Describe Germany’s territorial losses in the

Treaty of Versailles.

6 mark ‘describe’ questions about the TOV

Describe the measures taken in the Treaty of Versailles to limit

German power.

You need 2 points (supported with factual detail) for 6 mark describe

questions. (a) Think of 2 points you could write

about for each question; (b) what factual detail you use to support

your points?

GERMANY REVISION SESSION 2 What you need to know about……

The Treaty of Versailles (June 1919) • What were the key terms of the TOV? • How did they have an impact on Germany?

The Occupation of the Ruhr (1923) and Hyperinflation (1923)

• What caused these? • What happened? • How did they effect Germany?

THE MILITARY AND FINANCIAL TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

THE TERRITORIAL TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

• Germany lost 13% of its land, containing approx 6 million people • Alsace Lorraine (iron rich) returned to France (it had been taken off

France by Germany in 1871) • The Saar (coal) was to be run by the League of Nations for 15 years,

after which time there would be a referendum so that the people of the Saar could decide whether they wanted to be German or French. During the 15 year period, France would be able to mine coal in the area.

• The Rhineland was to be demilitarised. (Germany was not allowed to put any soldiers or military bases or equipment in this area). It was also occupied by the Allies for 15 years.

• ‘The Polish corridor’ was carved out of Germany, giving Poland a coastline. This separated Germany in two.

• Colonies were confiscated and looked after by Britain and France on the behalf of the League of Nations.

THE TERRITORIAL TERMS OF THE TREATY OF VERSAILLES

Describe Germany’s territorial losses in the Treaty of Versailles.

6 mark ‘describe’ questions about the TOV

Describe the measures taken in the Treaty of Versailles to limit German

power. 1 Losses in the west • The Saar → League of

Nations • Alsace Lorraine → France 2 Losses in the east & overseas • Posen & the Polish Corridor

→ Poland • Germany’s colonies →

Britain & France on behalf of LON

1 Military restrictions • Army cut to 100,000 • No air force • Only 36 ships/6 battleships • No submarines

2 Economic and territorial measures • £6.6 billion in reparations • Resource rich areas lost eg.

Alsace Lorraine/Saar

Golden rules for Q 1(b) - 6 mark describe questions

1 Write 2 paragraphs based around 2 points which are backed up with factual detail…and no more than 2! 2 Start each paragraph with the wording of the question. One measure taken to limit German power was…… Another measure taken to limit German power

was….. 3 Link the end of each paragraph to the Q, if you think this is needed, eg. This limited German power because…..

MARK SCHEME for question 1(b) – 6 mark describe Qs

Level 1

1-3 Simple statement(s) – one mark per statement. • One simple statement = 1 mark • Two simple statements = 2 marks • Three simple statements = 3 marks

Level 2

4-6 Developed statement(s) – ie. a simple statement which is backed up with factual detail. • One developed statement = 4-5 marks • Two or more developed statements = 5-6 marks

Eg. One measure taken to limit German power was to cut their armed forces. The German army was restricted to a maximum of 100,000 men, and Germany was not allowed to have tanks or an air force. Their navy was reduced to only 6 battleships. This limited Germany’s power because they wouldn’t be able to attack other countries or fight another war in the future. Another measure taken to limit German power was to make Germany pay £6.6 billion in reparations and take away 13% of German land. For example, Alsace Lorraine, which was rich in iron ore, was given to France. Also, ……(further example). This would limit Germany’s power because it would prevent their economy from recovering quickly after the war. Germany wouldn’t be able to afford to make weapons or go to war in the near future = 6 marks

Where on the paper will you get a choice of which question to do?

RECOMMENDED TIMINGS

Q1a source question 5 mins

Q1b describe 5-10 mins

Q1c explain the effects of (results/impact) 10 mins

Q1d explain why (causes) 10 mins

Q2 explain how (change/impact) 10 mins

Q3 importance of different factors 25 mins

TOTAL—with 5 minutes to spare 1 hr 10 mins

CHOI

CE!

Choose EITHER 2a

OR 2b. Choose EITHER 3a

OR 3b.

Explain how the Treaty of Versailles affected Germany in the years up to 1924. (8 marks)

Writing frame: Explain how ……(CHANGE/IMPACT)

One way in which the TOV affected Germany was……(point). For example….(evidence/knowledge – be detailed!) This affected/had an impact on Germany because (explain & try to get across the overview/big picture/long term impact)…..

Another way in which ……(repeat the above) ← (if you have time!)

Conclusion – (for A* only) explain how your 2 points link

Explain how the Treaty of Versailles affected Germany in the years up to 1924. (8 marks)

One way in which the TOV affected Germany was that it caused economic collapse. For example, when Germany failed to keep up with its reparations payments the French invaded the Ruhr in 1923, in order to seize coal as payment in kind. France was allowed to do this under the Treaty. This meant that the German economy suffered as Germany was no longer able to export coal, yet it had to pay the strikers in order to keep the strike going. This situation led to the Weimar Republic printing money, causing hyperinflation. Many people, especially the middle classes, lost their savings, making them resent the government. The government became very unpopular. This unpopularity led to uprisings against the government, which was a second way in which the TOV affected Germany. For example, the Freikorps tried to seize power in the Kapp Putsch of 1920, and the Nazis in the Munich Putsch of 1923. These right wing groups felt that the Weimar Republic had ‘stabbed the army in the back’ by signing the Treaty. In particular, the Nazis felt Germany had been humiliated by the occupation of the Ruhr and they blamed the government for hyperinflation. These uprisings distracted the government from helping Germany to recover from the war, making Germany difficult to govern.

Can you use your knowledge of the Occupation of the Ruhr and hyperinflation to explain these pictures?

REVISION

Hands off the ruhr!

Reparations: You owe £6,600 m

Job

& benefit payments

Explain why the German economy faced problems in the years 1919-23. (8 marks)

Writing frame: Explain why……(CAUSE)

One reason why the Germany economy faced problems was……(point). For example….(evidence/knowledge – be detailed!) This caused problems because (explain, making sure you explain why your reason led to problems)…..

Another reason why……(repeat the above) ← (if you have time!)

Conclusion – (for A* only) explain how your 2 points link OR which of your 2 reasons was the most important cause of problems and why

Explain why the German economy faced problems in the years 1919-23. (8 marks)

One reason why the Germany economy faced problems was……(point) For example….(evidence/knowledge – be detailed!) This caused problems because (explain, making sure you explain why your reason led to problems)…..

Another reason why the Germany economy faced problems was……(point) For example….(evidence/knowledge – be detailed!) This caused problems because (explain, making sure you explain why your reason led to problems)…..

If you don’t finish your paragraph by linking the reason to the outcome, your answer will be stuck at a C grade max.

Explain why the German economy faced problems in the years 1919-23. (8 marks)

One reason why the German economy faced problems in the years 1919-23 was because of the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. For example, under the Treaty Germany lost valuable resources such as Alsace Lorraine, rich in iron ore, which was given to France. Germany also lost the coal rich Saar, which was to be ruled by the League of Nations for 15 years. During this time, France could mine in the Saar. This caused the economy problems because it meant Germany had little money with which to pay off the reparations, which were set at £6.6 billion. 6/8 marks (B grade)

THE EXAMINER SAYS…. • The answer is clearly

focused on the reasons why the economy faced problems, not telling the story of what happened to the economy

• The answer clearly links the cause (TOV taking land from Germany) to the outcome (economic problems) at the end. It explains why loss of land caused economic problems.

WARNING! Be very careful with dates specified in questions. Anything you write about events which occurred outside of the dates shown in the question will not be given marks! For example….. • Explain why the Treaty of Versailles created difficulties for the

German government in the years 1919-20. • Explain why Germany was difficult to govern in the years 1919–22. • Explain why the German economy faced problems in the years 1919-

23.

Why not take a highlighter into the exam with you, so you can highlight key terms, phrases and dates in the Q?