5G Technology Report

5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Dept. Of CSE, Shaikh College of Engineering & Technology, Belgaum. Page 1

Chapter 1

Introduction

The present cell phones have it all. Today phones have everything ranging from the smallest

size, largest phone memory, speed dialing, video player, audio player, and camera and so on.

Recently with the development of Pico nets and Bluetooth technology data sharing has become a

child's play. Earlier with the infrared feature you can share data within a line of sight that means the

two devices has to be aligned properly to transfer data, but in case of bluetooth you can transfer data

even when you have the cell phone in your pocket up to a range of 50 meters. The creation and entry

of 5G technology into the mobile marketplace will launch a new revolution in the way international

cellular plans are offered.

The global mobile phone is upon the cell phone market. Just around the corner, the newest

5G technologies will hit the mobile market with phones used in China being able to access and call

locally phones in Germany. Truly innovative technology changing the way mobile phones will be

used. With the emergence of cell phones, which are similar to a PDA, you can now have your whole

office within the phone. Cell phones will give tough competitions to laptop manufacturers and

normal computer designers. Even today there are phones with gigabytes of memory storage and the

latest operating systems. Thus one can say that with the current trends, the industry has a real bright

future if it can handle the best technologies and can produce affordable handsets for its customers.

Thus you will get all your desires unleashed in the near future when these smart phones take over the

market. 5G Network's router and switch technology delivers Last Yard Connectivity between the

Internet access provider and building occupants. 5G's technology intelligently distributes Internet

access to individual nodes within the building.



Chapter 2

Literature Survey

[1] Kalle Lyytinen, Vladislav V Fomin, Achieving high momentum in the evolution of wireless

infrastructures: the battle over the 1G solutions Telecommunications Policy, Volume 26, Issues 3

4, AprilMay 2002, Pages 149-170.

We analyze five cases of building first-generation wireless solutions and examine to what extent

specific relationships between key actors influenced whether these systems did achieve a high

momentum. Our analysis shows that managing critical relationships with regulators, correct

timing, systems that achieved high momentum. In all successful cases, the meshing and associated

institutional response demanded the creation of an open standard. These include both AMPS/TACS

family of standards, and especially the Nordic NMT standard.

[2] K. Aretz, M. Haardt, W. Konhuser, and W. Mohr, The future of wireless communications

beyond the third generation, International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications

Networking (Computer Networks), Vol. 37, 2001, pp. 83-92.

International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT--2000), better known as 3G or 3rd Generation,

is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunications services fulfilling

specifications by the International Telecommunication Union.The use of 3G technology is also able

to transmit packet switch data efficiently at better and increased bandwidth. 3G mobile technologies

prefer more advanced services to mobile users.

[3] W. W. Lu, Defining China's Fourth Generation Mobile communications, ITU Telecom World

2006, Hong Kong, Dec. 2006.

4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. Network authentication feature has

won the trust of users, because the user can rely on its network as a reliable source of transferring

data.



Chapter 3

Problem Definition

The word Wireless in dictionary, is defined as the connection of no wires. In networking

terminology, wireless is the term used to describe any computer network where there is no physical

wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves

and or microwaves to maintain communications. Wireless networking utilizes specific equipment

such as NICs and Routers in place of wires (copper or optical fiber). 5G Technology stands for 5th

Generation Mobile Technology. 5G technology has changed to use cell phones within very high

bandwidth. 5G is a packet switched wireless system with wide area coverage and high throughput.

5G technologies use millimeter wireless that enables speed greater than 100Mbps at full mobility and

higher than 1Gbps at low mobility. The 5G technologies include all types of advanced features which

make 5G technology most powerful and in huge demand in the near future. The 5G technology

provides the mobile phone users more features and efficiency. Up till now following features of the

5G technology have come to surface- High resolution is offered by 5G for extreme mobile users, it

also offers bidirectional huge bandwidth, higher data rates and the finest Quality of Service

(QoS).The fifth generation communication system is envisioned as the real wireless network, capable

of supporting Wireless World Wide Web (wwww) applications in 2015 to beyond time frame. There

are two views of 5G systems: evolutionary and revolutionary. In the evolutionary view the 5G (or

beyond 4G) systems will be capable of supporting the www allowing a highly flexible network such

as a Dynamic Adhoc Wireless Network (DAWN). In this view, advanced technologies including

intelligent antenna and flexible modulation are keys to optimize the adhoc wireless networks. In

revolutionary view, 5G systems would be an intelligent technology capable of interconnecting the

entire world without limits. An example application could be a robot with in-built wireless

communication with artificial intelligence.



Chapter 4

Scope of Technology

The future enhancement of Nano-core will be incredible as it combines with artificial

intelligent (AI).One can able to control his intelligent Robot using his mobile phone. Your Mobile

can automatically type the message what your brain thinks. We might get a circumstance where we

dont require any spectrum for communication. The Google hot trends have rated the term 6g as the

17th most searched word in the search engines. The iPod 6G comes in seven different colors and has

an aluminum body which makes the body strong to with stand constant daily usage. It has a clip on

design like iPod shuffle and it attached to shirt firmly. 6g technology havent been fully revealed yet

but search phrases like what is 6g mobile technology, 6g technology, 6g mobile,6g network, 6g wiki,

6g technology ppt. are getting more familiar with new mobile technology getting evolved.



Chapter 5

Existing System and Proposed System.

5.1 Existing System

1G, 2G, 3G & 4G are the generations of wireless telecom connectivity. In 1945, the zero

generation (0G) of mobile telephones was introduced. Mobile Telephone Service, were not officially

categorized as mobile phones, since they did not support the automatic change of channel frequency

during calls.

1G Technology

First Generation wireless technology (1G) is the original analog(An analog or analog signal is

any continuous signal for which the time varying feature (variable) of the signal is a representation of

some other time varying quantity), voice-only cellular telephone standard, developed in the 1980s.

The main difference between two succeeding mobile telephone systems, 1G and 2G, is that the radio

signals that 1G networks use are analog, while 2G networks are digital.

Features

1G was old analog system and supported the 1st generation of analog cell phones speed up to

2.4kbps.

Allows users to make voice calls in 1 country.

Drawbacks

Poor Voice Quality.

Poor Battery Life.

Large Phone Size.

No Security.

Limited Capacity.

Figure No.5.1.1 1G Technology.



2G Technology

2G is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. Second generation 2G

cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland in 1991. It

provides the services such as text messages, picture messages and MMS (multimedia messages).

Second generation technologies are either time division multiple access (TDMA) or code division

multiple access (CDMA). TDMA allows for the division of signal into timeslots. CDMA allocates

each user a special code to communicate over a multiplex physical channel.GSM technology was the

first one to help establish international roaming.

Features

Commercially launched in Finland in 1991.

Data transfer speed is up to 64kbps.

Provide the services such as text messages, picture

messages and MMS (multimedia messages).

2G technology is more efficient. .

GSM was the first one to establish international roaming.

Drawbacks

2G requires strong digital signals to help mobile phones

work. If there is no network coverage in any specific

area, digital signals would weak.

These systems are unable to handle complex data such as

Videos.




3G Technology

International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT--2000), better known as 3G or 3rd

Generation,

is a generation of standards for mobile phones and mobile telecommunications services fulfilling

specifications by the International Telecommunication Union. 3G mobile technologies prefer more

advanced services to mobile users. The spectral efficiency of 3G technology is better than 2G

technologies. Spectral efficiency is the measurement of rate of information transfer over any

communication system.

Features

Transmission speeds from 125kbps to 2Mbps.

Data are sent through technology called packet switching.

Voice calls are interpreted using circuit switching.

Fast Communication, Internet, Mobile T.V, Video. Conferencing, Video Calls, Multi Media

Messaging Service (MMS), 3D gaming, Multi-Gaming, etc. are also available with 3G

phones.

Access to Global Roaming.

Clarity in voice calls.

Drawbacks

Expensive fees for 3G Licenses Services.

It was challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G.

High Bandwidth Requirement.

Expensive 3G Phones.

Large Cell Phones.

Figure No. 5.1.3 3G Technology.



4G Technology

4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. Network authentication feature has

won the trust of users, because the user can rely on its network as a reliable source of transferring

data. 3G technology is much flexible, because it is able to support the 5 major radio technologies.

Features

Mobile TV- a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the subscriber's phone where it can

be watched.

Video on demand- a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.

Video conferencing- subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.

Tele-medicine a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the potentially isolated

subscriber.

Mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier transmission.

Drawbacks

Battery uses is more.

Hard to implement.

Need complicated hardware.

Expensive equipment required to implement next

generation network.




5.2 Proposed System:

5G Technology

5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G technology has changed the means

to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never experienced ever before such a high value

technology. The 5G technologies include all type of advanced features which makes 5G technology

most powerful and in huge demand in near future.5G technology including camera, MP3 recording,

video player, large phone memory, dialing speed, audio player and much more you never imagine.

For children rocking fun Bluetooth technology and Pico nets has become in market.

Why there is a need for 5G, even though LTE provides wide range of growth for present wireless

telecommunication. People are not in a circumstance to make use of those benefits in an effective

manner. LTE might be rigorously used in Commercial/Industrial areas. But think of a common man

who utmost utilize LTE for downloading a movie or making a video call. Fact is that there is no such

ground-breaking application existing in real world to be utilized by a common man. You might doubt

how this verdict is applicable for current innovative world, where we have enormous splendid real

time applications. Concern is that our present wireless telecommunications is bottlenecked to use

those applications in an effective manner. We just have to focus on how a 5G network can provide

more approach to a common man to utilize his available possessions in an immense way to make

him feel the real progress.

Features

We are able to pay all our bills in a single payment with our mobile.

We are able to sense Tsunami/earthquake before it occurs.

We are able to visualize lively all planets and Universe.

We can lock our Laptop, car, Bike using our mobile when we forgot to do so.

Our mobile can share our work load.

5G Mobile can identify the best server.

Mobile can perform Radio resource management.

Our mobile can intimate us before the call drops.

Mobile phones get cleaned by themselves.

We are able to fold our mobile as per our desire.



We are able to expand our coverage using our mobile phones.

We are able identify our stolen mobile with nanoseconds.

We are able to access our office desktop by being at our bedroom.

Mobile is able to suggest us possible medicine as per our healthiness.

Mobile can estimate the quality of our new build house.

Mobile is able to provide recent worth on products using its barcode.

Drawbacks


Hard to implement.


Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network.

Figure No. 5.2.1 5G Technology.



Chapter 6

Methodology

6.1 Comparision of all Generations

GENERATION

1G 1G

2G 2G

3G

4G

5G

YEARS DEPLOYMENT

1 1970/1984

1980/1989

1990/2002

2000/2010

2017/2020

DATA

BANDWIDTH

2 KBPS 2 Kbps

14-64 Kbps

2 2 Mbps

200 Mbps

1 Gbps

STANDARDS

AMPS

TDMT TDMA,CDMA,

GPS, GPRS

WCDMA

Single Single unified

standard

Single unified

Standard

TECHNOLOGY

Ana Analog cellular

Digital cellular

b Broadband with CDMA,

IP technology

Unified IP and

seamless combination

of broadband, LAN, WAN and WLAN

Unified IP and

seamless combination of

broadband, LAN,WAN,WLAN

And WWWW

SERVICES

Mobile

technology (Voice)

Digital Voice, SMS

,Higher Capacity

Packetized

I Integrated

high quality audio and

video

Dynamic

Information Access,

Wearable devices

Dynamic

Information Access

,Wearable devices with AI

capabilities MULTIPLEXING

FDMA

TDM TDMA,CDMA

CDMA

CDMA

CDMA

SWITCHING

C Circuit

Circuit and

Packet

Packet

All packet

All packet

CORE

NETWORK

PSTN

PSTN

Packet

network

In Internet

Internet

HANDOFF

Horizontal

Horizontal

Horizontal

Horizontal

and Vertical

Horizontal

and Vertical

Table No.6.1.1 Comparison of various generations.



Symbols

WWWW: A World Wide Wireless Web is capable of supporting a comprehensive wireless-

based Web application that includes full graphics and multimedia capability at beyond 4G

speeds.

WDM: Wavelength Division Multiplexing allows many independent signals to be

transmitted simultaneously on one fiber with each signal located at a different wavelength.

Routing and detection of these signals require devices that are wavelength selective,

allowing for the transmission, recovery, or routing of specific wavelengths in photonic

networks.

WCDMA: Wideband CDMA is a technology for wideband digital radio communications of

multimedia and other capacity demanding applications.

PSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network is a regular voice telephone network.

Spread Spectrum: It is a form of wireless communication in which the frequency of the

transmitted signal is deliberately varied over a wide range. This results in a higher

bandwidth of the signal than the one without varied frequency.

TDMA: Time Division Multiple Access is a technology for sharing a medium by several

users by dividing into different time slots transmitting at the same frequency.

UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System is the third generation mobile

telephone standard in Europe.

WAP: Wireless Application Protocol defines the use of TCP/IP and Web browsing for

mobile systems.

DAWN: Advanced technologies including smart antenna and flexible modulation are keys

to optimize this wireless version of reconfigurable ad hoc networks.



6.2 Comparision with OSI model

Let us compare the protocol stack of 5G wireless with the OSI Model using the table given below.

APPLICATION LAYER

APPLICATION LAYER

(SERVICE LAYER)

PRESENTATION LAYER

SESSION LAYER

OPEN TRANSPORT PROTOCOL

(OTP)

TRANSPORT LAYER

NETWORK LAYER

UPPER NETWORK LAYER

LOWER NETWORK LAYER

DATA LINK LAYER

OPEN WIRELESS ARCHITECTURE

(OWA)

PHYSICAL LAYER

Table No.6.2.1 Comparison of 5G network layers with OSI layers.

Open wireless architecture (OWA)

Physical layer + Data link layer = OWA.

For these two layers the 5G mobile network is likely to be based.



Network layer

All mobile networks will use mobile IP.

Each mobile terminal will be FA (Foreign Agent).

Separation of network layer into two sub-layers:

(i) Lower network layer (for each interface).

(ii) Upper network layer (for the mobile terminal).

Open transport protocol (OTP)

Transport layer + Session layer = OTP.

Wireless network differs from wired network regarding the transport layer.

In wireless, the loss is due to higher bit error ratio in the radio interface.

5G mobile terminals have transport layer that is possible to be downloaded & installed which

is based on Open Transport Protocol.

Application layer

Presentation layer + Application layer = Application layer (5G).

Provides intelligent QoS (Quality of Service) management over variety of networks.

Select the best wireless connection for given services.

QoS parameters such as, delay, reliability, will be stored in DB (Database) of 5G mobile.



Chapter 7

Applications

This band is commonly used in radio astronomy and remote sensing. Ground-based radio

astronomy is limited to high altitude sites such as Kitt Peak and Atacama Large Millimeter Array

(ALMA) due to atmospheric absorption issues. Satellite-based remote sensing near 60 GHz can

determine temperature in the upper atmosphere by measuring radiation emitted from oxygen

molecules that is a function of temperature and pressure. The ITU non-exclusive passive frequency

allocation at 57-59.3 is used for atmospheric monitoring in meteorological and climate sensing

applications,and is important for these purposes due to the properties of oxygen absorption and

emission in Earths atmosphere. Currently operational U.S. satellite sensors such as the Advanced

Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) on one NASA satellite (Aqua) and four NOAA (15-18) satellites

and the Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder (SSMI/S) on Department of Defense satellite F-

16 make use of this frequency range.

Millimeter wave radar is used in short-range fire control radar in tanks and aircraft, and

automated guns (CIWS) on naval ships to shoot down incoming missiles. The small wavelength of

millimeter waves allows them to track the stream of outgoing bullets as well as the target, allowing

the computer fire control system to change the aim to bring them together.

The U.S. Air Force has developed a nonlethal weapon system called Active Denial System

(ADS) which emits a beam of radiation with a wavelength of 3 mm. The weapon is reportedly not

dangerous and causes no physical harm, but is extremely painful and causes the target to feel an

intense burning pain, as if their skin is going to catch fire.

Uses of the millimeter wave bands include point-to-point communications, intersatellite links,

and point-to-multipoint communications.Because of shorter wavelengths, the band permits the use of

smaller antennas than would be required for similar circumstances in the lower bands, to achieve the

same high directivity and high gain. The immediate consequence of this high directivity, coupled

with the high free space loss at these frequencies, is the possibility of a more efficient use of the

spectrum for point-to-multipoint applications. Since a greater number of highly directive antennas

can be placed in a given area than less directive antennas, the net result is higher reuse of the

spectrum, and higher density of users, as compared to lower frequencies.



Chapter 8

Advantages and Disadvantages

8.1 Advantages

Data BW of 1 Gbps or higher.

Amazingly fast, focusing on high data-rates for future mobile broadband users.

Great service in a crowd, focusing on mobile broadband access even in very crowded areas

and conditions.

Ubiquitous things communicating, focusing on efficient handling of a very large number of

devices with widely varying requirements.

Best experience follows you, focusing on delivering high levels of user experience to

mobile end users.

Super real-time and reliable connections, focusing on new applications and use cases with

stringent requirements on latency and reliability.

8.2 Disadvantages


Hard to implement.


Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network.



Chapter 9

Conclusion

The development of the mobile and wireless networks is going towards higher data rates and

all-IP principle. Currently, there are many available radio access technologies, which provide

possibility for IP-based communication on the network layer, as well as there is migration of all

services in IP environment, including the traditional telephony and even television, besides the

traditional Internet services, such as web and electronic mail as most used among the others. On the

other side, mobile terminals are obtaining each year more processing power, more memory on board,

and longer battery life for the same applications (services). It is expected that the initial Internet

philosophy of keeping the network simple as possible, and giving more functionalities to the end

nodes, will become reality in the future generation of mobile networks, here referred to as 5G.

The proposed architecture for future 5G mobile networks can be implemented using

components of the shelf (existing and standardized Internet technologies) and its implementation is

transparent to the radio access technologies, which makes it very likeable solution for the next

generation mobile and wireless networks. The 5G terminals will have software defined radios and

modulation schemes as well as new error-control schemes that can be downloaded from the Internet.

The development is seen towards the user terminals as a focus of the 5G mobile networks. The

terminals will have access to different wireless technologies at the same time and the terminal should

be able to combine different flows from different technologies.



Chapter 10

References

[1] Kalle Lyytinen, Vladislav V Fomin, Achieving high momentum in the evolution of wireless

infrastructures: the battle over the 1G solutions Telecommunications Policy, Volume 26, Issues 3-4.

[2] K. Aretz, M. Haardt, W. Konhuser, and W. Mohr, The future of wireless communications

beyond the third generation, International Journal of Computer and Telecommunications

Networking (Computer Networks), Vol. 37, 2001, pp. 83-92.

[3] W. W. Lu, Defining China's Fourth Generation Mobile communications , ITU Telecom World

2006, Hong Kong, Dec. 2006.

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5G Technology Report