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EE-351 PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR

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1. Per Unit Representation: Per unit quantities, advantages of per unit system on linediagrams and preparation of impedance diagram.

2. Fault Calculations: Symmetrical faults, symmetrical components, un symmetricalfaults on power system, Z-bus building algorithm, Fault calculation to generalized three

phase fault.

3. Electromagnetic Relays: Basic requirements of protective relaying, classification ofrelays, non directional over-current and directional over current relay, differential and

protection, distance relays, carrier current protection, power apparatus protection of bus

bar, feeder, feeder and transmission line protection; alternator and transformer protection.

4. Static Relays: Basic components of static relays, logic circuits, smoothing circuit,

voltage regulators, square-wave generator, time delay circuits, level detectors, summationdevices, sampling circuits, zero crossing detector, output devices. Amplitude comparator

and phase comparator, over current and directional over current static relay, static

distance relay schemes. Microprocessor and interfacing microprocessor based overcurrent relay, impedance relay, directional relay, distance relays mho and off set mho

relays.

5. Circuit Breakers: Properties of arc, restriking and recovery voltage, current chopping,interruption of capacitive current, rating of circuit breakers, Classification of circuit

breaker and their functioning, selection of circuit breakers and recent developments incircuit breakers.

6. Introduction to intelligent protection.

BOOKS:

1. Power System Protection, Static Relays by TSM Rao

2. Power System Protection and Switchgear by Ravindernath & M Chander

3. Power System Protection and Switchgear by B Ram & DN Vishwakaram4. Power System Protection, Static Relays by MA date, Bhuvnash Oza & NC Nair,

5. Switchgear and Protection by Sunil S Rao

6. Elements of Power System Analysis by WD Stevenson

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EE-352 ELECTROMECHANICS-II

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1. Polyphase Induction Machines: Construction, principle of operation, slip, phasor

diagram, equivalent circuits, expression for torque, and output power, slip torquecharacteristics, effect of variation of supply voltage and rotor resistance on the

characteristics, Circle diagram. Predetermination of characteristics from the circuit

diagram, Drawing circle diagram from design parameters and no load and blocked rotortest data. Starting of Induction motors, Direct on line starter, Star-Delta starter and

autotransformer starter for cage induction motor, Rotor resistance starter for slip ring

induction motor. Speed control of induction motor by varying supply voltage, supply

frequency and pole changing, speed control of slip ring induction motor by varying rotorresistance.

2. Special Machines: High torque induction motor, double cage and deep bar rotor

construction. Mains operated and self excited induction generators. Hysteresis motor,Reluctance motor and Stepper motor, brushless motors.

3. Single Phase Induction Motors: Principle of operation, double revolving field theory,

Equivalent circuit, performance calculations and characteristics, Starting methods,

Maximum starting torque conditions in single-phase induction motors.

4. Synchronous Machine: Types of Exciters for synchronous machines, MMF and EMF

phasor diagrams for cylindrical rotor synchronous machines, Armature reaction open and

short circuit characteristics, Leakage reactances, Synchronous reactance, Phasor diagramunder loaded conditions, Load characteristics, Predetermination of regulation by EMF

and Portier triangle methods for non-salient pole alternators. Steady state power flow

equations, Power angle characteristics, Constant excitation and constant power output,Circle diagram for synchronous machines. Two reaction theory for salient pole

alternators and pre-determination for regulation, slip test, V curves, inverted V curves,

Compounding curves for synchronous motors. Synchronizing power, synchronizingtorque, Hunting and its suppression, starting of synchronous motor, Synchronous

condenser.

5. Parallel Operation of Alternators: Synchronizing, Synchroscope, Parallel operationof alternators, Alternator on infinite bus bar, Effect of change of excitation and prime

mover inputs, Expressions for power developed as a function of torque angle, maximum

power.

BOOKS:

1. Electrical Machinery by P.S. Bhimbra.2. Electrical Machinery by Fitzerald, Kingsley and Uman.

3. Theory of A.C. Machines by A.S.Langsdorf.

4. The performance and Design of Alternating current-machines by M.G.Say.

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EE-353 Analog Electronics

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1. LOW FREQUENCY TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER:- Equivalent circuit of BJT

using h-parameter for CB, CE and CC & configuration, calculation of transistorparameter for CB, CE & CC using h-parameters, comparison of transistor amplifier

configuration.

2. MULTISTAGE AMPLIFIER: General cascaded system, RC coupled amplifier and

its frequency response, merits and demerits, cascode amplifier, Darlington compound

configuration, multistage frequency effect.

3. HIGH FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF TRANSISTOR AMPLIFIER: High

frequency model for CE configuration, approximate CE high frequency model with

resistive load, CE short circuit current gain, HF current gain with resistive load.

4. LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIER: Analysis and design of class A,B, AB amplifiers,

push pull amplifiers, transformer less output stages, distortion calculations.

5. TUNED AMPLIFIER: General behaviour of tuned amplifiers, resonance-series and

parallel resonant circuit, calculations of circuit impedance at resonance. Variation ofimpedance with frequency, Q-factor of a circuit & coil, Band width of series & parallel

resonant circuit, advantages and disadvantages of tuned amplifiers. Single tuned

amplifiers, voltage gain & frequency response of single tuned amplifiers, double tuned

amplifiers. Analysis & design of class C amplifiers.

6. FEEDBACK AMPLIFIER: Feedback concept, characteristics of negative and

positive feedback. Effect of negative and positive feedback on input impedance, outputimpedance, gain, and noise and frequency response.

Reference Books:

1. Electronic Devices & circuit-II by A.P. Godre & U.A. Bakshi.2. Electronic Devices & Circuit by G.K.Mithal

3. Integrated devices & circuits by Millman & Halkias.

4. Electronic Devices & circuit theory by R. Boylestad.

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EE-354 DESIGN OF HYDRO POWER STATION

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Layout & Planning of Hydro Power Plant: Introduction, layout of power house, types

of hydro power schemes, stages of investigation, PFR, DPR, hydrology, water

availability and water conductor system. Penstocks, types, penstock supports, trashracks.

Power Potential Estimation of Hydro Power Plants: Head, dependability analysis,

layout of electrical equipments in hydro power station, selection of number of units,capacity of power plant and energy generation, and economics of the hydro power plant.

Turbines: Introduction, types and suitability, analysis of hydro turbines, Governing of

turbines, electro hydraulic governors, relief valves in turbines, time constants ofgovernors and their importance, testing of hydraulic turbines: efficiency test, model tests,

cavitation, silt erosion.

Hydro Generators: Introduction, construction and types of hydro generators,

specifications of hydro generators, characteristics of hydro generators, generalarrangement of water wheel generators: large horizontal shaft generators, vertical and

reversible generators, low speed generators, umbrella type, brakes and jacks, losses,

insulation and temperature limits, testing of generators, generator cooling and ventilation,

fire protection, design of auxiliary and grounding systems, switchyard equipments,transformers and circuit breakers.

Stability of Hydro Power Plants: Special features of hydro power plant stability.

Text/References:

# J. Guthrie Brown, Hydro Electric Engineering: Vol.I,II,III ; Blackie & Son Ltd., London.

# Nigam, A Hand Book of Hydro Electric Engineering, Nem Chand.

# B.R.Gupta, Generation of Electrical Energy S. Chand & Co.

# M.V.Deshpande, Elements of Electrical Power Station Design, Ah Wheeler & Co Ltd.# Kothari & Nagrath, Electrical Machines, TMH.