5_ShamsulArrieya_UPSI

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Mobile learning application in Malaysian traditional batikShamsul Arrieya Ariffin and Vasantha Kumaari MuthanFaculty of Information Technology and Communication

University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Malaysia

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study is to evaluate the functionality of a mobilelearning application in learning the patterns and motifs of Malaysiantraditional batik. This application code name is M-Tik (Development of aMobile learning application in Traditional Malaysian patterns and motifs).

The functionality of the prototype was tested based on the selectedmobile device.

It was tested to the 20 University Pendidikan Sultan Idrisundergraduates students via the Beta Testing method and dataanalysis was carried out using the SPSS 12.0 software. At the end ofthe research, the researcher was able to create an effective andfunctional mobile learning application that can be used for displayingmedia content in Batik patterns and motifs. It is hoped that thedevelopment of this application will be used as a guideline to producemore learning aids that run in parallel with the changes in time.

Keywords: Mobile Learning , Batik


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INTRODUCTION

In Asia Pacific the Mobile User are increasing 1200 Millionspeople by the year 2010 (Adobe Systems Incorporated,2008).Among the fields that are gaining increased attentionand commercialization is the education field. Portable

technological development promotes the development ofMobile Learning which can be easily achieved by the anytimeand wherever. According to Douglas McConatha and MattPraul (2007), Mobile Learning, or M-learning as it is oftencalled as a relatively new tool in the pedagogical arsenal toassist students and teachers as they navigate the optionsavailable in the expanding world of distance learning.

Developer intends to design the M-Learning Application thatcan be used by anyone, anywhere and anytime. The field ofBatik has been chosen due to the increase its interest amonglearners specially the younger generation concerningtraditional art.


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PROBLEM STATEMENT

Most of Traditional Batik learning material are onlyavailable in certain places like the art gallery, libraryand selected stores. The limited resource on this

matter hinders the learning of Batik Traditional andalso caused this field to be less adored by many.

The number of Batik learning centre in our countryis also limited. These centres are mostly centralizedin the state of Terengganu and Kelantan. Limitedcentre settlements have proved to be an obstacle tolearners to pursue their learning process.


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OBJECTIVE

Develop and evaluate the M-Tik

mobile learning Prototype


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SIGNIFICANCE OF THE

PROJECT

This application is made as a sample to

generate other Mobile Learning Application.This applications criteria which were

developed based on design theory, learning

theory and Mobile Learning Application

feature, is part of an effort to produce aneffective learning environment.


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Scope of theP

roject

The scope of the project during this development was focusedon the Malaysian Traditional Batik Patterns and Motifs. Thecontent of the M-Tik focuses on the following:

History Malaysian Traditional Batik

Types of Traditional Batik Motif

Types of Traditional Batik Pattern

Samples of Malaysian Traditional Batik

Target users of this M-Tik mobile application are the students

who are learning Batik and University Pendidikan Sultan Idrisstudent who are interested to learn about Traditional Batik.


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MOBILE LEARNING (M-LEARNING)

According to Joe Pulichino, (2006) Mobile Learning is thelearning process that is based on a mobile device. MobileLearning is also part from e-Learning and distance learning.Mobile learning is an integration of mobile and wireless

computing technology to create an effective education. Thisstatement is supported by Sushil K. Sharma and Fred L.Kitchens (2005) that Mobile-learning is supported by mobiledevices, ubiquitous communications technology, andintelligent user interfaces. Mobile educations covers threedistinct but interconnected areas in which mobile device beimplemented: learning, teaching and administration. (Militiadis

D. Lytras & Ambjorn Naeve, 2007)


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Advantages of the M-Batik

Through the analysis, best product to be created is theinteractive content presentation. The few advantages of byusing this M-Tik as a learning tool are as listed below

It can be used anywhere anytime.

Most of mobile devices have lower prices than desktop PCs;

Smaller size and light in weight than desktop PCs;

Ensures bigger students' engagement to m-Learning as basedon modern technologies,

Students could use in everyday life

Using WAP technology the m-Learning can provide locationdependent education.(Tsvetozar Georgiev, EvgeniaGeorgieva, Angel Smrikarov, 2004).


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DESIGN METHODOLOGY

Developer had chosen the ADDIE methodologymodel as the development lifecycle to be used.

According to Michael Molenda (2003), Rossett

(1987), ADDIE is a linear model that need tocomplete each phase before proceeding to the nextphase. The caption ADDIE stands for Analysis,Design, Development, Implementation andEvaluation which describe the tasks during the

process (Michael Molenda, 2003). There are variesphases that can be given to the model, butdeveloper had selected the basic and the suitablephase for the development process.


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THE M-TIK DEVELOPMENT

The systematic and complete plan or development schedule isneeded to proceed the development of an effective andattractive Mobile learning application. This early preparationcan avoid problems in development process and can lead to

the creation of prefect, interactive and effective product whilemeeting the development objective. The five phase ofdevelopment, Analysis, Design, Development, Implemenationand Evaluation in the ADDIE are applied and implementedfollowed by time suquences as the figure below.DesignDevelopmentTestingMaintenanceAnalysis

Figure 1 : The ISD Model the ADDIE lifecycle


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DEVELOPER HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

Laptop with minimum specifications of : Duo Processor Intel CORE Hard disk 80GB 5400rpm Wdigital HDD Memory 512mb SDR PC133 Monitor 14 WXGA CrystalBrite LCD PS/2 Mouse

800W Multimedia Speaker USERS HARDWARE REQUIREMENT

Since this is a mobile application, minimum hardware requirement for users are the Flash Playerfacilities for mobile or PDA. The M-Tik is developed according to this specification of feature andcharacteristics.

DEVELOPER SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT

Microsoft Windows XP Professional Adobe Photoshop Macromedia Flash Professional 8 Flash Lite

The selected design principles such as visual elements, arrangement, alignment, contrast, balancingand consistency are applied to create the perfect and viewable interface (Micheal William, 1999).Beside that, the multimedia elements are also applied to create an effective information delivery anduser friendly interface.


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ConsistencyConsistency

No.ITEM

Response

4 3 2 1

Consistency:

1 The M-TikMain interface is representing the applications overall contents. 35%

(7)

40%

(8)

10%

(2)

15%

(3)

2 The shape, size and colorofthe letters are consistent. 10%

(7)

55%

(11)

35%

(2)

0%

(0)

3 The buttonsdesignisnotconsistentand relevant. 0%

(0)

10%

(2)

35%

(7)

55%

(11)

Table 2: Consistency


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Suggestions Although the researcher able to create an interactive and creative mobile

learning application but there is some elements need to be amended ortouchup to create a more effective application. The developer also can createand creative application by using the latest version software such as the FlashLite 4.0 or Adobe Flash CS which has more amount of features to edit, create

and manipulate the multimedia elements. The choose Flash Lite based application only can be played in the Flash Lite

player mobile. So, other mobile user cannot use it to the learning purpose. Itssuggested that other developers can use the Java programming language tocreate more easy accessible application.

The content of the Malaysian Traditional Batik Patterns and Motifs can beadded so that the learners can get the unlimited knowledge. Its is better if theapplication can be done in online approach that can be access in the website.

The problem of the limited space and capacity can be avoided if the creatingthe database based website but can be viewed in the mobile screen.


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Conclusion The knowledge of the pedagogy and product development skills are important

for a researcher to develop a prefect teaching and learning based tools. The

pedagogy knowledge can helps researcher to identify correct ways to deliver

the Teaching and Learning content. Meanwhile the product developmentskills, such as knowledge of programming language of Java script, HTML and

Action Script can help them to develop the prefect Teaching and Learning

tools.

To develop the technology based teaching and learning based tools such as

m-learning researcher must always alert with latest technology method and

skills. The research has enabled the successful production of m-learning

application for education purpose. This can be proof from the productevaluation finding.

However the widespread of usage still remain as a doubt as users capable to

own mobile with the selected features that can play the application properly.

Researcher hope that, this m-learning prototype can be upgraded so that can

be used in various types of mobile devices.

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