, 120n.15, 121, 121n.17, 245

accounting terms used in, 70debt in, 89–90, 92, 96–105social equality in, 263–68, 269, 270






Index324

Mercurius Melancholicus (pseudo.): Crafty Cromwell, or Oliver Ordering our New State, 203

Mercury, 111, 111n.10merit, unrewarded, 7–8metadrama, 50–51Metzger, Bruce M., 86n.4Michelangelo, 138, 184Middleton, Edward, 184Middleton, Thomas, 183–84, 274

The Changeling, 68, 202, 202n.15A Chaste Maid in Cheapside, 68A Game at Chess, 183, 184Hengist, King of Kent, 184The Inner-Temple Masque, 250n.35The Nice Valor, 116The Revenger’s Tragedy, 4, 4n.5, 11, 12, 19,

19n.24, 25n.8, 26, 31n.20, 44n.45, 84, 95, 126, 138, 143, 167, 176, 183, 185, 252, 275–76

A Trick to Catch the Old One, 68The Widow, 250n.35Women Beware Women, 4, 10, 19, 24, 95, 167,

179, 183, 185, 256See also specific works

Midsummer Night’s Dream, A (Shakespeare), 238, 262

Miller, Keith D., 274Milles, Thomas, 14, 81, 81n.25,

260–61Milton, John, 188, 274

Eikonoklastes, 198Paradise Lost, 19n.25, 189Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, 195, 195n.8,

218Miola, Robert, 33n.25, 38, 130n.3, 174Mirandola, Pico della, 257Mirror for Magistrates, A (Baldwin), 114,

153n.38, 154–57, 162, 190, 231–32Mirza (Baron), 214–15Misfortunes of Arthur, The (Hughes et al.),

137n.14Misselden, Edward, 8, 15, 74

The Circle of Commerce, or the Balance of Trade, in Defense of Free Trade, 81n.26, 82

Free Trade or the Means to Make Trade Flourish, 81

money:See debtSee economics

monopolies 8, 118, 180, 182, 191, 200, 220Monsieur D’Olive (Chapman), 180Montaigne, Michel de, 41morality and revenge 3, 5, 11n.17, 21n.26, 23,

24n.6, 24n.7, 28–32, 30n.15, 30n.16,

30n.19, 31n.20, 38, 42, 42n.40, 46, 47n.53, 50, 52, 54, 134, 168n.2

More, Sir Thomas, 129, 140, 140n.19, 150, 153, 161, 186

The Confutation of Tyndale’s Answer, 140Utopia, 10, 229–30, 232n.16

Mornay, Philippe du Plessis, 274Vindiciae contra Tyrannos, 168–69, 178, 189

Moses, 207Most Profitable and Commendable Science of

Surveying, The (Leigh), 71Much Ado About Nothing (Shakespeare), 11, 105Muir, Edward, 5n.7, 27n.12, 41, 50, 61, 62, 71,

84, 213n.25, 226, 235Mulcaire, Terry, 15Muldrew, Craig, 8n.12, 11, 13, 84, 89, 95, 104Mulleases the Turk (Mason), 4n.5, 61, 106

balanced revenge in, 75, 83parody in, 45–46

Mun, Thomas, 81Discourse of Trade, 82

Müntzer, Thomas, 227, 228, 229, 231, 257Murder of Gonzago, The, 188n.34Muret, Marc-Antoine: Julius Caesar, 161Murphy, Stephen, 85n.2Muses’ Threnody (Adamson), 56n.68Mustapha (Greville), 184

Naboth, 147Nash, Thomas: The Unfortunate Traveler, 231Nedham, Marchamont (probable author): A

Plea for the King and Kingdom, by way of Answer to the late Remonstrance of the Army, 197–98

Neill, Michael, 21n.27, 49n.56, 265n.11Nero, 139, 141, 143, 152, 158, 163, 169n.5, 176,

185n.31, 195, 210Neville, Alexander, 114, 131n.5, 151–52, 162new historicism 31–32New Way to Pay Old Debts, A (Massinger), 182Newman, Arthur, 112New-Market Fair, or A Parliament Out-cry of

State Commodities (Crouch, probable author), 203, 204

Newstead, Christopher, 112Newton, Thomas, 131, 132n.8, 153, 162Nice Valor, The (Middleton), 116Niclaes, Henrik, 227n.7Nicomachean Ethics (Aristotle), 40–41, 107,

259–60Noonan, John T., Jr., 12, 14Norbrook, David, 139n.16, 190Norfolk’s Furies, or a View of Ket’s Camp

(Neville), 151, 229, 270North, Thomas, 163n.54Northbrook, John, 116, 120






Index 325

Norton, Thomas: Gorboduc, 168n.1Nuce, Thomas, 131, 152, 162, 164numbers and numericity 67–71, 69n.15, 73n.18,

249–50, 254–55, 257–60, 258n.5numeric equivalence in revenge 61

obligation 85–86, 85n.2, 89, 91–93, 96, 102, 105, 122

O’Brien, Mark, 232n.17O’Day, Rosemary, 67Octavia (Seneca, trans. Nuce), 131, 153, 162, 164

tyranny in, 135–36Octavius, 219Oedipus (Seneca, trans. Neville), 114, 131, 136,

153tyranny in, 134–35

Okey, John: The Humble Petition of Several Colonels of the Army, 205, 274

Oldcastle, Hugh, 25, 63, 63n.4Ore, Oystein, 62n.3Orestes (Euripides), 32, 52, 54–55Orestes (Goffe), 24, 29, 30, 40, 52n.62, 55, 56–57,

58Orestes story, 37, 52–58, 172, 203

madness in, 43, 54, 56, 57, 96as test case for revenge plots, 52–58vigilantism in, 58

Orgula (Willan), 44n.44Ornstein, Robert, 30n.19, 31n.20, 110Othello (Shakespeare), 4n.4, 4n.5, 6, 19

accounting terms used in, 65, 65n.9, 66, 70betting in, 116condign punishment in, 51and Fortuna, 113justice in, 106resistance in, 145n.23social equality in, 240–46, 263–66, 268–69,

270undeserved punishment in, 39

Overton, Richard: Canterbury His Change of Diet, 208n.20

P., H., 211Pacioli, Luca, 15, 63, 258

De divina proportione, 68Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria,

Proportioni et Proportionalita, 67–68, 115n.12

Paine, Thomas, 272Painter, William: The Palace of Pleasure, 20Palace of Pleasure, The (Painter), 20parody 24n.6, 43, 44, 45, 55, 213Pallingenius, Marcellus: The Zodiac of Life,

56n.67Palliser, David M., 8n.12, 14Paradise Lost (Milton), 19n.25

Parker, Matthew, 145, 259n.7Parker, Robert, 51Parsons, Robert, 25, 146, 150, 169–70, 179

Certain Reasons why Catholics Refuse to Go to Church, 169

A Conference about the Next Succession to the Crown of England, 169

Epistle of the Persecution of Catholics in England, 169

A Treatise of Three Conversions of England from Paganism to Christian Religion, 169n.5

Patch, Howard R., 115Pathway to Knowledge (Recorde), 71n.17Patterson, Annabel, 151n.36, 175n.12, 181, 182,

233n.17Paul, St., 149, 180, 198Peardon, Barbara, 141, 142n.20, 252Pears, S. A., 168Pechter, Edward, 30n.18, 268Peck, Linda Levy, 8n.14, 85n.2Peddler’s Prophecy, The (anon.), 109n.5Peele, George:

The Battle of Alcazar, 5n.6, 114n.11, 124n.22David and Bethsabe, 37–38, 70Edward I, 69, 70

Peele, James, 69How to Keep a Perfect Reckoning after the …

Account of Debitor and Creditor, 65, 257Peend, Thomas, 55Pelops and Hippodamia (Grove), 56n.67Peltonen, Markku, 139n.16, 158, 182Pembroke, earl of, 188n.35Percy, William: Sonnets to the Fairest Coelia, 112Perkins, William, 87, 117, 149n.30

Epieikeia, 35n.30An Exposition of the Lord’s Prayer, 88, 89, 90The Whole Treatise of the Cases of Conscience,

120Perng, Ching-hsi, 100n.17Petegorsky, David W., 205n.17, 209Peter, John, 24n.6Peter, St., 144, 149Peters, Hugh, 209, 210Pettegree, Andrew, 148n.28, 228n.8Petty, Sir William, 70n.16Pharsalia (Lucan), 139n.16, 172, 190, 191n.4Philaster (Beaumont and Fletcher), 181, 183Philip II, King, 170, 222Phillip[s], John, 262Phillips, J. E., 146n.26, 162, 162n.52Piccolomini, Manfredi, 129, 138, 139Pickering, John: Horestes, 55, 57–58, 165Pilgrim, The (Killigrew), 213Piroyansky, Danna, 25n.9Plato, 13n.18, 40, 50, 171, 185, 206, 258n.5






Index326

Plea for the King and Kingdom, by way of Answer to the late Remonstrance of the Army, A (Nedham, probable author), 197–98

Plutarch, 111Pole, Reginald, 139, 140, 150Poley, Robert, 180Pompey, 139n.16Ponet, John, 10, 17, 25, 36, 135n.9, 140–43, 144,

145, 146, 147, 148, 148n.27, 149, 154, 156, 159, 163, 168n.1, 174, 188n.35, 252, 274

A Short Treatise of Politic Power, and of the True Obedience which Subjects Owe to Kings, 141–43, 185, 189, 251, 272

Poole, Kristen, 148n.29Poovey, Mary, 16, 68, 70, 258Pope, Alexander, 70Poppea, 210Potter, Lois, 201, 212n.22, 269Powell, Thomas, 153predestination 37, 37n.33, 231n.14, 252Preston, Thomas: Cambyses, 108–10, 165, 171n.7primogeniture 18, 230Prince, Stephen. 49n.58Procter, Thomas: A Gorgeous Gallery of Gallant

Inventions, 112pronouns as class markers 98–100, 244–46,

245n.29, 250proportion 13, 16n.20, 18, 20n.26, 68, 71n.17,

88, 92, 255, 259–60, 260n.8, 272n.2Prosser, Eleanor, 5, 16, 17n.22, 22, 24n.6, 29,

29n.14, 30n.15, 30n.16, 31n.21, 31n.22, 37n.32, 46, 47n.53, 49, 168n.1

Prynne, William, 208Histriomastix, 35

Pseudo-Martyr (Donne), 151n.34Pugliatti, Paola, 234n.19punishment:

capital, 9–10condign, 6, 17–18, 36, 40, 51, 53, 61, 133, 194,

196, 197, 208n.19, 213, 256, 275fairness of, 84harsh, 90monetary terms applied to, 10–12of tyrants, 141–49undeserved, 7, 9–10, 37, 39–40, 112

Puritan, The (anon.), 92Puttenham, George: Art of English Poesy, 69

quantification 57, 70–74, 74n.22, 87, 254, 256–61

radicalism 9n.15, 19, 20n.26, 31, 36, 37, 129n.1, 131n.4, 140, 141, 143, 147, 148, 149n.29, 149, 154, 163, 168, 179, 180, 187n.32, 188, 189,

190, 192n.6, 195, 200, 201, 205n.17, 214, 218, 222, 227, 228, 230, 231n.14, 235n.20, 247, 248–52, 252n.37, 258, 261n.10, 269, 270, 272

Raheja, Gloria Goodwin, 85Rainborough, Colonel Thomas, 200, 209,

249–50Rainolds, John, 17, 30n.16, 34, 188n.34Raleigh, Sir Walter, 7n.10, 117, 129, 180Randall, Dale B. J., 181, 189, 201, 212, 214,

215n.27, 219Randolph, Thomas, 163n.53rape, 9, 9n.15, 11, 37, 48, 48n.55, 49, 135, 167

in Hercules Furens, 133in Titus Andronicus, 9, 44, 50, 167, 187and tyranny, 185–88in Valentinian, 26, 185

Rape of Lucrece, The (Heywood), 41Rape of Lucrece, The (Shakespeare), 3n.2, 116Rappaport, Steve, 14Rastell, William, 153Ratliff, John D., 30n.17, 124–25Rawlins, Thomas: The Rebellion, 4Rebellion, The (Rawlins), 4, 44n.44, 48n.55,

50n.60Rebellion of Naples, or the Tragedy of Massenello,

The (T. B.), 212–13, 221, 273reckoning schools 67recoil 24n.7, 196–97, 199, 275–76Recoil of Ill-cast and Ill-charged Ordinances

(anon.), 196–97, 199Recorde, Robert, 69, 113

The Ground of Arts, 67n.12The Pathway to Knowledge, 71n.17The Whetstone of Wit, 65, 67, 254, 254n.1

Recuyell of the Historyes of Troy (LeFever), 53n.64

Rees, B. R., 130n.2regicide: 5, 145–47, 159, 168, 176, 179, 181, 188,

188n.33, 189–222Reidemann, Peter, 228Remonstrance of His Excellency Thomas Lord

Fairfax, Lord General of the Parliament’s Forces, and of the General Council of Officers (the Army Remonstrance), 191–92, 193–94, 195, 196, 197

Remonstrance of the State of the Kingdom, A, (the Grand Remonstrance), 191, 192, 220, 273

Report of the Royal Commission on Exchanges, 74n.23

republicanism 138–39, 139n.16, 139n.17, 158, 166, 174, 177, 178, 178n.18, 189, 189n.1, 190, 199, 209, 231–32, 252, 262–63

Rerum Scoticarum Historia (Buchanan), 158n.46






Index 327

resistance: to Christian dogma, 36–40, 179–80covenantal theory in 147, 191–92and playwrights, 179–85private law argument in146 and tragedy, 161–66writing, 129, 129n.1writing, of the Civil War era, 191–222writing, early Tudor, 131–66, 168–70writing, later Tudor, 170–88writing, secular, 154–61

Resnik, Judith, 107, 108, 109n.4, 111n.9, 261Resolving of Conscience, upon this question,

whether … [if a king] is bent or seduced to subvert religion, laws, and liberties, subjects may take arms and resist? and whether that case be now? (Ferne), 191n.5

revenge: and algebra 62ancient roots 51aristocratic nature of 19, 41, 41n.39, 85, 86,

213–14and bookkeeping 61–83as brutalizing 23and civic humanism 41and closure 23as debt 84–85definitions 20–21excessive, 16, 84and Greek and Roman philosophy 40–41and homeopathic cures 51and Judaeo-Christian belief 25, 29–40, 82,

124–25, 252–53and laughter 44, 48modern disapproval of 3morality of 30–32opposed by Tudors 16–17prevalence of in plays 5psychological damage caused by 22as redress for the dispossessed 19and revival of classical literature 52spectator response to 30therapeutic benefits of 22–23as a weapon of the weak 18–19, 122, 265, 269

Revenge for Honor (Glapthorne), 4n.5, 17n.23, 43death of revenger in, 26resistance in, 217–18

Revenge of Bussy d’Ambois, The (Chapman), 6, 19, 24, 31n.19, 39n.36, 41, 96, 126, 167, 168, 251

resistance in, 177–78, 180social equality in, 246, 255

revenge plays: accounting language in 62bookkeeping practices in 75–80

popularity of, 4prominence in Shakespeare canon 80vendetta vs. individual grievance types

26–29, 62, 165revenge tragedy:

and the comic 42–48as displacement of prayers for the dead 21as a genre 5madness in 42–44and morality 47and parody 45political orientation of 31

revenger: accounting terms used by, 61–62, 70–71,

75–80, 82–83, 84, 222against Christianity, 36–40agency of, 32confidants of, 96death of, 23–26and Fortuna, 113–15madness of, 42–44required to die, 23–25sympathy for, 30–32

Revenger’s Tragedy, The (Middleton), 4, 4n.5, 11, 12, 19, 19n.24, 25n.8, 26, 31n.20, 44n.45, 84, 95, 126, 138, 143, 167, 176, 183, 185, 252, 275–76

accounting terms used in, 71balanced revenge in, 75, 83death of revenger in, 23–24madness in, 43metadrama in, 50parody in, 45–46social equality in, 265, 265n.11tyrannicide in, 168, 179tyranny in, 130, 165and unchristian revenge, 32, 33

reward: definition of, 10n.16monetary terms applied to, 10–12salvation as, 36in The Spanish Tragedy, 123unfairness of, 84unmerited, 7–8, 37, 112

Rhetoric (Aristotle), 40Richard II, King, 141, 165Richard II (Shakespeare), 155, 165, 165n.58Richard III, King, 186, 209Richard III (Shakespeare), 19, 23, 80, 123n.21,

130n.3, 155balanced revenge in, 75–76, 77, 79, 80comedy in, 275curses in, 28, 78, 79lack of divine justice in, 39Margaret in, 28, 75–76






Index328

regicide in, 168resistance in, 174tyranny in, 174as vendetta play, 28–29, 174

Richards, Nathanael, 4Ridley, Nicholas, 147, 150Ripa, Cesare: Iconologia, 106, 108risk 8n.13, 94, 101–02, 103, 112, 113, 115n.12, 116,

118–19, 121–22Rist, Thomas, 21n.27Roberts, Lewes, 67Rogers, Daniel, 163n.53Roman Actor, The (Massinger), 182, 201Roman de Troy (Sainte-Maure), 53n.64Romans 12:19, 21, 30, 34, 36, 124, 198, 276Romeo and Juliet (Shakespeare), 4n.5, 39, 226Ross, Alexander, 250Rowlands, Samuel: Hell’s Broke Loose, 231, 248Rowley, William: The Changeling, 68, 202,

202n.15royalist revenge plays of Civil War era:

full-length 209–18short 201–05

Rubinstein, Nicolai, 107Rumbold, Richard, 271, 272Rump, The (Tatham), 217n.28Rushdie, Salman, 129

S. S.: The Honest Lawyer, 89Sackville, Thomas: Gorboduc, 168n.1sacrificial atonement 37, 40n.37, 87, 88Sainte-Maure, Benoît de: Roman de Troy,

53n.64Salisbury, John of, 129n.1Salmon, Eric, 217n.28Sampson, Joyce, 194Samson, 207, 208Samuel, 208Sanderson, Robert, 118Sardanapalus, 141, 185n.31satire 47, 183, 217n.28satisfaction 18, 19n.24, 21n.26, 23–24, 26–28,

40, 47, 54, 56, 78, 81, 82, 87, 88, 93, 94, 96, 97n.14, 125n.24, 137n.14, 176, 192, 199, 199n.12, 200, 208, 240, 249n.33

Saul, 145Saunders, Thomas: The Humble Petition of

Several Colonels of the Army, 205, 274Savorgnan, Antonio, 226scales for balance 65n.8, 106–08, 107n.2,

108n.4, 111, 115, 228n.8, 256, 258, 261–62Schaff, Philip, 92Schoenbaum, Samuel, 176n.14, 183n.27Schöne, Albrecht, 111n.9

Sconce, Jeffrey, 49n.58Scott, James, 18, 265Scott, William: An Essay on Drapery, 254Second Maiden’s Tragedy, The (anon.), 24, 26,

49, 167, 175–76, 180n.21, 181, 186Second Part of King Edward the Fourth, The

(Heywood), 18Second Part of The Tragicomedy, called New-

Market Fair, The (Crouch, probable author), 203–04

Second Treatise of Government (Locke), 272, 272n.3

Second View of the Army Remonstrance, A (Sedgwick), 194

Sedgwick, William, 26, 26n.11, 34Justice upon the Army Remonstrance, 193–94A Second View of the Army Remonstrance, 194

Sejanus (Jonson), 130n.3Seneca, 22, 32n.23, 41, 48n.54, 75, 111, 114, 125,

138, 152, 163, 165n.56, 166, 203, 241n.24Agamemnon, 11, 34, 52–53, 57, 130, 130n.3, 131,

152, 153, 164, 212n.22Hercules Furens, 130n.3, 131, 137, 153Hercules Oetaeus, 131, 153n.38Hippolytus, 30n.16, 131, 153n.38Medea, 130, 130n.3, 131, 153, 154, 164Octavia, 131, 153, 162, 164Oedipus, 114, 131, 153Thebais, 131, 153, 153n.38Thyestes, 16, 52, 57, 130n.3, 131, 153, 154,

159Troas, 131, 150, 153, 153n.38See also specific works

Senecan translations of 1550s-1560s, 131–38, 152–54

printers of, 153Senecan translators:

biographies of 149–52political connections of 162–63

sensationalism 3, 25, 42, 48–50, 49n.56, 49n.58, 130n.2, 166, 167, 168, 176, 185, 185n.30, 187, 187n.32, 188, 219, 270

Serious and Faithful Representation of the Judgments of Ministers of the Gospel within the Province of London, A, 192–93

Serious Manifesto and Declaration of the Anabaptists and Other Congregational Churches, A, 205n.17, 272

Sexby, Edward, 181n.22, 206, 208n.19, 214, 274Killing No Murder, 206–08

Shakespeare, William, 183, 203, 210, 274All’s Well that Ends Well, 126, 262Antony and Cleopatra, 10–11, 16n.20, 66n.10,

123

Richard III (Shakespeare) (cont.)






Index 329

As You Like It, 70, 112, 199The Comedy of Errors, 3n.2Coriolanus, 39, 102, 116, 248Cymbeline, 65, 116, 187Hamlet, 3, 3n.1, 4n.4, 4n.5, 5, 7n.10, 11,

11n.17, 15, 18, 19, 21, 51n.61, 95, 125, 130n.3, 133, 158, 159, 167, 168n.1, 178, 188n.34, 189, 213

Henry IV, Part 1, 11, 92Henry IV, Part 2, 68, 106Henry V, 69n.14, 80, 105, 111n.8, 181Henry VI, Part 1, 4n.4, 4n.5, 77, 80, 83,

124n.22, 136n.13Henry VI, Part 2, 4n.5, 17, 19, 80, 124n.22,

125, 165Henry VI, Part 3, 4n.5, 80, 84, 124n.22, 273Henry VIII, 110, 221n.32Julius Caesar, 126, 139n.16, 166King John, 268King Lear, 6, 12, 90Love’s Labor’s Lost, 3n.2, 6, 70Macbeth, 55, 130n.3, 158Measure for Measure, 109–10, 256The Merchant of Venice, 4n.4, 4n.5, 10,

14n.19, 19, 68, 80, 109n.6, 118, 120n.15, 121, 121n.17, 245

A Midsummer Night’s Dream, 238, 262Much Ado About Nothing, 11, 105Othello, 4n.4, 4n.5, 6, 19The Rape of Lucrece, 3n.2, 116Richard II, 155, 165, 165n.58Richard III, 19, 23, 80, 123n.21, 130n.3, 155Romeo and Juliet, 4n.5, 39, 226The Sonnets, 3n.2The Taming of the Shrew, 91n.9, 116The Tempest, 80, 104, 116, 148Timon of Athens, 7n.11, 92, 121Titus Andronicus, 3, 4n.5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9n.15,

11, 12, 15, 19, 23, 26, 80, 95, 109, 109n.6, 130n.3, 132n.7, 137, 158, 199, 218, 219, 219n.29, 251, 273

Twelfth Night, 3, 100n.16, 105The Two Noble Kinsmen, 3n.2The Winter’s Tale, 39, 110See also specific works

Sharp, Buchanan, 229Sharpe, J. A., 10Sheldon, Garrett Ward, 177n.17Shell, Marc, 70Sheppard, Samuel: Jovial Crew, or The Devil

turned Ranter, 204–05, 250n.35Shirley, James:

The Cardinal, 38, 40n.38, 43n.42, 44, 93, 126, 167, 201

Hyde Park, 116

The Maid’s Revenge, 44Shore, Jane, 186Short Treatise of Politic Power, and of the True

Obedience which Subjects Owe to Kings, A (Ponet), 141–43, 185, 189, 251, 272

Sibbett, Trevor, 121n.16Sidney, Sir Philip, 162, 162n.52, 163, 168,

178An Apology for Poetry, 39, 47, 161n.49, 161–62,

168Arcadia, 162

Sidney, Robert, 180Siemon, James R., 237Sigismund, King, 228n.9Simkin, Stevie, 202n.15Simmons, J. L., 276Simpson, A. W. B., 259, 259n.6Simpson, Percy, 23Sindercombe, Miles, 206Sinfield, Alan, 180Sir Giles Goosecap (Chapman), 250n.35Sir John Van Olden Barnavelt (Fletcher and

Massinger), 181, 183n.26Sir Thomas More (anon.), 182n.23Sir Thomas Wyatt (Webster), 184Sizka, John, 228n.9Skelton, John: Magnificence, 34, 111n.8skepticism, religious, in revenge plays 37–40,

135, 135n.11, 164, 179, 210, 252Skinner, Quentin, 25, 139, 139n.17, 141, 142, 143,

143n.21, 146, 147, 168n.4, 190, 207Smith, Bruce, 114, 132n.6Smith, D. E., 254Smith, Martin S., 143n.21, 147, 149, 157, 158,

158n.46, 159, 161, 163, 163n.53, 168Smith, Thomas, 8Smith, Sir Thomas: A Discourse of the

Commonweal of this Realm of England, 74n.23

Smith, Sir Thomas: De Republica Anglorum, 161n.50, 181n.22

Sodom and Gomorrah, 144soldier, neglected and unrewarded 7, 84, 135,

137, 190, 199, 247Somerset, duke of, 190sonnets:

economic language in, 112mistress, 112

Sonnets (Shakespeare), 3n.2accounting terms used in, 63, 65, 112

Sonnets to Delia (Daniel), 112Sonnets to the Fairest Coelia (Percy), 112Sophocles, 203

Electra, 24n.6, 52, 54, 57, 210–12, 213n.25Sotherton, Nicholas, 151, 151n.36






Index330

Spanish Tragedy, The (Kyd), 3, 3n.1, 4, 4n.4, 4n.5, 5, 8, 9, 9n.15, 11, 11n.17, 12, 15, 16, 18, 19, 26, 39n.36, 63, 83, 95, 105, 130, 130n.3, 137n.14, 167, 191, 220, 222, 232

accounting terms used in, 70comedy in, 44death of revenger in, 23, 26fair payment in, 61, 123–26, 258–59lack of divine justice in, 38madness in, 43, 43n.42martyrdom in, 25metadrama in, 50, 50n.60resistance in, 170, 179revenge partnership in, 96reward in, 123social inequality in, 237–40, 251therapeutic revenge in, 23and unchristian revenge, 29, 30, 30n.17,

31–33, 40Spearing, Evelyn, 130n.2, 131n.5, 152n.37Speed, John: The Theater of the Empire of Great

Britain, 121Spencer, Eric, 70n.16Spenser, Sir Edmund: The Faerie Queene,

7n.10, 56n.67, 228n.8Spivack, Charlotte, 180, 180n.21Sprinchorn, Evert, 117Staple of News (Jonson), 85n.2, 251n.35Stapleton, M. L., 130n.3, 136n.13Starkey, Thomas, 10, 148

A Dialogue between Reginald Pole and Thomas Lupset, 18, 140, 230

Stayer, James M., 227Stephens, John: Cynthia’s Revenge, 38, 179Steppat, Michael, 111, 113, 114n.11, 116stichomythia (rhetorical figure) 79, 275Stoll, E. E., 267Stoner, Jean, 67Stow, John, 141Strange, Susan, 115Straw, Jack, 228, 232n.17Strier, Richard, 175Strype, John, 145Studley, John, 34, 52, 53, 57, 130, 130n.3, 131, 152,

154, 162, 212Suarez, Francisco, 146Subject of Supremacy, The (anon.), 191n.5Suckling, Sir John, 203

Aglaura, 201Suffolk, duke of 156Sullivan, Garrett, 71n.17Summa de Arithmetica, Geometria, Proportioni

et Proportionalita (Pacioli), 67–68, 115n.12

Summa Theologiae (Aquinas), 35n.30Supple, Barry, 121n.16

Swetnam the Woman-hater Arraigned by Women (anon.), 110

Swift, Jonathan, 206symmetry, bilateral 15–16, 61, 74–80, 106, 164,

254, 257–58, 260, 272n.2

Tacitus, 206talionic chains 27n.13, 34, 49n.57, 54, 57, 95,

138n.15, 197, 217analogous to serial defaults on debt 95, 103

Tamburlaine (Marlowe), 44, 47, 126, 172, 210social equality in, 248, 248n.32

Taming of the Shrew, The (Shakespeare), 91n.9, 116

Tartaglia, Nicolò, 62n.3, 67Tatham, John:

The Distracted State, 215–17The Rump, 217n.28

Taylor, Gary, 183–84Taylor, Jeremy, 117, 118Taylor, John, 116Tempest, The (Shakespeare), 80, 104, 116, 148Tenure of Kings and Magistrates (Milton), 195,

195n.8, 218Theater of the Empire of Great Britain, The

(Speed), 121theaters, closing of 250theatricality and metatheatricality 50–51Thebais (Seneca, trans. Newton), 131, 153,

153n.38Thomas, Lord Cromwell (anon.). 4n.5, 86, 111n.8Thomaso, Part 1 (Killigrew), 213Thomaso, Part 2 (Killigrew), 213Thompson, William, 201, 220

England’s Standard Advanced in Oxfordshire, 220, 273

Thorndike, A. H., 5Three Proclamations Concerning the Lottery for

Virginia, 121n.19thunder and lightning as signs 33, 33n.26, 39,

143, 169, 241, 275–76Thyestes (Seneca, trans. Heywood), 16, 52, 57,

130n.3, 131, 153, 153n.38, 154, 159tyranny in, 132–33

Tide Tarrieth No Man (Wapull), 111Tierney, Brian, 129n.1Tillyard, E. M. W., 17, 31Times’ Whistle: Or A New Dance of Seven

Satyrs, The (Corbett), 56n.68Timon of Athens (Shakespeare), 7n.11, 92, 121Tipton, Alzada, 165n.58’Tis Pity She’s a Whore (Ford), 24Titus Andronicus (Shakespeare), 3, 4n.5, 6, 7, 8,

9, 9n.15, 11, 12, 15, 19, 23, 26, 80, 95, 109, 109n.6, 130n.3, 132n.7, 137, 158, 199, 218, 219, 219n.29, 251, 273






Index 331

comedy in, 48fair payment in, 61, 125, 258‘individual-grievance’ structure of, 27n.13,

165, 220–21madness in, 44martyrdom in, 49rape in, 9, 44, 50, 167, 187resistance in, 173–74tyrannicide in, 168tyranny in, 130, 173–74and unchristian revenge, 32unfairness in, 84

Tomkys, John, 87, 89, 90Tongiorgi Tomasi, Lucia, 85Tottel, Richard, 153Tourneur, Cyril:

The Atheist’s Tragedy, 4n.5, 19, 31, 31n.19, 31n.22, 32, 33, 33n.26, 106n.1, 123n.21, 167, 185, 186, 196

See also Atheist’s Tragedy, TheTragedy of Chabot, Admiral of France, The

(Chapman), 180Tragedy of Mariam, The (Cary), 159Tragedy of Philotas, The (Daniel), 178–79, 181Tragedy of Selimus, The (Greene), 91Tragedy of that Famous Roman Orator Marcus

Tullius Cicero (anon.), 218–20, 273Travails of Three English Brothers, The (Day),

184Treatise of Three Conversions of England from

Paganism to Christian Religion, A (Parsons), 169n.5

Trick to Catch the Old One, A (Middleton), 68Troas (Seneca, trans. Heywood), 131, 150,

150n.31, 153tyranny in, 134

Troia Brittanica (Heywood), 56n.68Troy Book (Lydgate), 53n.64, 54, 56, 213n.25True Tragedy of Richard III (anon.), 167Turberville, George: Epitaphs, Epigrams, Songs

and Sonnets, 56n.67Turner, J. G., 46n.49, 50, 185n.30, 212n.24Turner, Robert Y., 181Tuvil, Daniel, 30, 49Twelfth Night (Shakespeare), 3, 100n.16, 105

accounting terms used in, 65, 105Two Noble Kinsmen, The (Shakespeare), 3n.2Tyler, Wat, 228Tyndale, William, 140, 227Tyrannical-Government Anatomized

(Buchanan), 150n.31, 160n.48, 163, 189, 189n.1

tyrannicide 17, 139n.16, 144, 147, 148, 159, 163n.54, 165, 176

punishment of, 141–49in revenge tragedy, 170–79

in Senecan tragedy, 131–38sexual, 185–88

tyranny 16, 23n.5, 25, 26, 27n.12, 40n.38, 41, 47, 49, 106, 126, 129, 131–49, 150, 151, 152, 154–222, 231, 232, 234, 240n.23, 247, 248, 252, 263, 272–74

Tyrant, The (Massinger), 201

unfairness, 6, 22economic and legal, 10–12and forgiveness, 37and madness, 43political, 16–18revenge plays fueled by, 37of reward, 84social, 18–19See also equality, socialSee also equitySee also fairnessSee also justiceSee also legal system

Unforgiven, 16n.20Unfortunate Traveler, The (Nash), 231unlikes, treated in same mathematical

operation 67, 72, 257, 259, 260Unnatural Combat (Massinger), 33usury, 8, 8n.13, 65, 92, 102, 104, 112, 116, 118, 151

Elizabethan hatred of, 8in The Merchant of Venice, 102, 104procreative sex as, 65in The Spanish Tragedy, 123

Utopia (More), 10, 229–30, 232n.16

V for Vendetta, 49n.58vagrancy 10Valentinian (Fletcher), 7n.10, 18, 24, 181, 256

rape in, 26, 185resistance in, 176–77tyranny in, 176–77

Valiant Scot, The (J. W.), 86Vanita, Ruth, 268Vautrollier, Thomas, 163, 163n.54Vega, Lope de, 186vendetta 3, 16, 21, 26, 27, 27n.12, 29, 35, 49n.58,

50, 61, 62, 78n.24, 80, 113, 122, 124n.22, 165, 165n.57, 174, 197, 222, 226, 233, 235, 236

plays, 26–29, 62, 165in Romeo and Juliet, 50, 80, 112in Shakespeare’s history plays, 61–62,

78n.24, 165, 174, 233, 236vs. individual-grievance plays 26–29, 62,

165Venner, Thomas, 251venture capitalism 8, 115–16, 118–19vice figure 46, 46n.51, 83, 109, 111






Index332

vigilantism, 7, 41, 113, 143, 196, 207, 220and fair prices, 15in Orestes story, 58

vindication 21, 168, 192, 199n.12Vindication of the Army Remonstrance, A

(Collier), 194–95Vindiciae contra Tyrannos (Languet and

Mornay), 168–69, 178, 189Vision of the Twelve Goddesses (Daniel), 106Volpone (Jonson), 106n.1, 210

W., J.: The Valiant Scot, 86W., T., 118, 120Walker, Gilbert: A Manifest Detection of Dice-

play, 116Walker, Greg, 129, 131n.4, 140, 140n.18, 229n.11Walker, Simon, 25n.9Wallace, John M., 215n.27Walsingham, Sir Francis, 162, 163n.53Walter, John, 229Wapull, George: The Tide Tarrieth No Man, 111Warning for Fair Women (anon.), 4, 162n.51Wase, Christopher, 57, 210–12, 212n.23Watson, Foster, 67, 254n.1Watson, Lindsay, 19Watson, Robert, 21n.27weapons of the weak 18–19, 122, 265, 269Webster, John, 184–85, 189, 203, 274

Caesar’s Fall, 184Duchess of Malfi, The, 4n.5, 7n.11, 24, 93, 137,

184, 199Sir Thomas Wyatt, 184The White Devil, 110, 184, 247, 273See also Duchess of Malfi, The

Weightman, Roger C., 271Weimann, Robert, 46Wellspring of Sciences, The (Baker), 63Wentworth, William, 9n.15Wertheim, Albert, 214Wharton, T. F., 24n.6Wheeler, John, 81Whetstone of Wit, The (Recorde), 65, 67, 254,

254n.1White Devil, The (Webster), 110, 184, 247, 273Whitgift, Archbishop of Canterbury, 162, 163Whitney, Charles, 30n.16, 139n.16Whole Treatise of the Cases of Conscience, The

(Perkins), 120

Widman, John, 254n.1Widow, The (Middleton), 250n.35Widow’s Tears, The (Chapman), 180Wife for a Month, A (Fletcher), 181Wilkes, Gerald A., 184Wilks, Michael, 129n.1Willan, Leonard: Orgula, 44n.44William of Orange, 143n.21Williamson, Marilyn L., 120Wilson, Luke, 71, 101, 259, 259n.6Wilson, Thomas, 13, 103Winstanley, Gerard, 209, 248–49, 251, 257Winston, Jessica, 114, 131n.4, 151n.35, 154n.39,

155n.40, 156n.43Winter’s Tale, The (Shakespeare), 39, 110

madness in, 43undeserved punishment in, 39

Wizeman, William, S. J., 49n.57Wollman, David H., 141, 146Wolsey, Thomas, 129Women Beware Women (Middleton), 4, 10, 19,

24, 95, 167, 179, 183, 185, 256metadrama in, 50–51social equality in, 246–47

Wonderful Year, The (Dekker), 15Wood, Anthony à, 179Wood, Diana, 228Wood, H. Harvey, 24n.6Wood, Thomas, 117, 118Woodbridge, Linda, 46n.49, 67, 121n.18, 187Woodruff, C. E., 69Woolrych, Austin, 249n.34Woolton, John, 17Worden, Blair, 162, 176n.15, 187, 188n.35world-upside-down trope 85Wrightson, Keith, 226n.3Wyatt, Sir Thomas, 6, 141, 146, 154n.39

The Court of Venus, 112Wyclif, John, 129n.1, 143, 169, 228

xenophobia 81

Yamey, Basil S., 65n.8, 68, 111

Zimmerman, Susan, 49Zizka, Jan, 25Zodiac of Life, The (Pallingenius), 56n.67Zwingli, Ulrich, 139n.17, 228n.8






Documents

6 x 10.Long newassets.cambridge.org/97805218/84594/index/9780521884594...312 Index Apology for Actors, An (Heywood), 162n.51, 276n.4 Apology for Poetry, An (Sidney), 39, 47, 161n.49,