5. Compare reproductive strategies among animal phyla.5.1 Contrast the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction with those of sexual reproduction.5.2 Compare external fertilization with internal fertilization.5.3 Describe fertilization in the earthworm.5.4 Compare the amniotic egg of reptiles and birds with the structures which form in the uterus of a pregnant mammal.5.5 Describe the production of semen in humans.5.6 Describe the human female reproductive cycle from ovulation to either menstruation or implantation.5.7 Trace the major developmental events from implantation of a fertilized egg to the birth of a human baby.5.8 Identify the biofeedback mechanisms which are important in the regulation of the female reproductive cycle.5.9 Describe how the use of the hormones found in birth control pills alters the reproductive cycle.5.10 Discuss the relationship between the diet and health of the mother and the development of the fetus.

Reproduction SystemReproduction: new life, continuation of the life cycle.

Sexual Reproduction: single organism, no sex involved.

Vegetative Reproduction: is asexual reproduction in plants ex) spider plant.

Fission: Single celled organism splits into 2, cloning ex) amoeba, bacteria, algae.

Sexual Reproduction: involves 2 organisms.

Fertilization: when one egg and sperm come together.

Zygote: a fertilized egg.

Budding: asexual reproduction, cloning.

Spores: asexual, reproductive cells clone, ex) ferns.

Internal vs. External Fertilization

Earthworm Reproduction

Amniotic Egg

Uterus

Reproduction of the Chromosome Number in Meiosis

Meiosis splits chromosomes in half.

Ovary (2N) Diploid Testes (2N)

2N

46 chromosomes

46 chromosomes

meiosis

23 232323

Meiosis 1 egg = 23 chromosomes

Crossing-Over in MeiosisMitosis

Meiosis

Normal

2N 4N2N

2N

Identical

2N 4N2N

2N

1N1N1N1N

Male Reproductive System

Major Structures: Testes, Vas Deferens, Prostate, Penis