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6 Canadian Biomes (3.1)2.notebook
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May 28, 2015
6 Canadian Biomes (3.1)2.notebook
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May 28, 2015
6 Canadian Biomes (3.1)2.notebook
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Canadian Biomes
Ecosystems can be grouped into large categories called biomes.
Biome A collection of ecosystems that are similar or related to each other, usually in the type of plantlife they support.
In Canada, we have four main types of biomes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hIy0ZlyPPDg
6 Canadian Biomes (3.1)2.notebook
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The Tundra Biome
Canada's northernmost biome, the tundra, is like a cold desert.
Some characteristics of the tundra include:• Little percipitation (10 12 cm per year!)• Very harsh wind • Supports only a small number of organisms
Also, the tundra has a very short growing season. So, for plants to survive they must be able to grow quickly and seed before winter hits.
Plants must also deal with permafrost, a layer of soil that never thaws. Above the permafrost is another layer of soil called the active layer. The active layer thaws in the summer to allow for plant growth. Because of this permafrost, trees cannot grow in the tundra.
The colder it gets, the fewer things that are able to exist. So, in the higher areas of Canada, lichen and moss dominate. More southern areas would be able to grow grass and shrubs.
Decomposition is extremely slow in cold temperatures.
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Boreal Forest Biome
This biome can be found immediately south of the tundra. It is dominated by conifers (trees with needle shaped leaves). This biome is found in every province and makes up about 80% of the forested areas.
The boreal forest has rapidly changing temperatures, which gives it more precipitation than the tundra. The slightly higher temperature means that there is no permafrost in this biome.
A larger variety of species can grow and live in this biome.
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The Temperate Deciduous Forest Biome
South of the boreal forest, in Eastern and Central Canada, is the termperate deciduous forest biome, which is dominated by deciduous trees such as maple and oak.
The ecotone between the boreal and deciduous biomes are much more wide then that of the tundra and boreal biomes. Trees native of both biomes can be found in the same area.
The increase in temperature allows for faster decomposition. The organic matter from fallen leaves gives richer soil than that in the boreal forest.
The more sunlight that can reach the forest floor also allows a greater number of plants to grow, which can support a larger number of animals.
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The Grassland Biome
The grassland biome is at roughly the same latitudeas the deciduous forests. Because of this, the abiotic factors of the grassland are the same as those of the deciduous forests, with one main exception.
Grasslands recieve less moisture which means that there is not enough water to support trees, except near rivers lakes and ponds.
Where there is not a chance to have a variety of plants in this biome, there is less biodiversity than forest biomes.
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With the Handout
Tundra Boreal Forest
Deciduous Grasslands
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Questions in the Textbook
Pg. 93 #15, 8
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