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Jurnal UMP Social Sciences and Technology Management Vol. 3, Issue. 2,2015

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Logo therapy effectiveness and spiritual orientation on reducing the symptoms of depression

Seyed Rahmatallah Musavimoghadam,

Associate Professor and Head of Department of Islamic Theology Faculty of Medicine, University of Medical Sciences, ILAM, Iran

Seyedeh Mahshid Rokni, General Psychology graduate student, Islamic Azad University Ilam, Ilam, Iran.

Corresponding Author

Zohreh Pourmand General Psychology graduate student, Islamic Azad University Ilam, ILAM, Iran

Abstract Introduction: Depression as one of the most common mood disorders and mental health problems is man that among various segments of society especially women. The spirituality personal relationship despite the noble and eternal power Method: Research experiment which consisted of 40 men, women the symptoms of depression method selected and randomly assigned into two groups of spiritually oriented and Logo therapy and were replaced the control group. The experimental group received training Logo therapy and the control group received no training. Education in 12 sessions (3 times a week for half an hour) was performed on the experimental group and all subjects before the start of training and then the Beck Depression Inventory (short form) completed. For analysis and analysis of covariance was used. Discussion: The results of analysis of covariance showed that depression scores of women participating in group therapy concepts and spiritually oriented compared to the control group the experimental group has decreased (p<0.05). Therefore training Logo therapy signs of depression significantly reduced. Conclusion: Based on the findings we can say that the relationship between depression which is one of the most important aspects of mental health with spirituality and the various aspects of the reverse and taking into consideration the positive effects of Logo therapy and spirituality oriented meetings can be defined with the meaning of life the health of people suffering from depression altered because the spiritual dimension of human excellence can be achieved by people in this way the scope of the self, biological, psychological and go and the values are different. Keywords: Logo therapy, spirituality orientation, depression and purpose in life.

Introduction

One of the issues Traditionally studies and psychology research on negative emotions and has been providing mental health effects of religiosity and spirituality and now studies there is a fairly substantial that the influence of religion and spirituality, physical health and mental are considered [1]. The first systematic research was in the field of psychology, religion, Francis Galton his most famous work the effect of objective dory do need prayer. Since then, research in the field of religion and issues associated with religion continues to produce many theories and led to probably with different results [2]. Many studies evidence for a positive relationship between religion and health have provided. In fact, religion and religion a practical system based on the belief that in the realm of personal, social, Lord to guide humanity on the path of growth and the perfection of the divine message and includes the opinions, beliefs, attitudes and behaviors which are interconnected and a sense of integrity, for the provision entities. Generally there are other theorists the way to happiness, happiness and psychological in the light of the ideals and goals of the spiritual needs of fundamental significance and purpose of life, love and Interests religious and divine [3, 4, 5]. Depression as a disease, colds among psychiatric disorders has been called [6]. This metaphor the


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widespread prevalence of depression refers. Risk of major depression in their lifetime for women 10 to twenty-five per cent and for men five to twelve percent[7]. Anxiety and depression as two important problems which endangers a person's mental health well-known, and the prevalence is about 3.2 to 7.3 has been reported in the general population so that almost 6% of people in his lifetime at least once to be affected. Depression one of the most common mental disorders in all age groups [8] and an important factor in the development of social, cultural and familial considered. It seems, spiritual experiences and religious man, in his enthusiasm to a reality beyond the material will be represented. The spirituality personal relationship despite the noble and eternal power. However between religion and spirituality there but spiritually more personal, however the representation of spirituality and religion in the context of private religion and include customs and rituals of personal, social and 9 and 10]. Some researchers in their research have concluded that religion can be an important role, in effect is the tension situations. In other words, religious orientation due to uncontrollable events, anxiety and depression decrease [1]. Investigate the relationship between stress, depression and anxiety and religion has shown that the negative relationship between religiosity and anxiety [11]. Another meaning schools albeit distinct characteristics of human beings to obtain mental health trying to understand the "meaning and purpose" in life. Fundamental conflicts, the people, counseling and treatment of money changers . In this underlying existential questions: Why am I here? What I want from life? What gives my life purpose? Origin where does this mean for me? The sense of purpose and the meaning of life is stronger, happier person and positive will live. One of the theorists of the school the drafters of "Lego therapy" has been FRANCKEL. The literal translation of "Lego therapy," "treatment through meaning" is. Of course it can, (healing through meaning "also translated. Whereas, logo therapy necessarily contain not this aspect[12]. This therapeutic approach, "Viktor FRANCKEL" was coined. Although his work approach in clinical career before the terrible years of life in Nazi camps started the experiences in the camp his views confirmed. Viktor FRANCKEL after many years endure hardship and suffering in concentration camps, "Nazi" during which the mother, father, brother and his wife lost convinced that sense there is a basic substance. He mere existence was denied: "The one who has to deal with life almost any circumstances can stand." However when the people the nightmare of Second World War, and the future of nuclear madness, face, a growing number of them feel that their life is a vacuum. Many patients the meaning of work, love, death and life hesitant. FRANCKEL a return to Nazi concentration camps to help to others to create meaning who rely on it able to withstand the death of his family and himself he survived. In his book titled "In Search of Man and the Joy of meaning" as well as the impact of the tragic, horrific death of a spouse, parent, brother in concentration camps, hardship and suffering imprisonment and his dead heart writing. In dealing with such disasters it could in helping to formulate his time be able to regained, his health his meaning. For FRANCKEL and others "search for meaning" foundation of mental health and suicide is the antidote. Feeling of meaninglessness a major problem in modern life [12]. In terms of psychology as FRANCKEL religiosity, and even the belief in one God meant to achieve and shared values where all the people they share not sufficient and still remains one step and it is a step that is thousands of years, the human being monotheism and monotheism and belief and the belief in one God developed should be removed and the knowledge and poetry, the uniqueness of human beings and consciousness of the unity of humanity that I have it "Moon ANTROPISM" call and the only key to survival [13]. Meaning of life is not an abstraction. People who constantly ask themselves "Life what does it mean?" Must realize that this life is that we ask what is our own existence. We are a responsible being able to respond to life. We accept responsibility for our own without any order and therapeutic conditions, we accept: "So live that if it is already the second time you live and it feels like the first time I committed the same mistake which is now committed facto". If such a deep awareness and a sense of responsibility faced with every moment of life we can to find meaning in life, meaning that, at this particular moment in my life, unique to our own [14]. In fact the spiritual dimension of human relationship and her integrity the universe shows. Communication, integration, human hope and meaning, and his range of time and space, beyond the material interests of the country unity of existence by spiritual people it can be observed [15]. Summary of spirituality one of the aspects of human life and when the people in the consultation room and enter treatment, the spiritual dimension of their own do not back but spiritual beliefs, practices, experiences, values, relationships and challenges their spiritual too with his consulting room and provide treatment. Approaches to spirituality, therapy, therapists, encourage them to treat mental problems, treatment seekers are addressed at the right time and to use the potential power of faith

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and spirituality clients in treatment and recovery, language and the intervention of use which shows respect and value the therapist toward the client's spiritual issues [16]. HASSANZADEH et al (2013) in their study showed that in the six hypothesized components of frustration according to Logo therapy approach method were evaluated. The results showed that Logo therapy would mean achieving desired, despair about the future thinking about the future prospects of life and trust in the future improve[17]. HADINEJAD (2013) showed that between spirituality and life expectancy is a significant correlation was found between the degree of spirituality, depression and negative association was found that this relationship was not significant between depression and life expectancy there was a significant inverse correlation with the results obtained we can conclude that the strengthening of the spiritual well-being and hope and depression are associated. The key point in a country like Iran where the concept of intellectual, cultural and religious backgrounds can design a program of health care for these patients should be considered [18]. Therefore dust and colleagues (2010) showed that the level of anxiety and spiritual dimensions (finding meaning in life and relationship with God) was negative and the depression and anxiety and negative experiences of the students spirituality correlation is positive. Also the rates of depression finding meaning in life relationship with God and spiritual development of the students was negatively correlated [19]. ABDOLKHALIQ and NASORE (2007) in a sample of college students in Algiers all Muslims were selected, and found that women in religion positively and significantly with happiness and negatively correlated with anxiety [20]. Findings RIPPENTORP, 2005; Schreiber, 2011; Beck TAYAN 2012) showed that religious involvement spiritual due to the inhibitory effect of spirituality and religion in the incidence of mental disorders as well as they can health mental against depression and anxiety protect [21 & 22]. According to the theoretical expression and emphasis on the previous studies, the present study aims to examine the issue whether the training group with the approach of Logo therapy, spiritually orientation the symptom of depression, depressed women ILAM tire is moving or not? Method The present study half of the test (pretest, posttest and with control group). The study included women and girls who are having symptoms of depression, counseling center, visited the city of ILAM and among them 48 were selected and in the end they are invited to came that day and the time specified the site is intended to go. At the specified time to meet, beginning on how to do research and the aim of the research necessary explanations were given and then the people willing to participate in the study 40 people aged 19 to 35 respectively method selected and randomly divided into two groups of 20 patients each (Department Logo therapy, spirituality and orientation and the control group) were appointed. Next subjects in both groups Beck Depression Inventory as a pre-test and Logo therapy based on religiosity over 12 sessions (half an hour) the experimental group was taught. The data relating to depression Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. This questionnaire is one of the most familiar measure of depression which has been developed by Beck. The test consists of 21 articles each article has 4 such that each sign of depression, from zero to three the grading. Total score of each individual Beck Depression Inventory with size of the scores obtained in all aspects. Validity and reliability Beck repeatedly examined the results of which at high levels have been reported. Beck et al 1988, internal consistency reliability female forms from (0/73) and (0/86) and the correlation coefficient Beck Depression Inventory with scale MMPI 0/74 reported [23]. After collecting the data the SPSS version 20 were analyzed. For data analysis descriptive statistics and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used. Logo therapy Education: Over 12 sessions each session lasting an hour and a half, training was given in the table below describe the training sessions the table below are briefly expressed.

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Table 1: Description of the training sessions and group counseling Logo therapy method spirituality activism

Row purpose of the meeting content of the training session

First session Referrals, dating and justification Create an atmosphere appropriate health education and informing women the structure and rules of sessions trust and cooperation with each of them to treat and provide

conditions for the expression of negative emotions and how they deal with the situation painful and well-defined therapeutic purposes and health contracts with the cooperation

and participation of women. Second session Setting goals and notification rules governing

the Group and the duties of members establish good relations increase awareness of

stakeholders in particular depression and an overall sense of health

Pretest getting to know the members and consultant talks about the rules and regulations set forth by the consultant, the signature of the contract by the member and consultant

offering articles on health and medical significance, summarization

Third Session Strengthening relationship counseling therapeutic objectives analyze the root

problems

Talk to members about the problem, purpose and expect you to participate in what? Explains the origin of the symptoms (critical, false and lack of meaning) specify the goals of

treatment by increasing knowledge about the real person whether the manner of their performance in their lives and its results satisfied? Why What behaviors causing anxiety

and confusion you can be? They identify summarization Fourth session Members awareness to freedom choice and

responsibility Follow-up sessions before duty talks about the experiences that led to unrest and mental health disorders consultant about freedom, choice, responsibility and relations between

them influence you most of whom ? has what for his own satisfaction you have done? Who as their model have chosen? Possible causes it note, summarization

Fifth Session Knowledge the rules governing their lives strengthen the sense of responsibility Users

Follow-up sessions before duty because things that do not like do? Discuss issues that may be on thoughts and feelings of the person work support consulting members the fear the worry move towards a new mental imagery: A chance of failure or success your imagine.

Who's responsible for it you know? What a feeling to have it? From that you accept responsibility for your actions what do you feel? Behavior and actions under control as well

as other laws have done define and the results note, summarization Sixth Session Finding meaning in different aspects of life its

reconstruction Study sessions before duty to review past issues consultant, the types of and relationship

with human being in your opinion what time is valuable and what meaning to give it to you feeling? Than your body? Does obligations, in this case the community you? Assignment:

wife, daughter and being a good mother from the perspective of what you mean? summarization

Seventh Session Familiar with a variety of values select the value and accept responsibility for it finding meaning

through experimental values vision and creative

Study sessions before duty what actions, and behaviors in order to achieve his values you have done? If you as an individual are completely responsible for their own behavior to

communicate how you feel? Consultant on a variety of values mental imagery: in addition to the natural scenery feel and as you can enjoy task 3 of the things that you want, set and values Check and if necessary change them. What kind of feelings you are experiencing? Is

it pride or shame you? summarization Eighth Session Familiarity with existential isolation guilt and

existential new selected value strengthening the sense of concrete experiences in order to

change

Study sessions before duty of existential isolation guilt and questions: What about the parts of your life that they do not feel any sign of being alive not speak? From time to time, the fact that you are alive the excitement here? When that feeling like a bruise-like? Mental imagery: Imagine the situation, illness or death, have been. How semantic find it? Some

cases according to the new demands and values consistent do with it and the results note, summarization

Ninth Session Introduction to self-improvement, meaning through personal aspirations to strengthen the

members of love acceptance and a sense of responsibility

Study sessions before duty encouragement support and advice from Members to act according to the real values review past issues as self-improvement discussion about the

hopes dreams beliefs itself how do you see? Are these beliefs as is required of you or others? Caress practice skills (eye contact peaceful and touch up); completing unfinished sentences:

I want ... I can ...; wish in your life is significant and what efforts to achieve them would you? A few of your friends, your touch and feel and its results note, summarizing

Tenth Session Thanks and regards to positive changes of spirituality and the meaning of difficult

experiences

Process name blessings in life there. Help find meaning in what they perceived pleasantness and thanksgiving

Eleventh Session Presented the concept of endless eternal power and connectivity

Process: Would you like someone you have lost? Feelings now to that person? Does anyone around here which is that age may lose? The loss what it means for you? Does the spiritual view or religion in relation to the loss of you? The spiritual religious what explanation do you have? Loss how does it affect us? Emphasized that weeks after his pardon and others

and the spiritual sense in this sense we will talk Twelfth Session Study sessions prior knowledge summarizing,

And summarizing the discussions after the test run

The meeting reviewed the previous assignment your new amplifier to evaluate their learning; Changes; evaluation meetings of achieving the desired objectives implementation and post-test in both groups simultaneously; Acknowledgement Members and consulting

each other to cooperate


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Finding The results can be seen in the following tables.

Table 2: Mean, standard deviation of depression scores before and after training according to the experimental group and control

Group before training after training

N Mean standard deviation

N Mean standard deviation

Training groups Logo therapy

20 22/35 5/752 20 11/85 3/760

Control group 20 20/90 5/139 20 22/75 5/149

Table 3: Test results of KOLOMOGOROV - Smirnov test to evaluate normality of the distribution of scores

for depression

Group N Z P

Depression before training

Logo therapy Training 20 0/778 0/581 Controls 20 0/732 0/657

Depression after training Logo therapy Training 20 0/598 0/867 Controls 20 0/650 0/791

Table 4: Summary of ANCOVA for the impact and effect of the pretest

Change source Sum of squares

DF MS F P Chi Eta

Effect of pretest

695/334 1 695/334 334/270 0/000 0/900

Effects Group 1422/496 1 1422/496 683/840 0/000 0/949 Error 76/996 37 2/080 Total 13932/000 40

Table 5: Average Adjusted depression

Group N Mean Standard error

Training groups Logo therapy

20 11/281 0/324

Control group 20 23/319 0/324

Discussion After data collection, mean and standard deviation scores of depression before and after training was. As in Table 2 have been identified depression scores in the pre-training training in Logo therapy 22/35 and in the control group is equal 20/9. The depression scores at post-training, group training Logo therapy, the 85/11 and 22/75 in the control group. To test this hypothesis training of Logo therapy reduce depressive symptoms analysis of covariance was used. But the use of analysis of covariance scores should be normally distributed. To this end KOLOGOROV-Smirnov test was used considering the level of significance (p>0.05) was obtained which concluded that depression scores are normally distributed (Table 3). After ensuring the normal distribution of scores for depression covariance analysis was used. As can be seen in Table 4 the results of analysis of covariance showed that the Effect of pretest was significant (p<0.05). Namely between the scores of pretest and posttest variables depression there was a significant difference. Effect of group was significant (p<0.05). Namely after adjusting for depression scores at pretest (Table 4) depression scores in the posttest control group and Training groups Logo therapy is significantly different. In this way the rate of depression in Control group higher education is Logo therapy. Therefore Logo therapy education depressive symptoms significantly reduced. Chi Eta also shows the effect of Change source the Effect of pretest the 0/90 and 0/949 for the Effect of group. Both are good value.



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Conclusion Given the role of religion and religious orientation, mental health and the promotion of mental health, the importance of spirituality and spiritual development of man in the past few decades if ever according psychologists and mental health professionals to your has attracted attention [24, 25]. Spirituality can be sources of support for the individual as well as a more indirect way through the influence hope the psychological adjustment result [26]. Oriented spirituality in therapy therapist client to explore the issue and spiritual issues with recovery, recover his health linked together. Therapist emphasis on spiritual issues to be impartial and non-judgmental attitude in addition to the sensitivity of all spirit will follow however that other method of treatment such as medication or other approaches psychological and uses [16]. The results of analysis of covariance showed that depression scores of women participating in Logo therapy Training groups than the control group decreased after the test. This is in line with the results of the studies, SOURA JAKOUL et al (2008) [27] in their study concluded that spirituality plays a major role in depression researchers also found that levels of depression people with intellectual is lower. In another study DESROSIERS and Miller (2007) concluded that daily spiritual experiences and forgiveness with lower levels of depression in adults is associated. In this study a negative correlation and significant spiritual experiences and depression were found. In addition relationship between spiritual coping, and depression in girls the other was mentioned findings [28]. DALMAN (2006) in their study revealed that the relationship between spirituality and depression is significant. Namely those that were of great spirituality fewer depressive symptoms showed [29]. Also AFKHAM REZAEI et al (2009) showed that the mean treatment public health, reduce depression and anxiety is effective [30]. In explaining the findings of this study, showed that activism spirituality health and sense of loss and is effective in controlling the symptoms of depression in women it can be said that religiosity significantly associated with mental health. Moreover some indicators of religiosity such as positive religious coping intrinsic religious motivation, and positive concepts of God even stronger negative correlation with symptoms of depression while the indices of negative religious coping and extrinsic religious motivation, the positively associated with depressive symptoms. Also it may be mentioned that the treatment of spiritual, religious behavioral changes and emotional concern. That is, the performance of the clients in order to trigger a constructive social, and satisfactory to themselves, and others will follow and positive emotions, joyful, happy, hopeful, joyful and grow. Perhaps, fundamentally changed, and attention, in religion, in the first place, such an approach is the fact that one of his sick life offers, and then an attempt to lifestyle changes in order. But still, more detailed research in this field is required. Based on the analysis, statistical analysis, health, spirituality and religion Logo therapy the proper way to treat depression, depression was found in bread but the interpretation of results must be made with caution although that effort, the extent the possibility to control but control is not possible in all circumstances in addition to spiritual health, health psychology is new in the field which requires extensive research in all fields. Meanwhile, about 90% of patients in the intervention group exercises necessary the program was not at home so much success largely the result of limited training, one-hour group therapy session was spiritual. It seems to require more work and more briefings before the intervention and during the intervention. It is recommended that the treatment of other types of people involved and the various stages of the disease and the results compared.


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