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MALAHIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL BROOMFIELD, MALAHIDE

www.malahidecs.ie

Tel: 01 - 8463244

Fax: 01 – 8462780

E-mail: [email protected]

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POBAL SCOIL ÍOSA

MALAHIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL MISSION STATEMENT

Pobal Scoil Íosa (Malahide Community School) is a co-educational, non-selective school. The school seeks to provide a climate in which students find encouragement to develop spiritual and moral values, personal and social skills, and the highest standards of academic excellence of which they are capable. We recognise the complementary roles of parents and teachers in educating the young; in partnership, we pursue the common aim of educating our students according to Christian principles.

Students should find in our school an environment that promotes all types of abilities and talents. They should also find and develop opportunities to make a positive contribution to their own education through their involvement and support for responsible and democratic processes and systems such as the prefect system and the Student Council.

The diversity of our school curriculum should enable students to develop the skills necessary for satisfying personal, social and working life, enabling them to become responsible and adaptable adults who are willing to make a contribution to society.

This ethos is demonstrated in the everyday life of the school through our system of Pastoral Care in the following ways:

• by making the student the focus of school life • through the collaboration of the parents and the whole school

community • by having a whole school response to the needs of our students -

academically, socially and spiritually • by classes and programmes that deal directly with the personal and

social life of the student • by nurturing, encouraging and challenging students • by creating a positive climate of learning, respect and cooperation.

As a community school we have a special responsibility to facilitate continuing education and leisure activities for the local community. We believe in the benefits of a well-ordered and structured school environment which facilitates and encourages learning.

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POBAL SCOIL ÍOSA

MALAHIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL MISSION STATEMENT

Pobal Scoil Íosa (Malahide Community School) is a co-educational, non-selective school. The school seeks to provide a climate in which students find encouragement to develop spiritual and moral values, personal and social skills, and the highest standards of academic excellence of which they are capable. We recognise the complementary roles of parents and teachers in educating the young; in partnership, we pursue the common aim of educating our students according to Christian principles.

Students should find in our school an environment that promotes all types of abilities and talents. They should also find and develop opportunities to make a positive contribution to their own education through their involvement and support for responsible and democratic processes and systems such as the prefect system and the Student Council.

The diversity of our school curriculum should enable students to develop the skills necessary for satisfying personal, social and working life, enabling them to become responsible and adaptable adults who are willing to make a contribution to society.

This ethos is demonstrated in the everyday life of the school through our system of Pastoral Care in the following ways:

• by making the student the focus of school life • through the collaboration of the parents and the whole school

community • by having a whole school response to the needs of our students -

academically, socially and spiritually • by classes and programmes that deal directly with the personal and

social life of the student • by nurturing, encouraging and challenging students • by creating a positive climate of learning, respect and cooperation.

As a community school we have a special responsibility to facilitate continuing education and leisure activities for the local community. We believe in the benefits of a well-ordered and structured school environment which facilitates and encourages learning.

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SCHOOL CALENDAR 2015 – 2016 There is an online and regularly updated school calendar on the schools website: www.malahidecs.ie FIRST TERM Starts Wednesday 26th August. Finishes Tuesday 22nd December (incl)

Mid-term Break: Monday 26th October to Friday 30th October (incl)

Parent/Teacher Meetings (Please note times) Wednesday 21st October: 2nd Year 1.30 – 4.00 6th Year 5.30 – 8.00 Wednesday 18th November: 3rd Year 1.30 – 4.00

5th Year 5.30 – 8.00

Staff training days will take place on Wednesday 14th October and the afternoon of Tuesday 1st December. SECOND TERM Starts Wednesday 6th January. Finishes Wednesday 16th March (incl) (unless the school is required as part of contingency arrangements to make up for time lost due to unforeseen closures. In that case the school could open during the Easter Break). Parents will be informed in advance if this is the case).

Mid-term break: Monday 15th February to Friday 19th February (incl)

Parent/Teacher Meetings: (Please note times) Wednesday 10th February: 1st Year 1.30 – 4.00 THIRD TERM Starts Monday 14th April. Finishes Friday 3rd June

Public Holiday: Monday 2nd May

Please note: School will also be closed on: Friday 29th April and Tuesday 3rd May

Junior and Leaving Cert exams start Wednesday 8th June

Parent/Teacher Meetings: Parents should note the dates so that they will be free to attend. These meetings promote positive communications and feedback about the progress and prospects of individual students, and are a vital part of school life. Parents are reminded to bring their child’s school journal to the meeting.

Please note: • All students are expected to be in attendance for all school exams • The Mock Exams for 6th Years will take place in the weeks of the 1st and 8th

February 2016. • The Mock Exams for 3rd Years will take place during Christmas exams and

the week of 8th February 2016

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MALAHIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL’S CODE OF BEHAVIOUR

Teachers, students and parents have rights and responsibilities and it is integral to the ethos of the school as a caring community that mutual respect and tolerance should characterise all relationships in our school. Effective learning depends on an orderly atmosphere in which students find encouragement to learn and have appropriate learning targets set for them. It is important that the learning environment of students encourages intellectual and emotional exploration so that they can develop their potential to become responsible self-actualising young adults. A good relationship between teachers and students makes it easier and more enjoyable for teachers to teach and for students to learn. As a school, we aim to promote a genuine interest in learning and we endeavour to create a positive learning environment where mistakes can be used as learning resources, without undermining confidence. Roles and Responsibilities Malahide Community School acknowledges the contribution of all members of our school community. It is everyone’s responsibility to promote good behaviour and minimise negative behaviour. • Students

Students are expected to uphold the code of behaviour at all times.

• Parents The central role of parents/guardians in the development and implementation of the code of behaviour is acknowledged. All parents are asked to sign that they have agreed with the code before sending their son/daughter to our school and to further support the school by signing the code in the school journal each year.

• Staff The teaching staff play an essential role in the successful operation of our code. The important role played by the teaching and non teaching staff particularly in relation to encouraging positive behaviour and reporting incidents of misbehaviour is also acknowledged.

• The Board of Management All policies are developed with the authority of the Board of Management. The school acknowledges the role of the Board as the decision making body and its contribution to the Code of Behaviour. While individual members of the Board are not responsible for the day to day running of the school, the Board is the body to whom parents and students over the age of 18 may appeal, in writing, in cases of suspension or expulsion.

Please note that CCTV cameras are placed strategically around the school for the safety and security of students and staff

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MALAHIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL’S CODE OF BEHAVIOUR

Teachers, students and parents have rights and responsibilities and it is integral to the ethos of the school as a caring community that mutual respect and tolerance should characterise all relationships in our school. Effective learning depends on an orderly atmosphere in which students find encouragement to learn and have appropriate learning targets set for them. It is important that the learning environment of students encourages intellectual and emotional exploration so that they can develop their potential to become responsible self-actualising young adults. A good relationship between teachers and students makes it easier and more enjoyable for teachers to teach and for students to learn. As a school, we aim to promote a genuine interest in learning and we endeavour to create a positive learning environment where mistakes can be used as learning resources, without undermining confidence. Roles and Responsibilities Malahide Community School acknowledges the contribution of all members of our school community. It is everyone’s responsibility to promote good behaviour and minimise negative behaviour. • Students

Students are expected to uphold the code of behaviour at all times.

• Parents The central role of parents/guardians in the development and implementation of the code of behaviour is acknowledged. All parents are asked to sign that they have agreed with the code before sending their son/daughter to our school and to further support the school by signing the code in the school journal each year.

• Staff The teaching staff play an essential role in the successful operation of our code. The important role played by the teaching and non teaching staff particularly in relation to encouraging positive behaviour and reporting incidents of misbehaviour is also acknowledged.

• The Board of Management All policies are developed with the authority of the Board of Management. The school acknowledges the role of the Board as the decision making body and its contribution to the Code of Behaviour. While individual members of the Board are not responsible for the day to day running of the school, the Board is the body to whom parents and students over the age of 18 may appeal, in writing, in cases of suspension or expulsion.

Please note that CCTV cameras are placed strategically around the school for the safety and security of students and staff

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Setting Standards In general, we aim to encourage our students to develop a sense of responsibility for themselves and towards others. This should be reflected in their attitude to work and to their behaviour in school. We expect students to conduct themselves with respect for the worth, self-esteem and reputation of others. Students should behave at all times in a manner appropriate to the ethos and inclusivity of our school. They are expected to be positive and cooperative in their dealings with members of the school community. Our school respects, values and accommodates diversity across all nine grounds named in the Equal Status Act: gender, marital status, family status, sexual orientation, religion, age, disability, race and membership of the Traveller community. Anyone who studies in, works for or visits our school should be dealt with in a courteous manner. We aspire to work with parents at all times to achieve these standards.

In keeping with our ethos and standards all our school rules may be summarised in three simple phrases:

• Respect Yourself

• Respect Others

• Respect Your Environment

These should be kept in mind as you read the school’s rules and regulations. The main reasons for having school rules are:

• To ensure safety. • To create an orderly atmosphere (in which students can benefit

from their learning experiences) which supports teaching and learning.

The rules have been divided into the following categories:

Respect for Self and Others Attendance and Punctuality

School Uniform and General Dress Safety

The following are the school rules: Respect for Self and Others R1 The Teacher’s authority must be respected at all times. All students

must comply with teachers’ instructions at once and without argument. R2 Insolence or disrespect of any kind is strictly forbidden. R3 Teachers have the right to teach and students have the right to learn in

an atmosphere which is free from disruption. Those rights must not be impeded by the misbehaviour of any student.

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R4 Deliberate physical violence or verbal abuse are strictly forbidden, as are all forms of bullying and harassment and may result in immediate suspension.

R5 Vulgar or crude language is never acceptable from anyone in our school community.

R6 Students are not allowed to have mobile phones switched on in the school during school hours. The use of cameras and/or the camera facility on mobile phones is forbidden on school grounds at all times. Any student found using a mobile phone during school hours is liable to have it confiscated. The phone will be given to the appropriate Year Head for safe keeping and will be returned to the student on Friday afternoon. Repeated flouting of the rule may lead to longer periods of confiscation.

R7 Circulating or publishing (including on the Internet) material recorded without consent with the purpose of humiliating, undermining the reputation of or causing damage to another person, whether considered a “joke” or not, may be considered as a serious breach of discipline. This could result in suspension or expulsion from school depending on the circumstances.

Respect for Property R7 Students are responsible for the care of their own property. All personal

property must be marked with the owner's name. Those who carelessly mislay property should not subsequently claim that it was "stolen". It is the student's responsibility to check the Lost Property room for missing items.

R8 Students must respect the property of others. Those who take or borrow the property of others without permission are liable to serious sanctions.

R9 Vandalism against property is a serious anti-social act which spoils the environment for everyone. Any act of vandalism against the property of the school or of any person in the school is regarded as a serious offence and will be dealt with accordingly. Sanctions ranging from cleaning duties, financial compensation, suspension or other penalty as deemed appropriate by the school authority may be imposed against anyone responsible for such an offence.

Respect for the School Environment R10 Chewing gum is not allowed in school. Any student using chewing gum

is liable to community-based cleaning duty. R11 Littering the school or school grounds is forbidden and students found

littering are liable to community-based cleaning duty. R12 Students are only allowed to eat or drink in the canteen, outside the

building or in designated classrooms, not on the corridors or stairways. Students who avail of the canteen must behave in a manner that allows others to eat their food in a pleasant atmosphere, and students must tidy up after themselves.

R13 iPods or personal music players should not be switched on during school hours. Any student found listening to a music device during school hours is likely to have it confiscated under the same conditions applicable to mobile phones.

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R4 Deliberate physical violence or verbal abuse are strictly forbidden, as are all forms of bullying and harassment and may result in immediate suspension.

R5 Vulgar or crude language is never acceptable from anyone in our school community.

R6 Students are not allowed to have mobile phones switched on in the school during school hours. The use of cameras and/or the camera facility on mobile phones is forbidden on school grounds at all times. Any student found using a mobile phone during school hours is liable to have it confiscated. The phone will be given to the appropriate Year Head for safe keeping and will be returned to the student on Friday afternoon. Repeated flouting of the rule may lead to longer periods of confiscation.

R7 Circulating or publishing (including on the Internet) material recorded without consent with the purpose of humiliating, undermining the reputation of or causing damage to another person, whether considered a “joke” or not, may be considered as a serious breach of discipline. This could result in suspension or expulsion from school depending on the circumstances.

Respect for Property R7 Students are responsible for the care of their own property. All personal

property must be marked with the owner's name. Those who carelessly mislay property should not subsequently claim that it was "stolen". It is the student's responsibility to check the Lost Property room for missing items.

R8 Students must respect the property of others. Those who take or borrow the property of others without permission are liable to serious sanctions.

R9 Vandalism against property is a serious anti-social act which spoils the environment for everyone. Any act of vandalism against the property of the school or of any person in the school is regarded as a serious offence and will be dealt with accordingly. Sanctions ranging from cleaning duties, financial compensation, suspension or other penalty as deemed appropriate by the school authority may be imposed against anyone responsible for such an offence.

Respect for the School Environment R10 Chewing gum is not allowed in school. Any student using chewing gum

is liable to community-based cleaning duty. R11 Littering the school or school grounds is forbidden and students found

littering are liable to community-based cleaning duty. R12 Students are only allowed to eat or drink in the canteen, outside the

building or in designated classrooms, not on the corridors or stairways. Students who avail of the canteen must behave in a manner that allows others to eat their food in a pleasant atmosphere, and students must tidy up after themselves.

R13 iPods or personal music players should not be switched on during school hours. Any student found listening to a music device during school hours is likely to have it confiscated under the same conditions applicable to mobile phones.

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R14 Students who have school lockers must accept the following conditions: a. No food or drink of any kind to be left in a school locker. b. Lockers are liable to inspection at any time. c. All allocated lockers must have locks supplied by students. The cost

of replacing lost keys/locks is the responsibility of the student. d. Students are responsible for all property left in their lockers e. Students should report any irregular interference with their lockers

to their Year Heads. f. Students are only allowed go to their lockers before and after

school and at both break times. g. Anyone infringing the above regulations may not be reallocated a locker.

Please note: Students whose behaviour is regularly inappropriate in school and consistently below the accepted school standard may be excluded from school activities, sports and trips. Attendance and Punctuality A1 Students must be on campus at 8:40 a.m. to be on time for registration at 8:50 A2 Students are required to swipe in using their student I.D. card upon

entering the school building. Students who are unable to do so, for any reason, must register with their Year Head or Class Tutor. Registration is the sole responsibility of the individual student. Those who fail to register will be recorded as absent and a text message will be sent to parent/guardian. If a message is sent in error, it is the student's responsibility to provide evidence to the Year Head that the error has occurred so that it can be corrected. Parents are informed on school reports about the accumulated number of absences and may request an update at any time by contacting the appropriate Year Head.

A3 All students are required to have a journal with them while in attendance at school. This is the principal means of written communication between school and home. A note of explanation should be written in the school journal to account for late arrival, or the full-day or part-day absence of a student. Parents are required by the Education Welfare Act (2000) to provide an explanation for each absence. It is not sufficient merely to confirm the absence as follows: “my son/daughter was out”.

A4 Students are required to attend all classes punctually and regularly. A5 Students are required to sign in at the office or at the appropriate Year

Head’s office if they arrive in school after 9:00 a.m. and to sign out at the office if they are leaving early - after they have received permission from their Year Head, one of the Deputy Principals or the Principal.

A6 If a student should feel sick during the school day, the student must report to his/her Year Head, a Deputy Principal, or to the office. Under no circumstances is a student to contact a parent and arrange to be collected from the school without going through the appropriate procedures. Students must ensure that they sign out before they leave the school.

A7 The written permission of a teacher is required if a student is absent from any timetabled school activity.

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Please note: We are obliged under the Education Welfare Act (2000) to report to the NEWB (The National Education Welfare Board) any student who is absent for more than 20 school days. School Uniform and General Dress

U1 All students must wear the prescribed uniform including the school jacket and black or navy leather shoes. The school shirt must be worn and be visible at all times. A short sleeved plain white t-shirt may be worn under shirts - no other colour. All items should be in good order and adequately identified with the owner’s name.

U2 Body piercing is not acceptable. The only items of jewellery allowed are the following: Stud earrings worn in the lobe of the ear, one ring or bracelet and a watch.

U3 Student’s hair must be clean and neat; extreme hairstyles are not allowed. U4 Boys must be clean-shaven. U5 The wearing of makeup is discouraged. If students insist on wearing

makeup it must be discreet. Students wearing inappropriate makeup will be instructed to remove it.

U6 Leggings are not acceptable attire. They are not to be worn under any circumstances in school or on school activities.

Please note: Students who repeatedly and deliberately do not comply with the school’s uniform code are liable to be excluded from the school until they do so.

Safety

Smoking: Parents and pupils should be aware that smoking has been illegal in schools under the Tobacco (Health & Protection) regulation 1990 and now under the more recent Public Health (Tobacco) Acts. The maximum fine under the recent legislation is €3000.

S1 Smoking is strictly prohibited anywhere on the school campus, during school activities or at any time while in school uniform and the possession of lighters/matches/cigarettes is prohibited. Students found smoking are liable to serious sanction including suspension for up to five days.

S2 Alcohol or other mood-altering substances: Any student found either in possession of or under the influence of alcohol or other mood altering substances, either in school, on a school activity or at any time while in school uniform is liable to serious sanction up to and including expulsion. Medication prescribed to a student by a medical professional is not affected by this rule.

S3 Those who remain in the company of students who smoke or use alcohol or other mood altering substances and make no obvious effort to leave the scene will be liable for serious disciplinary sanctions.

S4 If a teacher suspects that a student is in possession either of a prohibited item (cigarettes, alcohol, etc.) or of the property of another, the teacher is entitled to require the student to empty his/her pockets and/or bags for inspection. This should be witnessed by another

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Please note: We are obliged under the Education Welfare Act (2000) to report to the NEWB (The National Education Welfare Board) any student who is absent for more than 20 school days. School Uniform and General Dress

U1 All students must wear the prescribed uniform including the school jacket and black or navy leather shoes. The school shirt must be worn and be visible at all times. A short sleeved plain white t-shirt may be worn under shirts - no other colour. All items should be in good order and adequately identified with the owner’s name.

U2 Body piercing is not acceptable. The only items of jewellery allowed are the following: Stud earrings worn in the lobe of the ear, one ring or bracelet and a watch.

U3 Student’s hair must be clean and neat; extreme hairstyles are not allowed. U4 Boys must be clean-shaven. U5 The wearing of makeup is discouraged. If students insist on wearing

makeup it must be discreet. Students wearing inappropriate makeup will be instructed to remove it.

U6 Leggings are not acceptable attire. They are not to be worn under any circumstances in school or on school activities.

Please note: Students who repeatedly and deliberately do not comply with the school’s uniform code are liable to be excluded from the school until they do so.

Safety

Smoking: Parents and pupils should be aware that smoking has been illegal in schools under the Tobacco (Health & Protection) regulation 1990 and now under the more recent Public Health (Tobacco) Acts. The maximum fine under the recent legislation is €3000.

S1 Smoking is strictly prohibited anywhere on the school campus, during school activities or at any time while in school uniform and the possession of lighters/matches/cigarettes is prohibited. Students found smoking are liable to serious sanction including suspension for up to five days.

S2 Alcohol or other mood-altering substances: Any student found either in possession of or under the influence of alcohol or other mood altering substances, either in school, on a school activity or at any time while in school uniform is liable to serious sanction up to and including expulsion. Medication prescribed to a student by a medical professional is not affected by this rule.

S3 Those who remain in the company of students who smoke or use alcohol or other mood altering substances and make no obvious effort to leave the scene will be liable for serious disciplinary sanctions.

S4 If a teacher suspects that a student is in possession either of a prohibited item (cigarettes, alcohol, etc.) or of the property of another, the teacher is entitled to require the student to empty his/her pockets and/or bags for inspection. This should be witnessed by another

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member of staff. A student who refuses to submit to such an inspection faces serious sanction.

Safety Rules

Students are responsible - i.e. answerable to school authorities - both for their own safety and for the safety of others. Please refer to our school Health and Safety policy. School Rules cannot cover every possible circumstance. The following list of safety rules is not exhaustive and should be taken as examples.

S5 Think Safety. Rough boisterous play anywhere on the school campus and running on the stairs or corridors are not allowed.

S6 Safety equipment such as fire alarms, fire extinguishers, CCTV cameras and first-aid kits are distributed throughout the school. Abuse of such equipment is a serious offense and will be dealt with accordingly.

S7 Disruptive or unsatisfactory conduct on a bus or train either travelling to or from school, on a school activity or at any time while in school uniform will be dealt with as a serious breach of school rules.

S8 Students are not permitted to bring a car or any motorised vehicle onto the school campus without the permission of the school authorities. Students should formally write to the school Principal for such permission.

S9 The use of Tippex and solvent-based markers is prohibited. S10 Laser pointers and laser pens are prohibited Supporting the Code of Behaviour in our school This code mirrors our ethos which supports positive behaviour in the following ways:

• We make the student the focus of school life through our wide and varied curriculum, which includes: sampling in 1st year; open choice of optional subjects in 1st and 5th years; Transition Year and LCVP, as well as the traditional Leaving Certificate.

• In classes and programmes such as SPHE, CSPE and RE which deal directly with the personal and social life of the student we encourage respect, tolerance, a sense of fairness and an understanding of the principles of natural justice.

• through the collaboration of the parents and the whole school community we endeavor to create a positive climate of learning, respect and cooperation which encourages and challenges students to take responsibility for their own learning.

• There is a whole-school response to the academic, social and spiritual needs of our students. They are supported by the teachers, Tutors, Year Heads, Guidance Counsellors, Chaplain, and the Student Support team.

• Students are involved in the democratic process of the school through the Student Council and the Prefect System.

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The following are examples of some of the methods we use to reward and encourage good behaviour:

• Positive comments by subject teachers, tutors and Year Heads. • Positive comments by Deputy Principals and Principal. • Positive notes home to parents in the journal. • Display of students work. • Whole class trips with tutors. • Inter-class competitions for tidiness, punctuality and attendance,

with class prizes. • Commendations at the Merit Awards. • Positive References when they leave school.

Strategies for early intervention in response to inappropriate behaviour

• Discussing their behaviour with a student after class • A simple reprimand • Changing a student’s location in the classroom • Extra schoolwork • Discussing the student’s behaviour with the tutor • School community tasks such as picking up litter, cleaning graffiti

off desks etc • Detention on a Wednesday or at the end of a school day. Students

are given at least one day’s notice of detention. The fact that it may be inconvenient to do detention on a particular day will not excuse a student from this punishment. Should a student fail to turn up to Detention, he/she may be required to do a double detention and/or parents may be required to call in person to the school before that student is readmitted to class.

• Notes to parents: All students must have a homework journal which may be requested by teachers in order to write notes to parents. All notes must be acknowledged.

• Referrals to Year Head, Deputy Principal or Principal as appropriate SANCTIONS Depending on the seriousness of the behaviour the school uses the following sanctions to deal with serious misbehaviour and breaches of rules:

• Progress Report: in the case of students whose work is unsatisfactory

• On Report: where a student’s behaviour and/or academic work is closely monitored until an improvement is achieved.

Note that the distinction between a Progress Report and an On Report is that the latter implies that a student’s misbehaviour accounts for

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The following are examples of some of the methods we use to reward and encourage good behaviour:

• Positive comments by subject teachers, tutors and Year Heads. • Positive comments by Deputy Principals and Principal. • Positive notes home to parents in the journal. • Display of students work. • Whole class trips with tutors. • Inter-class competitions for tidiness, punctuality and attendance,

with class prizes. • Commendations at the Merit Awards. • Positive References when they leave school.

Strategies for early intervention in response to inappropriate behaviour

• Discussing their behaviour with a student after class • A simple reprimand • Changing a student’s location in the classroom • Extra schoolwork • Discussing the student’s behaviour with the tutor • School community tasks such as picking up litter, cleaning graffiti

off desks etc • Detention on a Wednesday or at the end of a school day. Students

are given at least one day’s notice of detention. The fact that it may be inconvenient to do detention on a particular day will not excuse a student from this punishment. Should a student fail to turn up to Detention, he/she may be required to do a double detention and/or parents may be required to call in person to the school before that student is readmitted to class.

• Notes to parents: All students must have a homework journal which may be requested by teachers in order to write notes to parents. All notes must be acknowledged.

• Referrals to Year Head, Deputy Principal or Principal as appropriate SANCTIONS Depending on the seriousness of the behaviour the school uses the following sanctions to deal with serious misbehaviour and breaches of rules:

• Progress Report: in the case of students whose work is unsatisfactory

• On Report: where a student’s behaviour and/or academic work is closely monitored until an improvement is achieved.

Note that the distinction between a Progress Report and an On Report is that the latter implies that a student’s misbehaviour accounts for

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being put on such a report. The Progress Report implies unsatisfactory academic progress.

1. Parents may be contacted to discuss the progress/behaviour of their children.

2. Students may be required to sign contracts of behaviour (countersigned by parents/guardians). Failure to honour such contracts may result in suspension.

3. Suspension: In the case of a serious breach of school rules, persistent misbehaviour, bullying or serious aggression against any member of the school community, a student may be liable to suspension. The authority to suspend has been delegated by the Board of Management to the Principal or, in her absence, to the Deputy Principals.

4. Parents have the right to appeal a suspension to the Board of Management.

5. Permanent Exclusion: In extreme cases where a student is putting the health and safety of other students at risk or persistently preventing other students from learning it may be necessary permanently to exclude the student from the school. Exclusion would usually happen after many of the above steps had been followed.

In many cases outside agencies would be involved in the decision. These might include National Educational Psychological Service (NEPS) through the School Psychologist; Social Workers from the HSE or Child Guidance Clinics; the Gardai, through the Juvenile Liaison Officer; National Educational Welfare Board (NEWB) through the local Education Welfare Officer; or Psychiatrists. Parents have the right to appeal against permanent exclusions and suspensions of more than an accumulated 20 days under section 29 of the Education Act 1998 and the Education Welfare Act 2000.

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CLASSROOM RULES

All places of work have rules. These rules help you to do your work more successfully and ensure that your work is done in safety.

1) BEFORE CLASS BEGINS • Be on time • Line up outside the door and enter the classroom only when you are • instructed to do so. • Class should not begin until the room is clean and tidy. • Go straight to your workplace of desk, leaving all bags etc. on the • floor or the place assigned. Do not leave bags on desks. • Take out books, copies, pens etc. without wasting time. • Students should always come fully prepared to class – with books,

pens, pencils, exercises and copies.

2) DURING CLASS • Be attentive and concentrate on the work being done. • Be silent when the teacher is addressing the whole class. • Never disrupt the work of the class by distracting other students or

the teacher. Remember that even if you do not want to learn it is very likely that most others do.

• All homework – oral and written – should be recorded in a homework journal.

3) THE END OF CLASS

• The signal for the end of class comes from the teacher, not from the clock.

• The classroom should be left clean and tidy with no litter on the floor. • At the end of the last class of the day chairs should be put on top of

the desks so that the school cleaners can brush the floor.

Note: The school authorities take no responsibility for students who leave school premises at lunch-time (i.e. 12.35 – 1.15 p.m).

PE Participation In order to address the growing concern over the fitness levels of adolescents we require that all our students bring suitable gear in order to fully participate in their PE classes/Sports modules throughout the year.

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CLASSROOM RULES

All places of work have rules. These rules help you to do your work more successfully and ensure that your work is done in safety.

1) BEFORE CLASS BEGINS • Be on time • Line up outside the door and enter the classroom only when you are • instructed to do so. • Class should not begin until the room is clean and tidy. • Go straight to your workplace of desk, leaving all bags etc. on the • floor or the place assigned. Do not leave bags on desks. • Take out books, copies, pens etc. without wasting time. • Students should always come fully prepared to class – with books,

pens, pencils, exercises and copies.

2) DURING CLASS • Be attentive and concentrate on the work being done. • Be silent when the teacher is addressing the whole class. • Never disrupt the work of the class by distracting other students or

the teacher. Remember that even if you do not want to learn it is very likely that most others do.

• All homework – oral and written – should be recorded in a homework journal.

3) THE END OF CLASS

• The signal for the end of class comes from the teacher, not from the clock.

• The classroom should be left clean and tidy with no litter on the floor. • At the end of the last class of the day chairs should be put on top of

the desks so that the school cleaners can brush the floor.

Note: The school authorities take no responsibility for students who leave school premises at lunch-time (i.e. 12.35 – 1.15 p.m).

PE Participation In order to address the growing concern over the fitness levels of adolescents we require that all our students bring suitable gear in order to fully participate in their PE classes/Sports modules throughout the year.

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SCIENCE LABORATORY SAFETY RULES Student safety is paramount when carrying out experiments in the science laboratories in Malahide Community School. The following laboratory rules are designed to ensure that students learn in a safe and healthy environment. Students must adhere to these at all times.

1. Students must not enter the laboratory unless a teacher is present. 2. Follow all instructions exactly as directed by your teacher. 3. Safety glasses should be worn at all times during practical work. 4. No eating or drinking allowed in the laboratory. 5. Long hair must be tied back during practical work. 6. Do not run or rush around the laboratory. 7. Take care when handling any chemicals. Chemicals should never be

tasted and should only be used under the supervision of a teacher. 8. Take care when using the Bunsen burner. The gas taps must never be

tampered with. 9. When heating a test-tube always point the mouth of the test-tube away

from yourself and others. 10. All equipment should be cleaned and put back in its correct place after use. 11. Any accident, however slight or minor MUST be reported immediately to

your teacher. 12. Students must always behave in a responsible manner at all times in the

laboratory.

AGREEMENT TO THE CODE OF BEHAVIOUR:

I have read and agree to be bound by the Code of Behaviour outlined above.

Student Signature: __________________________________________________

Date: _________________________

I have read and agree to support the Code of Behaviour

Parent Signature: _____________________________________________________

Parent Signature: _____________________________________________________

Witness

Tutors Signature: _____________________________________________________

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SCHOOL POLICY ON BULLYING All students of Malahide Community School have a right to enjoy a safe and happy learning environment. For this reason bullying in our school is totally unacceptable and will not be tolerated. For the full updated policy please see the ‘Policies’ section of the school website; www.malahidecs.ie. Bullying may be defined as repeated verbal, physical or psychological aggression conducted by an individual or group against others. More simply it may be described as any behaviour which takes the dignity away from another person. Repeated name calling or ‘slagging’ is a very common form of bullying. Another example would be deliberate isolation of another student. Cyberbullying - advice on Internet safety for students. Students have daily access to mobile phones and computers, and will use social networking sites such as Facebook or Instagram to stay in contact with friends. Sometimes, a student will set out to upset another student, and send an abusive or threatening text message, or write nasty comments on a website. These comments can make a student feel bad, and this is a form of emotional abuse. Cyberbullying can be an extension of face-to-face bullying, with technology providing bullies with another route to annoy their target. However, it differs in several significant ways from other kinds of bullying - the invasion of home and personal space; the difficulty in controlling electronically circulated messages; the size of the audience; the false idea that the Internet is an anonymous space; and even the profile of the person doing the bullying and their target. Cyberbullying, like all bullying, should be taken very seriously. There are steps that you can take to protect yourself and your friends from getting caught up in cyberbullying. 1. Always respect others: Remember that when you send a message to

someone, you cannot see the impact that your words or images may have on the other person. That is why it is important to always show respect to people and be careful what you say online or what images you send.

2. Don't retaliate or reply: Replying to bullying messages, particularly in anger, is just what the bully wants.

3. Think before you send: If you receive a rude or nasty message or picture about someone else, do not forward it. You could be assisting a bully and even be accused of cyberbullying yourself. It is important to think before you send any images or text about yourself or someone else by email or mobile phone, or before you post information on a website. Remember that what you send can be made public very quickly and could stay online forever. Do you really want your teacher or future employer to see that photo?

4. Save the evidence: Learn how to keep records of offending messages, pictures or online conversations. These will help you show to others what is happening and can be used by the school, internet service provider, mobile phone company, or even the police to investigate the cyberbullying.

14

SCHOOL POLICY ON BULLYING All students of Malahide Community School have a right to enjoy a safe and happy learning environment. For this reason bullying in our school is totally unacceptable and will not be tolerated. For the full updated policy please see the ‘Policies’ section of the school website; www.malahidecs.ie. Bullying may be defined as repeated verbal, physical or psychological aggression conducted by an individual or group against others. More simply it may be described as any behaviour which takes the dignity away from another person. Repeated name calling or ‘slagging’ is a very common form of bullying. Another example would be deliberate isolation of another student. Cyberbullying - advice on Internet safety for students. Students have daily access to mobile phones and computers, and will use social networking sites such as Facebook or Instagram to stay in contact with friends. Sometimes, a student will set out to upset another student, and send an abusive or threatening text message, or write nasty comments on a website. These comments can make a student feel bad, and this is a form of emotional abuse. Cyberbullying can be an extension of face-to-face bullying, with technology providing bullies with another route to annoy their target. However, it differs in several significant ways from other kinds of bullying - the invasion of home and personal space; the difficulty in controlling electronically circulated messages; the size of the audience; the false idea that the Internet is an anonymous space; and even the profile of the person doing the bullying and their target. Cyberbullying, like all bullying, should be taken very seriously. There are steps that you can take to protect yourself and your friends from getting caught up in cyberbullying. 1. Always respect others: Remember that when you send a message to

someone, you cannot see the impact that your words or images may have on the other person. That is why it is important to always show respect to people and be careful what you say online or what images you send.

2. Don't retaliate or reply: Replying to bullying messages, particularly in anger, is just what the bully wants.

3. Think before you send: If you receive a rude or nasty message or picture about someone else, do not forward it. You could be assisting a bully and even be accused of cyberbullying yourself. It is important to think before you send any images or text about yourself or someone else by email or mobile phone, or before you post information on a website. Remember that what you send can be made public very quickly and could stay online forever. Do you really want your teacher or future employer to see that photo?

4. Save the evidence: Learn how to keep records of offending messages, pictures or online conversations. These will help you show to others what is happening and can be used by the school, internet service provider, mobile phone company, or even the police to investigate the cyberbullying.

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5. Block the Bully: Most responsible websites and services allow you to block or report someone who is behaving badly.

6. Make sure you tell: You have a right not to be harassed and bullied online. There are people that can help. Tell your school. Your teachers or tutor can support you. Tell a parent or an adult you trust. Tell the provider of the service you have been bullied on (e.g. your mobile-phone operator or social-network provider).

7. Finally, don't just stand there. If you see cyberbullying going on, support the victim and report the bullying. How would you feel if no one stood up for you?

8. Treat your password like your big secret. Don't let anyone know your passwords. It is a good idea to change them on a regular basis. Choosing hard-to-guess passwords with symbols or numbers will help stop people hacking into your account and pretending to be you. Remember to only give your mobile number or personal website address to trusted friends.

MALAHIDE COMMUNITY SCHOOL’S ANTI-BULLYING POLICY

• In our school everyone is valued • Difference of any type, religion, appearance, personality, sexual

orientation, background or interests does not make it acceptable to bully a student

• The students of this school have the right to be themselves and the responsibility to treat others as they would like to be treated

• Silence allows people to suffer • We speak out when we know we should • If you are bullied keep telling until someone helps you • A RECORD OF INCIDENTS WILL BE KEPT • APPROPRIATE PROCEDURES WILL BE FOLLOWED IN THE

EVENT OF ANY REPORTED BULLYING INCIDENTS • STUDENTS WHO PERSISTENTLY BULLY MAY BE SUSPENDED

You must not: • HURT ANOTHER PERSON PHYSICALLY OR EMOTIONALLY –

THREATEN OR INTIMIDATE DELIBERATELY EXCLUDE OR ISOLATE

I have read and agree to be bound by the updated Anti-Bullying Policy. Signed: ________________________________________Student I have read and will support the updated Anti-Bullying Policy. ________________________________________Parent ________________________________________Year Head/Tutor Date: ______________________

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ICT Acceptable Usage Policy (AUP) & iPad and Ebooks Code of Behavior

ICT Acceptable Usage Policy (AUP)

The role of Information and Communications Technology systems (ICTS) in MCS is to support and promote learning. The use of ICTS is a school resource and its use is considered as a privilege not a right. ICTS cover a wide range of resources and technologies; including; web-based and mobile learning. Whilst exciting and beneficial both in and out of the context of education, many ICTS, in particular web-based resources, are not consistently policed. All users need to be aware of the range of risks associated with the use of these Internet technologies. MCS understand the responsibility to educate our pupils on eSafety issues and aim to teach the appropriate behaviours and critical thinking skills necessary to enable our pupils remain both safe and legal when using the internet and related technologies, in and beyond the context of the classroom.

This AUP includes the use all technologies owned by the school and by pupils and staff, whilst on the school premises. This ICTS AUP and iPad and Ebooks code of behaviour should be read carefully to ensure that the conditions of use are accepted and understood and signed. Access to the schools systems will be denied to students unless this policy is signed by the student, their parents/guardians and their tutor. In relation to the use of the Internet and the Google Apps for Education accounts all students must follow the code below: Students will not: o Intentionally visit Internet sites that contain obscene, illegal, hateful or

otherwise objectionable materials. o Send or receive any material that is illegal, obscene, and defamatory or

that is intended to annoy or intimidate another person. o Reveal their own or other people’s personal details, such as addresses or

telephone numbers or pictures. o Arrange a face-to-face meeting with someone they only know through

emails or the internet. o Download files or images not relevant to their studies o will not undertake any actions that may bring the school into disrepute o Copy information into assignments and fail to acknowledge the source. o Publish work of no educational value as decided by the classroom

teacher. o Publish work that that is illegal, obscene, defamatory or that is intended

to annoy or intimidate another person

Students will: o Report accidental accessing of inappropriate materials. o Only have access to chat rooms, discussion forums, messaging or other

electronic communication fora that have been approved by the school.

YOURBODYYOURCHOICE

homeworkjournal

2016-2017

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ICT Acceptable Usage Policy (AUP) & iPad and Ebooks Code of Behavior

ICT Acceptable Usage Policy (AUP)

The role of Information and Communications Technology systems (ICTS) in MCS is to support and promote learning. The use of ICTS is a school resource and its use is considered as a privilege not a right. ICTS cover a wide range of resources and technologies; including; web-based and mobile learning. Whilst exciting and beneficial both in and out of the context of education, many ICTS, in particular web-based resources, are not consistently policed. All users need to be aware of the range of risks associated with the use of these Internet technologies. MCS understand the responsibility to educate our pupils on eSafety issues and aim to teach the appropriate behaviours and critical thinking skills necessary to enable our pupils remain both safe and legal when using the internet and related technologies, in and beyond the context of the classroom.

This AUP includes the use all technologies owned by the school and by pupils and staff, whilst on the school premises. This ICTS AUP and iPad and Ebooks code of behaviour should be read carefully to ensure that the conditions of use are accepted and understood and signed. Access to the schools systems will be denied to students unless this policy is signed by the student, their parents/guardians and their tutor. In relation to the use of the Internet and the Google Apps for Education accounts all students must follow the code below: Students will not: o Intentionally visit Internet sites that contain obscene, illegal, hateful or

otherwise objectionable materials. o Send or receive any material that is illegal, obscene, and defamatory or

that is intended to annoy or intimidate another person. o Reveal their own or other people’s personal details, such as addresses or

telephone numbers or pictures. o Arrange a face-to-face meeting with someone they only know through

emails or the internet. o Download files or images not relevant to their studies o will not undertake any actions that may bring the school into disrepute o Copy information into assignments and fail to acknowledge the source. o Publish work of no educational value as decided by the classroom

teacher. o Publish work that that is illegal, obscene, defamatory or that is intended

to annoy or intimidate another person

Students will: o Report accidental accessing of inappropriate materials. o Only have access to chat rooms, discussion forums, messaging or other

electronic communication fora that have been approved by the school.

Monday Lundi Montag Lunes Lunedí Dé Luain

Tuesday Mardi Dienstag Martes Martedì Dé Máirt

Wednesday Mercredi Mittwoch Miércoles Mercoledì Dé Céadaoin

Subject Homework Due 3

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‘Progress always

involves risk; you can’t

steal second base and

keep your foot on first.’

Frederick Wilcox

AUGUST ‘16

Teacher Comments Parent/Guardian Comments

Teacher SignatureParent/Guardian Signature

Thursday Jeudi Donnerstag Jueves Giovedi Déardaoin

Friday Vendredi Freitag Viernes Venerdì Dé hAoine


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Christina Noble is a children’s rights campaigner, charity worker and writer, who founded the Christina Noble Children’s Foundation in 1989. Her passion for children’s rights springs from her own upbringing. Born in 1944 into the Dublin slums of Ireland, she knows what it’s like to be young, homeless and desperate.

People who changed the world





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‘The secret of happiness is

not in doing what one likes,

but in liking what one does.’

James M. BarrieAUGUST ‘16






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Levi Strauss (1829–1902) revolutionised the clothing industry by inventing blue jeans. Trained as a tailor in Germany, he moved to San Francisco, USA, to sell textile products to people joining the California gold rush. In 1873, Strauss and Jacob Davis patented the use of copper rivets in work jeans.






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‘I don’t know that

there are any short cuts to

doing a good job.’

Sandra Day O’ConnerAUG/SEPT ‘16






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Elias Howe (1819–1867) In 1846, American inventor Elias Howe (1819–1867) patented a sewing machine which used two separate threads. This created a tight lockstitch instead of the chain stitch of earlier machines that could unravel. Howe’s business did not thrive. Others, like Isaac Singer made slight modifications in the machine and built successful businesses.


‘Your Body, Your Choice’ is a 9 month programme that focuses on the basic principles of health and nutrition. The programme will give you the information and tools that will help you make healthier choices.

Understanding and applying these principles will improve your physical health, your mental health and social interactions. We hope by the end our 9 month programme you will notice a profound difference in your overall health and wellbeing and that you will continue apply what you have learned. So let’s get started!

It is no wonder it seems almost impossible to navigate your way through all of this information and filter out the accurate and relevant facts to help you make the right food choices!

We are continuously bombarded by the media with a tsunami of conflicting information, misinformation and biased information about food and what we should and should not eat.

Made from 100% whole wheat

Try this diet and you will look amazing!

Healthy breakfast in a bar

A new pill can help you loose a stone in one week!

0% Sugar

Dairy products are GOOD for you!

Dairy products are BAD for you!

NAM

E:

YOUR BODY YOUR CHOICE

DIARY & PLANNER

2016/2017

uniqueschoolsapp

Eat well Look goodFeel great

DESPITE ALL THE INFORMATION, THE BOOKS & DIET GUIDANCE OUT THERE, THE WHOLE WORLD IS GETTING FATTER AND SICKER! WHY?

Our diets have changed radically over the last 50 years. More people are eating highly processed foods packed with sugars with minimal nutritional value. In fact it is getting harder and harder to find nutritious whole foods in the supermarket behind the wall after wall of processed foods whose packaging is emblazoned with beautiful images of countryside’s and healthy people. Through clever marketing many of these products are touted as “Healthy Options”, Low Fat, 0% Sugar, made from whole grains.

People are far less active today.Teenagers spend far more time in front of screens than they do kicking a football, cycling, running around or just being active! Parents are also over protective and cautious about the wellbeing of their children.

They are afraid to let them cycle or walk to school because it might be unsafe. And on top of that we have all become lazy!

While identifying the solution is easy – eat healthily and get off the sofa! –changing your current habits and putting this into daily practice initially takes focused effort, discipline and action.

But most importantly knowing what to eat and having the knowledge to be able to see through the marketing hype and the misleading health claims is key No. 1.

Register NowFOR WEEKLY

APPRegister now for weekly updates and prizes1. Download the Unique School App @ Google or iTunes or2. Use your own school App

unique schools

app





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‘Our remedies oft in

ourselves do lie, Which we

ascribe to Heaven.’

Shakespeare

SEPTEMBER ‘16






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Hedy Lamarr (1914-2000) Better known as an actress, Austrian born Hedy Lamarr (1914-2000), along with co-inventor George Antheil, developed a “Secret Communications System” to combat the Nazis in World War II. By manipulating radio frequencies at irregular intervals between transmission and reception, they created an unbreakable code.






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‘Although the world is

full of suffering, it is also full

of the overcoming of it.’

Helen Keller

SEPTEMBER ‘16






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Walter Hunt (1796–1859) The safety pin was invented by Walter Hunt in 1849. Hunt’s pin was made by twisting a length of wire. Hunt invented the safety pin in order to pay a debt of $15; he eventually sold the rights to his patent for $400.






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‘Vision is the art of

seeing the invisible.’

Jonathan SwiftSEPTEMBER ‘16






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Mária Telkes (1900-1995) chemist and solar engineer, is the designer of the first residential solar heating system and the inventor of many patent solar-powered devices. Her other solar-powered inventions included a distilling system for life rafts and a solar oven.






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‘In great attempts it is

glorious even to fail.’

Cassius LonginusSEPTEMBER ‘16






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Dorothy Stopford Price (1890-1954) was an Irish physician who contributed to the elimination of childhood tuberculosis in Ireland by introducing the BCG vaccine. She was anxious that Irish emigrants, including young Irish nurses and nurse trainees, would be vaccinated.


rise and shine breakfastRise and ShineBreakfast is considered an important meal because it breaks the overnight fasting period, replenishes your supply of glucose and provides other essential nutrients to keep your energy levels up throughout the day.

While you slept your body was still busy, not just with basic life functions (breathing, heart pumping etc) but with recovery, tissue repair, growth and development. These activities all require energy which has come from your blood sugar and energy stores in the body. When you wake up your blood sugar is very low and your tank is pretty much empty. So it makes sense to fill the tank before you start your day! This helps to maintain your blood sugar at normal levels.

Cognitive functionBreakfast restores glucose levels, an essential carbohydrate that is needed for the brain to function. Many studies have shown how eating breakfast can improve memory and concentration levels and it can also make us happier as it can improve mood and lower stress levels. In studies amongst children, breakfast can improve attainment, behaviour and has been linked to improved grades. Just like any other organ in the body, the brain needs energy to work at it’s best!

Some people find that they don’t want to eat first thing first thing in the morning. If this is the case, switch your breakfast to morning tea or mid-morning snack time instead. Ideally you should eat a good breakfast within 2 hours of getting up.

If you don’t eat breakfast your hunger will grow during the morning and you

will tend to snack and over eat when you do eat. This leads to spikes and dips in your blood sugar levels.

What should you eat for breakfast?What you eat for breakfast is critical. If your idea of breakfast is a doughnut and a cup of coffee, or sugary cereal and a glass of fruit juice, you’re setting the stage for havoc! Some simple Do’s and Don’ts:

DoSlow release, high fiber, low GI whole foods are great. Think oats (porridge, muesli). Oats release energy slowly. Watch out for shop bought muesli, they tend to have lots of raisins, added sugar and salt – READ THE LABEL!Whole grain breads. Ditch the sliced white pan! Go for wholegrain brown breads.Fruit – always include some fruit in your breakfast. A handful of berries, a banana. Try slices of apple with peanut butter. Make sure you only use peanut butter with no added sugar!Protein - Adding a little protein to your breakfast may be just the boost you need to help keep you feeling full until lunchtime. Think eggs!Glass water with squeeze lemon juice.Green Tea – try replace black tea with green tea. If you are a coffee person – go for it! Just don’t drink caffeine after 11 am as it will impact on your sleep.Smoothie – a Green Smoothie is a great addition to your breakfast. Make a big jug, have a glass with your breakast and take the rest with you.

Don’tStay away from shop bought boxes of cereal. While they may be made from some “whole grain” they are usually so processed that they lack any level of comprehensive nutrition. If the

packaging says “fortified with vitamins” this simply means they have “added” vitamins to the mix.Juice. Stay away from all store bought juice! Almost without exception is pure sugar! If you do want juice then squeeze some fresh oranges and only have a small glass. It would be far better to just eat the orangeWhite Toast & Jam – This is basically sugar with sugar! Not a great combo!Full Irish – NO!

Why do you skip breakfast?No time!Most people find they simply don’t have time to make breakfast. Thankfully this is a very easy problem to solve! Firstly do some preparation work the night before. Get your pots, cups, plates etc laid out and make sure you have the necessary foods in the kitchen. Secondly (I know this one is the kicker!) get up a few minutes earlier! It only takes 4 minutes to boil an egg! A pot of porridge can also be ready in 5 minutes. Throw in some berries and nuts and you are ready to go!

Lack of available breakfast foodsTwo words here - Preparation & Planning. This does take a bit of brain work in advance and a coordination with the shopping. Like any other habits

these things become part of what you do and with so much to gain from a good breakfast they are important habits to form. Plan what you are going to have for breakfast for the week. Keep it simple with just one or two choices for the week and alternate them. Then change one choice the following week.

• Many people who skip breakfast are significantly heavier than those who eat breakfast.

• Eating breakfast will aid learning, as you are better able to pay attention and are more interested in learning.

• Eating high-fibre breakfast cereals reduces fatigue.

• People who eat an inadequate breakfast are more likely to make poor food choices for the rest of the day and in the long term.

• People who eat breakfast have more nutritious diets than people who skip breakfast. They also have better eating habits as they are less likely to be hungry for snacks during the day.

• People who skip breakfast may lack sufficient fibre, vitamins and minerals including iron, calcium, zinc and vitamin B2.

See the App for lots of breakfast ideas!





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‘Success is a journey,

not a destination.’

Ben SweetlandOCTOBER ‘16






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Richard G. Drew (1899–1980) invented masking tape in 1925 and clear adhesive tape (cellophane tape or Scotch tape) in 1930. He worked for the 3M company (the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing) as an engineer. The first tape dispenser with a built-in cutting edge was invented in 1932 by John A. Borden, another 3M employee.






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‘As long as one

keeps searching, the

answers come.’

Joan Baez

OCTOBER ‘16






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Annie Scott Dill Maunder (1868-1947) In 1916 Annie Scott Dill Maunder from Strabane, Northern Ireland became the first woman elected to the Royal Astronomical Society after the bar on women was lifted. She helped show a correlation between the variation in sunspot numbers and Earth’s climate, providing a likely explanation for the Little Ice Age.






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‘Morality, like art,

means drawing a line

someplace.’

Oscar Wilde

OCTOBER ‘16






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Lázló Bíró and Georg Bíró The first non-leaking ballpoint pen was invented in 1938 by Hungarian brothers Lázló Bíró and Georg Bíró, a chemist and newspaper editor respectively. American John Loud had already invented a ballpoint for marking leather but it leaked. A new type of ink was needed. The brothers opened the first ballpoint manufacturing plant in Argentina, South America.






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‘We are continually

faced by great opportunities

brilliantly disguised as

insoluble problems.’

Lee Iacocca

OCTOBER ‘16






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Dr Phyllis Clinch (1901-1984) is most recognised for her work on degenerative diseases in potato plants. She identified symptomless viruses and viruses that damaged potato stocks. The Department of Agriculture used this knowledge to develop virus free stocks of potatoes.


Green Smoothies are one of the best ways to get part of your daily fruit and vegetable requirements together with essential hydration. There are lots of reasons to go green and be smooth!

• Quick & easy to make. You simply pop all your ingredients into one blender jug and whiz! The whole job including the clean up only takes a few minutes.

• Wholefood – Green smoothies are a wholefood. There is nothing extracted or removed.

• All your ingredients are raw. Cooking and heat can damage the nutritional content on your fruit & vegetables. Keeping them raw maintains all the nutritional value.

• Easier digestion. The blender whisks up all the fruit and veg making it easier for your system to digest.

• Bursting with Nutrients. A green smoothie is bursting with lots of nutrients including Vitamins, Minerals, antioxidants and slow release carbs.

• Lots of Fibre! By including the whole fruit and vegetable you are keeping all the fibre. This will help slow down the release of sugars into your system and acts like a broom for your digestive system!

• Keep you full! Green smoothies keep you full. This is thanks to the fibre and good fats (think Avocado, nut butters) in the drink.

• Hydration – the liquid used forms part of your daily hydration.

• On the go – just pour you smoothie in a bottle or flask (the flask will keep it colder for longer) and take it with you. It is a great snack for sipping on to keep you going.

• Flexible – You can make your own smoothie your own way! Stick to the main rules (75% green Veg, 25% Fruit, all the bits, plant milks) and make whatever you like. You want spicy – put in some chilies!

How to make your Green SmoothieMaking your Green Smoothie is easy! You simply grab your ingredients; pop them in the blender and whiz! Here are a few tips to help you get the best from your smoothie.

1 Plan your weekly smoothie list. This is critical! If you don’t plan your smoothies for the week and buy all the ingredients in advance there won’t be any smoothie! It is best to stick to one or two types of smoothie for the whole week. This reduces the number of ingredients you buy, waste and the level of brain power for organization!. 2 Prepare the night before. Get the jug from your blender and put all your ingredients in, except the milk, but DO NOT blend! Simply leave the jug in the fridge overnight and in the morning add the milk and whiz! This will save you time in the morning and also helps to keep the ingredients as fresh as possible. Ensure your bottle or flask is clean and ready to go.3 Show a little love! It is as easy to make a smoothie for 3 or 4 people as it is for one. Simply increase the quantity of the ingredients. This way the whole family can head out each morning armed with a 500ml of green goodness to keep them nourished and energized during the day. This also guarantees inclusion on Santa’s Nice List!

Green ‘N’ Smooth!

The Do’s & Don’tsLike all things in life there are a few rules to ensure you are getting things right – they are important otherwise you can end up with a beverage that is full of fat and sugar – and that is not what we are going for!

1 Remember it is a GREEN Smoothie! You are making a green smoothie NOT a Fruit Smoothie. It must contain lots or raw green (or red, yellow, orange) vegetables – think, Spinach, Kale, Cucumber, Avocado, Pok Choi, celery, The ratio of vegetables to fruit should be about 75% vegetables to 25% fruit. Or if you prefer just vegetables. 2 Wash your ingredients – make sure you wash all your ingredients thoroughly.3 Milk. Your smoothie needs liquid.

I prefer to use an Almond (make sure it is unsweetened!), Coconut or Rice Milk. These are all plant based and low in fat. You can also use water or coconut water.4 Ice/Frozen berries and Fruits. Throw in some frozen berries or ice to make it cold.5 Organic – use organic vegetables when you can.6 Don’t add Fruit Juices! Fruit juices are packed with sugar and many are made from concentrate. Stay away from them! Just add milk or water.7 Don’t add ice cream, cream, sweetened yogurt, Nutella, sugar, honey, maple syrup, or other high fat, high sugar ingredients.

Check out the App for lots of recipes.

build your own smoothie

4 ADD SOME BANG

1 GRAB THE GREENS

Peanut ButterNut ButterFlax SeedChia seedsWalnutsAlmonds

OatmealVanilla ExtractCinnamonGinger

Low fat milkWaterAlmond Milk

Rice Milk Coconut MilkCoconut Water

3 LOOSEN IT UP

5 PRESS THE BUTTON & WHIZZ

2 ADD THE FRUIT25%

75%

BananasApplesStrawberriesBlueberriesBlackberries

RaspberriesOrangesPineappleMangoPeaches

Pears ApricotsPlumsCantaloupe MelonGrapes

SpinachKale AvocadosCarrots

CeleryCucumberSwiss ChardBok Choy





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‘The only tired I was, was

tired of giving in.’

Rosa ParksOCT/NOV ‘16






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James Naismith (1861–1939) Basketball was invented in 1891 by Canadian physical education instructor James Naismith so that his students could play sport in winter. Originally a soccer ball was thrown into peach baskets (with basket bottoms intact) - these were replaced with hoops in 1906. It was first played at the Olympics in Berlin, 1936 (America won the gold).






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‘Anyone who doesn’t take

truth seriously in small

matters cannot be trusted in

large ones either.’

Albert Einstein

NOVEMBER ‘16






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Baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun The earliest bicycle was a wooden scooter-like contraption called a ‘celerifere’, invented c.1791 by Comte Mede de Sivrac of France. In 1816, Baron Karl von Drais de Sauerbrun of Germany attached a steering bar to the front wheel; the ‘draisienne’ had two same-sized wheels but no pedals and was propelled by foot like a scooter.






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‘Wisely and slow; they

stumble who run fast.’

ShakespeareNOVEMBER ‘16






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Lilian Bland (1878-1971) was a journalist and aviator who, in 1910-11, became one of the first women in the world to design, build, and fly an aircraft. Born to Anglo-Irish parents, she moved to Belfast and from here built the Mayfly, the first powered biplane in Ireland.






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‘I am not young enough to

know everything.’

Oscar WildeNOVEMBER ‘16






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Leonid Kupriyanovich In 1957-1961, Russian Leonid Kupriyanovich, a Moscow engineer, developed the first prototype mobile phones. The weight of one model, presented in 1961, was only 70g, could fit on a palm and had an operating distance of 80km.






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‘You see things; and you

say, ‘Why?’ But I dream

things that never were;

and I say, “Why not?”‘

George Bernard Shaw

NOV/DEC ‘16






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Kathleen “Kay” McNulty Mauchly Antonelli (1921-2006) Born in Co. Donegal, Kay was one of the six original programmers of the ENIAC, the first general-purpose electronic digital computer. Their job was to compute ballistics trajectories used for artillery firing tables during World War II.


ProteinProteins are the main building blocks of the body and are used to make muscles, tendons, organs, skin, enzymes, hormones, neurotransmitters and various tiny molecules that serve important roles within our body. There are made of small molecules known as amino acids.

Our body can produce some of these amino acids while we must sources others from our diet (these are know as essential amino acids). Animal products (meat, fish, eggs and diary) are a great source of protein. Plant based sources include Quinoa, Legumes and nuts.

Daily intake for average person is .8 gm per kilo of body weight. If you are very active and sporty this can go to a 1.5 gm per kilo of body weight.

Turkey Breast 100gm 30 gm proteinChicken Breast 100gm 24 gm proteinRound Steak 100gm 18gm proteinShrimp 100gm 16gm proteinTuna (canned) 100gm 18g proteinLentils 100gm 9gm

What is a legume? A legume is a plant that bears their fruit in a pod, which are casings in two halves or hinges. They are pretty healthy because they are low in fat and high in protein, fibre and nutrients. Legumes are rich in Calcium, Dietary fibre, Folate, Iron, Magnesium, Phosphorus, potassium, Protein, Riboflavin, Thiamin, Vitamin B6 and zinc.

Think peas (garden peas, black eye peas, mung pea, peanut, sugar snap pea,.) Think Beans (black beans, cannellini beans, fava beans, French green beans, green beans, kidney beans, runner bean). Think Lentils. (brown, green and red lentils include Puy Lentil. Think Peanuts.

Protein gives a great sense of being full which reduces our feelings of hunger. Approximately 20% – 40% of your calories should be come from protein. This will depend on many factors, most importantly your level of activity.

Carbohydrates: Essentially carbs come from a range of foods and they are your body’s first choice for fuel/energy ahead of fats or protein. During digestion, carbohydrates metabolize into glucose, a single sugar molecule that becomes the primary fuel for your tissues and cells. Your heart, kidneys, brain and muscles cannot function properly without an adequate intake of carbohydrates.

Approximately 45%-65% of your calories should be come from carbohydrates. This will depend on many factors, most importantly your level of activity.

Good Carbs Eat plenty of these! Generally Low GI, no or low processing and packed with nutrients including fibre, vitamins and minerals includes Whole grains, cereals, whole fruits, vegetables, beans.

FOOD GROUPS

of your calories come from carbs

45- 65%

Useful linkswww.sugarstacks.com/snacks.htm See The App for more information and resources.

A

E 45- 65%

HEALTHY CARBS SOURCES

HEALTHY CARBS SOURCES

HEALTHY PROTEINS

HEALTHY PROTEINS

HEALTHY FAT SOURCES

HEALTHY FAT SOURCES

Vegetables Meat Oily fish

Fruits Lean Fish

Cereals Eggs

Honey Milk Products

Nuts

Avocado

Unrefined Oil

50–60%

25–30%

15–25%

Carbohydrate, fat and protein daily rate

what’s on the plate?

A

FOOD GROUPSBad Carbs Eat as little as possible of these! Generally Hi GI, highly processed and very low in nutrients with most of the fibre, vitamins and minerals extracted during processing, includes sugars, pastries, white rice, white flour breads, cereals, white pasta. They have little to offer the body besides calories. Commonly referred to as “Empty Calories”.

How much Carbs should I eat? Firstly you need to work out what your daily calorie requirement is (see www.) This will be based on your age, your level of activity. As a guide a 15 year old girl who is About 45-65% of you daily calorie requirements should come from carbs (remember GOOD carbs!). It depends on your overall calorie needs which

Fats Fat is an essential macro nutrient like carbs and protein. It is an important energy source and is critical in the absorption of fat soluble vitamins A,D,E & K. Eating the right fats will lower your risk of diabetes, heart disease and obesity. What you must focus on in relation to fats is the type of fats you eat.

Good Fats - Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs)Found in plant foods and include olive oil, canola oil, sunflower oil, peanut oil, sesame oil, avocados, Nuts (almonds, peanuts, macadamia nuts, hazlenuts, pecan , cashew). olive oil, and canola oil, and in poultry. Peanut butter. Can actually lower cholesterol levels

Good Fats - Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)Found in fatty fish such as salmon and mackerel, and corn and soybean oils. Corn oil, soyabean oil, walnuts, sunflower, pumpkin and sesame seeds, flaxseeds, fatty fish (salmon, tuna, mackerel, trout, herring, sardines).

OK IN moderation = Saturated fatFound in meat and dairy products such as cheese, butter, and milk

STAY AWAY! - Trans Saturated fatsThese are a complete DO NOT EAT! Without doubt the badest of the bad fats! While it is almost impossible to completely eliminate them from your diet you should make every effort to exclude these bad boys as much as possible! Sorry about that! They are found in commercially baked pastries, cookies, doughnuts, muffins, cakes, pizza dough, Packages snack foods (think crackers, crisps), many margarines, fried foods, and candy bars! You gotta make a big effort wean yourself away from these foods if you want to stay healthy and look your best!

Every Day – Get your Omega 3 oilsGood sources include oily fish, walnuts, ground flax seeds, canola oil. Most people don’t tend to eat a lot of fish so it is best to supplement your diet with Omega 3 capsules every morning.

Approximately 20%-35% of your calories should be come from fat BUT make sure it is the good guys!

K

FibreFibre is the part of plant-based foods that your body doesn’t digest and absorb. There are two basic types of fibre: soluble and insoluble. Soluble fibre may help improve your cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Oats, dried beans and some fruits, such as apples and oranges, are good sources of soluble fibre. Insoluble fibre adds bulk to your stool and can help prevent constipation. Vegetables, wheat bran and other whole grains are good sources of insoluble fibre.

Recommendation: Emphasize whole-grain products, fruits, vegetables, beans and peas, and unsalted nuts and seeds. If you’re a woman, get about 22 to 28 grams of fibre a day. If you’re a man, get about 28 to 34 grams of fibre a day.

STAY AWAY! FROM Trans- Saturated fatsK

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Don’t wait for

your ship to come in,

swim out to it.DECEMBER ‘16






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Nikola Tesla (1856–1943) The radio was first demonstrated in 1894 by Croatian born Nikola Tesla. It was promoted and commercialised by Guglielmo Marconi in 1895. The first radio transmission across an ocean (the Atlantic Ocean) occurred on December 12, 1901.






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‘When indeed shall we

learn that we are all related

one to the other?’

Helen Keller

DECEMBER ‘16






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Mary Robinson (born 1944) Born in Ballina, County Mayo, Mary Robinson was the first female, President of Ireland (1990-1997), and UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, (1997-2002). She is seen as a transformative figure for Ireland, revitalising and liberalising a previously conservative, low-profile presidency.






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‘This above all:

to thine own self

be true.’Shakespeare

DECEMBER ‘16






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George Crum Potato crisps were invented in 1853 by George Crum, a Native American/African American chef in Saratoga Springs, USA. After a complaint that his french fries were too thick, Crum made them too thin to eat with a fork, hoping to annoy the fussy customer. Ironically, the customer was happy and crisps were born!






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‘Any human... will blossom

in a hundred unexpected

talents... simply by being

given the opportunity.’

Doris Lessing

DECEMBER ‘16






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Thomas Sullivan Tea bags were invented by Thomas Sullivan around 1908. The first bags were made from silk. Sullivan, a tea and coffee merchant in New York, packaged tea samples in tiny silk bags but customers started brewing the tea in them. Later tea bags were made of thin paper.


A critically important aspect of good health is the maintenance of a healthy blood sugar level. You don’t want it too low or too high. Your blood sugar level (glucose level) is the amount of sugar (glucose) in your blood.

Our body’s main source of energy comes from carbohydrates. Through the process of digestion carbs are broken down into glucose which is absorbed into our bloodstream. Our pancreas produces insulin who’s role is to take the glucose from the blood into the cells for use as energy. Once the flow of glucose into the blood is maintained at a healthy level and your insulin production and action is OK, then everything is fine.

If our blood sugar level gets too high insulin takes the excess glucose to the liver where it converts the glucose to fat and then stores it – mostly around your abdomen. So if your waist is getting larger it is clear you are converting glucose to fat. Your blood sugar can get too high if you consume too many carbohydrates, if your body does not produce enough insulin or if you become insulin resistant.

When your blood sugar level is very low your body produces adrenaline which put you in a state of stress, irritability and anxiousness. We then use a sugary snack to give us a quick energy boost and begin the cycle again. Regular spikes in blood sugar levels and the bodies reaction of producing insulin will normally result in your body becoming insulin resistant. And this makes it very difficult for your body to maintain a healthy blood sugar level.

How to maintain a healthy blood sugar level.

Eat healthy carbohydrates- Low GINot all carbohydrates are creased equal! The Glycimec Index of a carbohydrate shows its impact on our blood sugar level. You are striving to eat carbs with a low GI. This means that low GI food is more slowly digested and causes a slower rise in blood sugar. High GI foods cause a higher and faster rise in blood sugar levels. Although you don’t have to avoid all high GI foods, you should try and combine them with low or intermediate GI foods when possible. Overconsumption of high GI foods will cause dangerous spikes in blood sugar resulting in fat storage.

Graze, don’t gorge!It is better to eat smaller meals and snacks throughout the day rather than eating nothing for a hours and then eating a large amount of food. This way you can maintain good energy levels without spikes in your blood sugar levels. Your blood sugar will normally be lowest in the morning so a good breakfast is essential.

Eat Protein and Carbohydrates togetherProtein makes you feel fuller. It also helps slow down the absorption of carbs into the blood stream. Try to eat a portion of both protein and carbs at every meal. A portion of protein is the amount you can fit in the palm of your hand. The best sources include lean red meat (once/twice a week), fish, chicken, eggs, legumes, nuts, seeds and tofu.

Keep it steady!

EACH TIME YOU CONSUME FOODS, YOUR BLOOD SUGAR WILL RISE.

Exercise should not be seen as a counterbalance to a poor diet. It would take about 30 mins of jogging to burn off a medium muffin and 2 hours to burn off a Big Mac Meal!

Your Brain uses about 20% of your energy each day! If your blood sugar is too low you will not be able to concentrate & think properly.

INDICATORS OF POOR BLOOD SUGAR LEVELS

• You Wake up tired• You find it difficult to

get energised in the mornings

• You normally reach for something sweet after meals

• You get Energy slumps during the day

Too many calories or carbs per meal

Skip a meal, restrict calories or carbs or exercise on an empty stomach

Blood Sugar drops

BODY BURNS MUSCLE & HOLDS ON TO FAT, ENERGY CRASHES & CRAVINGS INCREASE

Blood Sugar spikes Body stores fat

BODY RELEASES FAT, PROTECTS LEAN MUSCLE, ELIMINATES CRAVINGS AND INCREASES ENERGY

Stable Blood Sugar

Reducing sugarReduce your consumption of sugary processed foods such as chocolates, cakes, biscuits, sugary breakfast cereal and soft drinks. These foods give a sharp rise in blood sugar levels.

FibreFibre helps to stabilise blood sugar levels. It slows the absorption of glucose from food, which reduces the sharp rise in blood sugar levels. Best sources include wholegrain breads and cereals, brown rice, legumes, fruit and vegetables.

ChromiumChromium helps normalise blood sugar levels and enhance insulin production. Sources include broccoli, wholegrain cereals, nuts, mushrooms and soy beans.

Exercise – 5 days a weekPhysical activity is a very important part of maintaining healthy blood sugar levels. It reduces blood sugar, improves blood pressure, cholesterol levels and improves strength, stamina and suppleness. It also helps the body decrease it’s insulin resistance and burn excess sugar. Second level students should take at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity most days of the week.





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‘To love what you do

and feel that it matters –

how could anything

be more fun?’

Katharine Graham

JANUARY ‘17






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Kathleen Lynn (1874-1955) a suffragette, labour activist and nationalist, was chief medical officer for the Irish Citizen Army during the 1916 Easter Rising. She established Saint Ultan’s Hospital for Infants in 1919 to provide medical and educational facilities for impoverished mothers and infants.






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‘Action is the antidote

to despair.’

Joan BaezJANUARY ‘17






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Ole Kirk Christiansen The LEGO(TM) toy company was founded in 1932 by Danish carpenter Ole Kirk Christiansen and originally produced wooden toys. The word LEGO comes from two Danish words, ‘LEg GOdt,’ meaning ‘play well.’ The interlocking plastic blocks were invented by Godtfred Christiansen (Ole’s son), patented in 1958 and first sold in the USA, 1961.






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‘When we do the best

that we can, we never know

what miracle is wrought in

our life, or.. another.’

Helen Keller

JANUARY ‘17






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Nora Herlihy (1910–1988) was an Irish schoolteacher and one of the key founders of the credit union movement in Ireland. She was a national school teacher in Dublin during the 1950s. As a teacher she observed the effects of poverty, unemployment and money-lending on her students and their families.






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‘All that is valuable in

human society depends

pon the opportunity for

development accorded

the individual.’

Albert Einstein

JANUARY ‘17






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Adolf Eugen Fick Contact lenses were envisioned by Leonardo da Vinci (c.1508) and eventually made in 1888 by German physiologist Adolf Eugen Fick from heavy brown glass, 18-21mm in diameter. Californian optician Kevin Tuohy made plastic contact lenses first in 1948. Soft contact lenses (hydrophilic) and gas-permeable lenses came in the 1970s.






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‘Genius is the ability to

reduce the complicated

to the simple.’

C. W. Ceram

JAN/FEB ‘17






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Mary Jane McLeod Bethune (1875-1955) was an educator and life rights leader best known for starting a private school for African-American students in Florida. She was appointed as a national adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. Born to parents who had been slaves, she started working in fields at age five.


What is Sugar?Sugars are carbohydrates and the main source of energy for our bodies. They naturally occur in fruits, vegetables and dairy. Our diet should be made up of 40-60% of good carbohydrates.

What is the “problem” with Sugar?Sugars, which naturally occur in our diet, are not the source of the problem. It is the highly processed and refined sugars that are added to the processed foods we eat which are poisoning our bodies and making us sick and fat. This added sugar is highly processed and has had all the nutrients and fibre extracted. This is why it is referred to as “Empty Calories”. You are getting all the calories but none of the essential nutrients. These processed sugars are absorbed quickly into our system, spiking our blood sugar levels which leads to fat storage and other health issues.

Manufacturers use sugar to add flavor to foods and act as a preservative, thus giving their products a longer shelve life, making them easier to transport and sell around the world. It is not added because of their concern for your health! Processed sugar is added to over 70% of processed foods.

When we consume natural sugars in the fruit and vegetables we eat they come together with a whole host of other nutrients and most importantly, fibre. The fibre helps to slow down the absorption of the sugars into the blood stream and maintain a healthy blood sugar level.

Glucose V FructoseWhen sugar is digested it is broken down into two simple sugars – glucose and fructose.

Glucose is essential for life and is our body’s main source of energy. When Glucose gets into our blood stream it can be used as an energy source by every cell in our body. This keeps our muscles moving, our gut digesting, our heart pumping, our lungs breathing and most importantly our brain working! Your brain uses about 20% of your daily energy requirement. When your blood sugar level is too low you will feel tired and your brain is going to slow down and you will have poor concentration. This isn’t good for schoolwork!

Fructose is different! Fructose is an energy source that can not be directly used in the same way as glucose. Unlike glucose, fructose can old be broken down in the liver. Once broken down it is stored in the liver as glycogen. But the liver can only store a small amount of glycogen and once this store is full all further fructose is turned into fat and stored around your body. So when you consume large amounts of fructose (think fizzy drinks) most of this will be turned to fat. Another problem is that not all the fat gets out of the liver and fatty deposits remain in the liver which can cause Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Fructose does not promote satiety in the brain or lower the hunger hormone Ghrelin as much as glucose – so you can keep consuming Fructose and you wont feel full!

sugar ain’t sweet!

of our diet should be made up of good carbohydrates.

40-60%

Processed sugar is added to over 70% of processed foods.

+70%

Useful linkswww.sugarstacks.com/snacks.htm See The App for more information and resources.

While fructose is found in fruits and vegetables it is difficult to eat too much fructose from fresh fruit/vegetables because you would have to eat so much of them. But do be aware that dried fruits (raisins, figs, dates etc.) are higher in fructose so don’t eat too many of them!

High Fructose Corn Syrup – the really bad guy!High Fructose Corn Syrup needs a special mention as it is widely used as a sweetener in processed foods. It is made from corn and is popular in food processing because it is cheaper than sugar, easier to handle and more reliable in supply. It is made up of 55% fructose and 45% glucose. It is equally as bad a other sugars added in food processing – and there tends to be a lot of added sugar – READ THE LABEL!!

Consuming too much sugar can lead to insulin resistance which is a stepping stone to poor health, specifically metabolic Syndrome and diabetes.

There is considerable evidence that sugar, due to its harmful effects on metabolism, can contribute to cancer.

Sugar actually leaches vitamins and minerals from the body with the demands it makes for its digestion, detoxification and elimination.

Sugar causes a release of dopamine which gives us feelings of pleasure. For this reason people who are susceptible to addiction can become addicted to sugar.

Because of the effects of sugar on hormones and the brain, sugar dramatically increases the risk of becoming overweight or obese.

Glucose & Fructose Metabolism

READ THE LABEL!

40-60%

+70%

*** Sugar is a cheap preservative that extends food’s shelf life and keeps prices low.

*** You want a diet low in refined sugar and high in fibre.

*** Eat fruit as a desert

*** Eat plenty of fibre. It protects your liver from sugar and makes you feel full.





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‘History calls those men the

greatest who have ennobled

themselves by working for

the common good.’

Karl Marx

FEBRUARY ‘17






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Mary Raftery (1957-2012) was an Irish investigative journalist, filmmaker and writer. Her documentaries uncovered widespread past abuse in the Irish childcare system. Her work led to the setting up of both the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse and the Murphy Commission into clerical abuse in the Dublin Archdiocese.






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‘Obstacles are those

frightful things you see

when you take your eyes

off your goals.’

Henry Ford

FEBRUARY ‘17






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Stephanie Kwolek (1923-2014) worked as a chemist for DuPont and is best known for inventing the first of a family of synthetic fibers of exceptional strength and stiffness: poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, better known as Kevlar, the fiber used to make bullet proof vests.






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‘It is not enough to have

a good mind. The main thing

is to use it well.’

Rene DescartesFEBRUARY ‘17






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Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) was an Italian inventor, artist and scientist. Da Vinci had an interest in engineering and made detailed sketches of the airplane, helicopter, parachute, submarine, armoured car, ballista (a giant crossbow), rapid-fire guns, centrifugal pump to drain wet areas and ball bearings.






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‘You will become as

small as your controlling

desire; as great as your

dominant aspiration.’

James Allen

FEB/MAR ‘17






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Anna Atkins (1799-1871) was an English botanist and photographer. She is often considered the first person to publish a book illustrated with photographic images. Some sources claim that she was the first woman to create a photograph.


What are antioxidants?Antioxidants are an essential part of optimal health. They are the micronutrients which your body uses to rage war on the Free Radicals in your body. They are your army of protectors against aging, sickness and ill health. Your body produces some antioxidants but this level of production will decline with age. Your diet is the main source of essential antioxidants. There are some foods which are packed with more antioxidants that others and these are called Super Foods. Different foods have different anti oxidants and it is very important to get a wide range of antioxidants.

What are Free Radicals?Free Radicals are the “Exhaust Fumes” produced by your body during normal metabolism and energy production. They are also produced in response to external factors in the environment such as UV Rays and atmospheric pollution. Stress and poor diet are other major contributors to free radicals in the body. These free radicals damage your DNA and cell structures causing cells to die. They are linked to over 60 different diseases including Cancer, Parkinson’s, Alzheimer’s and Cataracts.

It is critical to protect your body from the damage caused by these free radicals. This can be done by improving your external environment – getting out into the countryside for plenty of good clean fresh air. Taking regular exercise to help stimulate the body and mind and reduce stress. And lastly through your diet by consuming plenty of plant based raw foods.

Antioxidant Food SourcesYour diet is the main source of antioxidants. If you consume a balanced, unprocessed diet that’s full of high-quality, raw organic foods, especially fruits and vegetables, your body will acquire the essential nutrients and antioxidants it requires to achieve or maintain optimal health. Here is a list of the best sources and as you might have guessed plants some out on top!

Fresh, organic vegetables.Most Vegetables are loaded with potent phytochemicals that can reduce inflammation and eliminate carcinogens. As cooking and heat can damage a lot of the nutrients in plants, you must eat them raw in order to maximize the benefits. Always reach for the freshest available and try and get organic.

Dark green vegetables (think, Kale, Spinach, Cabbage, leeks) are bursting with antioxidants including Vitamin C, E, and A, calcium, magnesium and potassium.

Sweet potatoes are packed with vitamins C and B6, potassium, fibre calcium and lots of vitamin A. Carrots and butternut squash are excellent sources of nutrients also.

Fruits. Fresh berries like blueberries, blackberries, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, are excellent sources of antioxidants. The Acai Berry is by far the best source of antioxidants. They are all packed with phytochemicals, vitamin C, carotenes, and carotenoids, as well as nutrients like zinc, potassium, iron, calcium, and magnesium.

Antioxidants & Super foods

Dark green vegetables are rich in antioxidants

THINK GREEN

Note: It is best to consume fruits in moderation as they contain fructose.

Nuts. Nuts are one of the most balanced foods on the planet. They are a great source of good fats, phytochemicals and plant sterols. Variety is important here as different nuts offer more or one nutrient that another. For example Walnuts are the highest in plant omega-3s and Brazil nuts are best for selenium.

Herbs and spices. These have been used for thousands of years as a source of food and healing. A lot of herbs come from plant leaves while spices tend to come from the plants bark, stem and seeds. As with all plants it is best to consume fresh herbs and spices.

Organic green tea. This antioxidant-rich drink contains epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a catechin polyphenol

and one of the most powerful antioxidants known today. EGCG benefits you by lowering your risk of heart attack and stroke, glaucoma, high cholesterol, and more. Studies have also found that it can improve your exercise performance, increase fat oxidation, and even help prevent obesity due to its regulatory effect on fat metabolism. To ensure you are getting the best tea always use loose leaf and preferably organic.

Whole Grains. Making this one dietary change may significantly improve your health: Switch to whole grains. eat whole grain bread instead of white bread, wild or brown rice instead of white rice. This will ensure you are getting the most phytochemicals and other micronutrients such as zinc and selenium.

Free radicals

SWITCH TO WHOLEGRAINS

THINK GREEN

Free radicals damage your DNA and cell structures

FREE





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‘Chance favours the

prepared mind.’

Louis PasteurMARCH ‘17






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Sir Sandford Fleming (1827–1915) The Earth is divided into 24 time zones so that everyone in the world can be on roughly similar schedules (like noon being roughly when the sun is highest in the sky). The idea was proposed by Canadian railway planner and engineer Sir Sandford Fleming in 1879.






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‘Education is the most

powerful weapon which you

can use to change the world.’

Nelson MandelaMARCH ‘17






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Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1910–1997) The aqualung is a breathing apparatus that supplies oxygen to divers allowing them to stay underwater for several hours. It was invented in 1943 by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and French industrial gas control systems engineer Emile Gagnan and tested down to 210ft (64m) depth. It was the first modern scuba system.






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‘Swallow your pride,

you will not die,

it’s not poison.’

Bob Dylan

MARCH ‘17






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Garrett Morgan The gas mask was invented in 1914 by Garrett Morgan, an African-American inventor and son of former slaves. Morgan used his gas mask to rescue miners who were trapped underground in a noxious mine. Soon after, Morgan was asked to produce gas masks for the US Army.






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‘Fashion is a form of

ugliness so intolerable that

we have to alter it

every six months.’

Oscar Wilde

MARCH ‘17






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Jonas Salk (1914–1995) In 1947, research physician Jonas Salk formulated a vaccine against the devastating disease polio. Poliomyelitis (‘infantile paralysis’), crippled thousands of children in the world epidemic of the 1940s and 1950s. Some victims were totally paralysed and needed to live in ‘iron lungs’ (a large apparatus to help the patient breathe).


Over 70% of the planet is covered with water. Our bodies made up of 50-60% water. In Ireland we sure get enough water in the form of rain! And in 2015 we all started paying for our water. We should be thankful there is so much of it about because water has a number of important biological functions that are vital to good health. Even slight dehydration can cause problems in body function. Here is a summary of what is does and why we need it: Regulates Body TemperatureWater helps your body stay cool by regulating your body temperature (98.6 degrees Fahrenheit) through sweat.

Universal SolventWater serves as an important solvent for all biochemical processes in your body. Water carries dissolved substances all around your body. About 83 percent of your blood is water, which helps transfer nutrients, oxygen, carbon dioxide and waste products from one cell to another.

Maintains Electrolyte BalanceWater helps maintain the right balance of electrolytes in your body. Electrolytes are the electrically charged ions, such as sodium or chloride ions, that need to be stored at certain levels to maintain the correct water content of your cells. Electrolytes supply all types of information to your brain in the form of electrical signals called nerve impulses. They also help regulate muscle activity. Cells that don’t maintain their balance of fluids and electrolytes shrivel, which can result in muscle fatigue. Water helps kidneys

eliminate waste.Nearly everything that you put in your body has some type of toxin in it. Your body has an amazing filtration system in the kidneys which extract and filter toxins. Without proper hydration the kidneys cannot perform their job. Water also helps reduce kidney stones as it dilutes salts and minerals in your urine that form the kidney stones.

Water helps keep joints lubricated.All the joints in our body need water for lubrication. If our joints don’t get enough lubrication they will be come worn and wont work effectively. Water helps with oxygenation.Water carries oxygen around the body. If you don’t have enough water this oxygen cannot be transported and the cells, including muscle cells, cannot function properly without oxygen.

It is especially important to drink extra fluids when exercising. Depending on the type of training you are doing and the level of intensity the rate of water loss through sweating can hit 1-2 liters per hour. It is best to drink either plain water or sports drinks with electrolytes.

Water helps with digestion.The saliva in your mouth is mostly water. The digestion process starts with saliva which breaks down your foods in preparation for stomach digestion. Water allows the food to keep flowing along your intestinal tract. If you are not getting enough hydration this flow will be impaired and your colon will

Waterh20

WATER HELPS KEEP SKIN LOOKING GOOD...

Our bodies made up of 50-60% water.

50-60%

WATER HELPS KEEP SKIN LOOKING GOOD...

50-60%

extract water from your stools which will give you constipation.

Water Helps Keep Skin Looking GoodYou skin contains plenty of water. Proper skin hydration helps to keep the skin moist and prevents dryness and wrinkles. Moisturisers create a barrier to keep moisture in.

Other sources of waterFood actually provides 20 percent of your recommended daily intake of water, according to the Institute of Medicine. Besides their many nutritional benefits, another good reason to eat your daily fruits and vegetables is to get their high percentage of water. Other sources of water include your drinks during the day, your smoothies and the milk on your porridge.

So how much water do you need?Enough to replace what you lose daily through urination, sweating, even exhaling. This need will increase:

In warm or hot weather

With vigorous physical activity & exercise

During illness, especially if you have a fever, are vomiting, having diarrhea or coughing

You often hear that you need to drink eight 8-ounce glasses of water each day (2 litres). This is a guideline! Everyone is different. There are a whole range of factors which will impact your need for water. Listen to your body. If you are thirsty then drink! If you are not thirsty then don’t drink more water to reach your 8 glasses! Your urine should be a nice yellow color and you should need to urinate 4-6 times and day and should be able to sleep through the night without having to pee.

to take into account all of the other drinks and liquids (besides plain water) you consume each day which are contain water and note that foods account for about 20% of your water intake: Tea, Coffee, Juice, Milk on cereals, soups, broths, Smoothies, Vegetables & fruits.

REMEMBER

sfgsfhdghdgh+XX%

Moistens tissues such as those in the mouth, eyes and nose

Protects body organs and tissues

Helps prevent constipation

Helps dissolve minerals and other nutrients to make them accessible to the body

Regulates body temperature

Lubricatesjoints

Lessens the burden on the kidneys and liver by flushing out waste products

Carries nutrients and oxygen to cells





3

4

5

‘Many receive advice, only

the wise profit from it.’

SyrusAPRIL ‘17






6

7

Bessie Nesmith (1924–1980) Liquid Paper (Tipp-Ex) is a quick-drying, white liquid that is painted onto paper to correct printed material. It was invented in 1951 by secretary and artist Bessie Nesmith from white tempera paint, before the days of word processors. Her son, Mike Nesmith, was a member of the rock group called The Monkees.






10

11

12

‘I am not of that feather, to

shake off my friend when he

must need me.’

Shakespeare

APRIL ‘17






13

14

Marian Anderson (1897-1993) Singer Marian Anderson was important in the struggle for black artists to overcome racism in the USA. When in 1939, she was banned from singing in DC’s Constitution Hall because she was black, the Roosevelt administration arranged an outdoor concert for a crowd of 75,000. She was the first African American to sing with the Metropolitan Opera.






17

18

19

‘People will forget what

you said... what you did, but

people will never forget how

you made them feel.’

Maya Angelou

APRIL ‘17






20

21

John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich (1718–1792) ‘Sandwiches’ got their name from John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich who reputedly asked for his salt beef inside the bread to save time. However, the first recorded sandwich was by Rabbi Hillel the Elder in the 1st century BC. He started the Passover custom of sandwiching chopped nuts, apples, spices and wine between matzohs.






24

25

26

‘When one’s mind is made

up, this diminishes fear;

knowing what must be done

does away with fear.’

Rosa Parks

APRIL ‘17






27

28

Isadora Duncan (1877-1927) the mother of modern dance, chafed under what she saw as the rigid restrictions of classical forms and replaced them with free, expansive, expressive movement. She influenced a generation of dancers - and loosened us all up.


food labelsopen your eyes

My Fitness Pal App

CHECK OUT

While you will not always make the healthiest food choices you should always know what you are eating! If you have no idea what you are putting in your mouth and the effect it has on your body you will find it impossible to achieve a healthy, fit and energised you. One of the most important skills you can learn in achieving a healthy body is the ability to read, and more importantly understand, both the ingredients and Nutritional Labels on foods. These tell you what is in the pack and the nutritional contents of the food.

Ingredients – This will tell you what was used to make the product. The ingredients are listed in descending order, so the ingredient which is used in the greater amount will be listed first and in the lease amount last. So Pay Attention to the running order! EYES!

If there are lots of ingredients that you cannot pronounce or recognise, put it back on the shelf! Your should try to avoid those foods! Generally, you only want to see a few ingredients. This will indicate a low level of processing. Watch out for sugar! Choose products with low sugar content. Sugar can be disguised - if you see any of the following, they are sugar! : Agave Nectar, Barley Malt Syrup, Beet Sugar, Brown Rice Syrup, Brown Sugar, Cane Crystals (or, even better, “cane juice crystals”), Cane Sugar, Corn sweetener, Corn syrup, or corn syrup solids, Dehydrated Cane Juice, Dextrin, Dextrose, Evaporated Cane Juice,, Fruit juice concentrate, Glucose, High-fructose corn syrup, Honey, Invert sugar, Lactose, Maltodextrin, Malt syrup, Maltose, Maple syrup, Molasses, Palm Sugar, Raw sugar,

Rice Syrup, Saccharose, Sorghum or sorghum syrup, Sucrose, Syrup, Treacle, Turbinado Sugar, Xylose.

My Fitness Pal – This is a great FREE app which can help you keep a food diary to really see how your diet weighs up – I guarantee what you think you’re eating and what you are eating will be totally different things! It is a really good idea to keep a food diary for at least a few weeks to accurately monitor what you are eating and get a clearer picture of your eating habits and nutrient intake.

Nutritional Label – This shows you the calorie count and key nutrients in the food (carbohydrate, protein, fats, fibre, sugar, vitamins, minerals). Of course you have to know a bit about each of these nutrients and the role they play in your diet in order to fully understand this information.

Calories – The calorie count shows the amount of energy in the food. It is generally shown per 100gm/100ml so you need to work out how many grams you are eating in a serving to know your calorie intake. If the carton contains 200gm/200ml and you are eating the whole carton then you need to calculate your overall intake based on 200 gm. Calories are a great way to keep an eye on your food intake, but don’t get hung up on counting calories! If you are eating whole foods and limiting or cutting out processed foods you will generally find you will have a healthy body and don’t need to be obsessed with monitoring and counting calories.

unique schools

app

Glucose & Fructose Metabolism

NUTRITIONAL LABELS

Look at these Nutritional Labels from some popular products.

LOOK

CHECK OUT

McCambridge Lidl Cereal Big Mac Spelt BreadTypical Values Per 100g Per Slice Per 100g Per 30g ** Per PortionEnergy kcal 207 75 387 177 540Fat 1.43g 0.5g 2.5g 3.0g 28gOf which saturates 0.29g 0.1g 1.1g 1.7g 10gCarbohydrates 37g 13g 84g 31g 47gOf which sugars 2.34g 0.8g 32g 16g 13gFibre 5g 1.8g 3.4g 1.0g 3gProtein 9g 3g 5.4g 6.1g 25gSalt 1.7g 0.6g 0.5g 0.29 0.970g

** with 125ml semi/skimmed milk

Is it low in calories?

Review vitamin & mineral content!

Review the nutritional information: Vitamins, minerals, protein, fats, quality carbs!

Read the nutritional information!

Read the ingredients!Generally, the fewer ingredients the better!

Is it low in sugar?Watch out for hidden sugars!

Is it low in saturated fat, and has no trans fats?





1

2

3

‘Well done is better

than well said.’

Ben FranklinMAY ‘17






4

5

Joseph Gayetty sold the first manufactured flat toilet paper in 1857, although the first use of toilet paper was in 6th century China. Seth Wheeler of Albany, USA, later obtained patents for perforated toilet roll (1871) dispensers. In poorer countries other cleaning materials are used, eg rags, sand, leaves, corn cobs, sticks.






8

9

10

‘Life is what happens

while you are busy making

other plans.’

John Lennon

MAY ‘17






11

12

Tim Berners-Lee (born 1955) London, England) invented the World Wide Web. Working at CERN in Switzerland, his aim was to share scientific and other data around the world using the Internet, a world-wide network of computers. Since he wrote the first browser in 1990, growth of the web has been phenomenal and changed the world.






15

16

17

‘Always forgive your

enemies; nothing annoys

them so much.’

Oscar WildeMAY ‘17






18

19

Captain Albert Berry The idea of a parachute was written about by Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519). Louis-Sébastien Lenormand in 1783, France, demonstrated the idea by jumping from a tall tree with two parasols. The first person to survive a jump from an airplane was Captain Albert Berry in 1912. Parachutes were first used in war towards the end of World War I.






22

23

24

‘Do not wish to be anything

but what you are, and try to

be that perfectly.’

St Francis de SalesMAY ‘17






25

26

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686–1736) The invention of the thermometer began in the 11th century and was notably developed by Galileo Galilei in the 16th century. His ‘thermoscope’ consisted of water in a glass bulb; the water moved up and down as the temperature changed. German physicist Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, using mercury, created a temperature scale in 1724.






29

30

31

‘I always view problems

as opportunities in

work clothes.’

Frederick WilcoxMAY/JUNE ‘17






1

2

Dorothea Lange (1895-1965) was an influential American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Lange’s photographs humanized the consequences of the Great Depression and influenced the development of documentary photography.






5

6

7

‘The philosophers have only

interpreted the world; the

point is to change it.’

Karl Marx

JUNE ‘17






8

9

Bartolomeo Cristofori The modern piano was developed from the harpsichord in 1709 by Bartolomeo Cristofori of Padua, Italy. Sound was produced through felt hammers striking a metal string (strings were plucked in the harpsichord) enabling a gradient of sound. The first true upright was made in 1800 by John Isaac Hawkins (an Englishman living in Philadelphia).






12

13

14

‘The first precept was

never to accept a thing as

true until I knew it as such

without a single doubt.’

Rene Descartes

JUNE ‘17






15

16

Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) was an English writer and one of the foremost modernists of the twentieth century. During the interwar period, Woolf was a significant figure in London literary society and a central figure in the influential Bloomsbury Group of intellectuals.






19

20

21

‘Never give up, for that is

just the place and time that

the tide will turn.’

Harriet Beecher StoweJUNE ‘17






22

23

Gertrude Belle Elion (1918 – 1999) a Nobel Prize-winning research scientist, codeveloped two drugs that fought leukemia and, in 1957, developed the first immunosuppressant agent, a development that made it possible to transplant organs.






26

27

28

‘A person who never made

a mistake never tried

anything new.’

Albert EinsteinJUNE ‘17






29

30

William Beebe (1877–1962) A bathysphere is a pressurised metal sphere that allows people to reach ocean depths which are otherwise impossible. It was constructed by American naturalist and undersea explorer William Beebe and Otis Barton in1930, going down to 245 meters, later 923 meters. They communicated with the surface via telephone.






3

4

5

‘Life is not easy for any

of us. But what of that? We

must have perseverance.’

Marie CurieJULY ‘17






6

7

Alice Hamilton (1869-1970) can be seen as the founder of Industrial Toxicology. The first woman professor at Harvard, she identified poisons in the workplace and brought attention to lead poisoning as a health hazard.






10

11

12

‘The secret of happiness is

not in doing what one likes,

but in liking what one does.’

James M. BarrieJULY ‘17






13

14

Vincent Barry (1908-1975) Born in Cork, Ireland, he accidently discovered a cure for leprosy while trying to solve Ireland’s tuberculosis problem. Compound B663 would go on to cure 15 million people of this devastating disease.






17

18

19

‘Efforts and courage are not

enough without prupose and

direction.’

John F Kennedy

JULY ‘17






20

21

Candy Lightner (born 1946) Candy Lightner founded Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) after her 13-year-old daughter was killed by a repeat drink-drive offender. There had been scant legal consequences for drink-driving but her organisation transformed American attitudes and successfully fought for stricter laws.






24

25

26

‘Nothing is particularly

hard if you divide it into

small jobs.’

Henry Ford

JULY ‘17






27

28

Tiananmen Tank Man This photo of a man standing directly in front of a tank near Tiananmen Square was taken on 5 June 1989, the day after China’s bloody crackdown on student protesters. Despite his anonymity, Tank Man has become a symbol of resistance to government oppression.






31

1

2

‘We are all in the gutter,

but some of us are looking

at the stars.’

Oscar WildeJULY/AUGUST ‘17






3

4

J. K. Rowling (born 1965) Inspired a new generation of readers with her Harry Potter books. First published in 1997 under the name “J.K.” Rowling, her publisher didn’t believe a woman’s name would appeal to boys. She is the UK’s best-selling author to date and notable philanthropist.






7

8

9

AUGUST ‘17 ‘The secret of getting ahead

is getting started.’

Mark Twain






10

11

Frank Wills (1948-2000) On 17 June 1972, security guard Frank Wills called the police when he found signs of a break-in at the Democratic HQ Watergate office. Two years later, President Nixon resigned in disgrace over his involvement in the coverup of the Watergate break-in.






14

15

16

‘Things do not happen.

Things are made to happen.’

John F KennedyAUGUST ‘17






17

18

Ryan White (1971-1990) A teen from Indiana, Ryan was a hemophiliac who contracted AIDS through a blood transfusion. After being expelled from middle school because of his infection, his fight for fair and equal treatment helped expose the myths and discrimination faced by AIDS patients.


Introduction

Give me one good reason to read!Research shows that those students who read well do better at school. • Doing well at school requires so much more than memorising facts. It

takes skills. We often don’t think of reading as a skill but learning how to read well can help us to revise more effi ciently, to perform better in exams and can generally help us get the most out of all our subjects – not just English!

Would you like to be better at putting across your viewpoint, making an argument or persuading someone of something? • We all can get better at this and reading is the key! When we read, we

gain knowledge, extend our vocabulary and broaden our minds. Our command of the English language grows and our communication skills grow with it.

And it can be fun!

Okay, that’s more than one good reason to read. So, how do you get started!

How do I get better at reading?

Rule number 1: Read about things that interest you.If you follow soccer – read the latest match reviews in the newspaper or check out what other fans thought in forums or club websites. Research the history, score tables and backgrounds of the players by doing a quick online search. If fashion is your thing, fi nd out who inspired the latest catwalk trends – research the original fashion-houses and you’ll be guaranteed to fi nd a few similarities with what’s in stores today! Read daily blogs online, fashion magazines or books on how fashion has infl uenced our culture through the decades.

It doesn’t have to be soccer or fashion! If it’s chess, cooking, fi lm, Formula One, equine biology, genetic engineering or outer space – everyone has an interest in something. And luckily for us, information about everything is at our fi ngertips. So go fi nd it.

Keyword Journal

NOTES

Introduction

Give me one good reason to read!Research shows that those students who read well do better at school. • Doing well at school requires so much more than memorising facts. It

takes skills. We often don’t think of reading as a skill but learning how to read well can help us to revise more effi ciently, to perform better in exams and can generally help us get the most out of all our subjects – not just English!

Would you like to be better at putting across your viewpoint, making an argument or persuading someone of something? • We all can get better at this and reading is the key! When we read, we

gain knowledge, extend our vocabulary and broaden our minds. Our command of the English language grows and our communication skills grow with it.

And it can be fun!

Okay, that’s more than one good reason to read. So, how do you get started!

How do I get better at reading?

Rule number 1: Read about things that interest you.If you follow soccer – read the latest match reviews in the newspaper or check out what other fans thought in forums or club websites. Research the history, score tables and backgrounds of the players by doing a quick online search. If fashion is your thing, fi nd out who inspired the latest catwalk trends – research the original fashion-houses and you’ll be guaranteed to fi nd a few similarities with what’s in stores today! Read daily blogs online, fashion magazines or books on how fashion has infl uenced our culture through the decades.

It doesn’t have to be soccer or fashion! If it’s chess, cooking, fi lm, Formula One, equine biology, genetic engineering or outer space – everyone has an interest in something. And luckily for us, information about everything is at our fi ngertips. So go fi nd it.

Keyword Journal

Keyword Journal

Rule number 2: Make a habit of it. Every day if you can.Did you know it takes 4 weeks of doing something every day for it to become a habit?! Like learning a language, taking up yoga or going to the gym – reading takes practice. If we want to train certain muscles in our body, we work them out regularly. Our brain is a muscle too! So work it out by reading as often as you can!

Rule number 3: Don’t sit on the fence – get involved!Practice what’s called Active Reading. Whether you’re reading a poem, a blog, an essay or an article, ask yourself the following questions:

1. What are the main messages the author wants me to know? Identify them.

2. What do I know about this topic already? Fill in the gaps. 3. Do I understand all the main ideas? If yes – great! If no – find out –

by asking the teacher, checking the dictionary or supplementing your knowledge online.

4. Do I agree or disagree with them? Question yourself. 5. Can I put these words or ideas in a visual form? Draw, sketch,

visualise or mindmap. Adding colour and shapes to ideas helps the brain to remember information.

What is Grammar and why is it important?

Really hanging friends I ! out enjoy with my. Mmmm…..What’s wrong with this sentence? It is not grammatically correct. It should read: ‘I really enjoy hanging out with my friends!’ Grammar refers to our whole system of language and how we structure our language with different rules and words. Without grammar, we wouldn’t be able to communicate as effectively as we do. It’s important we understand the basic grammatical rules of our own language – English. Let’s look at the different components of grammar.

Q: What do you say when you are comforting the grammar police?

A: There, Their, They’re

Keyword Journal

Rule number 2: Make a habit of it. Every day if you can.Did you know it takes 4 weeks of doing something every day for it to become a habit?! Like learning a language, taking up yoga or going to the gym – reading takes practice. If we want to train certain muscles in our body, we work them out regularly. Our brain is a muscle too! So work it out by reading as often as you can!

Rule number 3: Don’t sit on the fence – get involved!Practice what’s called Active Reading. Whether you’re reading a poem, a blog, an essay or an article, ask yourself the following questions:

1. What are the main messages the author wants me to know? Identify them.

2. What do I know about this topic already? Fill in the gaps. 3. Do I understand all the main ideas? If yes – great! If no – find out –

by asking the teacher, checking the dictionary or supplementing your knowledge online.

4. Do I agree or disagree with them? Question yourself. 5. Can I put these words or ideas in a visual form? Draw, sketch,

visualise or mindmap. Adding colour and shapes to ideas helps the brain to remember information.

What is Grammar and why is it important?

Really hanging friends I ! out enjoy with my. Mmmm…..What’s wrong with this sentence? It is not grammatically correct. It should read: ‘I really enjoy hanging out with my friends!’ Grammar refers to our whole system of language and how we structure our language with different rules and words. Without grammar, we wouldn’t be able to communicate as effectively as we do. It’s important we understand the basic grammatical rules of our own language – English. Let’s look at the different components of grammar.

Q: What do you say when you are comforting the grammar police?

A: There, Their, They’re

What is a SENTENCE? A group of words that are put together to mean something. It starts with a capital letter and fi nishes with a full stop, an exclamation mark or a question mark. A sentence always contains at least a subject (noun or pronoun) and a verb except in the case of giving orders – STOP! WAIT! etc. We use sentences to make statements, to express emotion, to ask questions and to give orders.

Examples:I live in a small town just outside Cork city. They are very nervous about the exams.Why are you so late? Don’t sit there!

What is a NOUN?People, places or things are called nouns. There are two types of nouns – common and proper.

We use common nouns for general items. For example:

When you arrive at school, what do you see? Lockers, pens, books, uniforms, schoolbags, desks, chairs – all of these things are common nouns.

When you arrive at school, who do you see? Teachers, friends, teammates, sports coaches, prefects – all of these people are common nouns.

When you arrive at school, where do you go? Classrooms, sports hall, dinner hall, toilets, corridors, tennis courts, sports-pitches – all of these places are common nouns.

We use proper nouns for specifi c people, places or things. Given that we’re talking about something specifi c and one-of-a-kind – we give proper nouns a capital letter.

To make things a little clearer for you, here is a list of proper noun categories.

• Holidays: Christmas, New Year’s Day, Hanukkah, Ramadan, Thanksgiving.

• Geographical areas: Asia, Europe, Spain, the Nile River.

• People, titles and pets: Ms. Susan Murphy, Snoopy, Dr. John Smith.

• Books, newspapers, magazines: Pride and Prejudice, The Irish Times, Hello.

Keyword Journal

• Companies and organisations: Google, St. Vincent de Paul, Microsoft. • Religious terms: Christian, Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Hindu,

God, Allah. • Places, buildings: Phoenix Park, Empire State Building, the Spire. • Titles: President Higgins,Taoiseach, Queen Elizabeth, Judge Judy (titles

are not capitalized when they’re referred to in general terms. For example: The criminal appeared before the judge).

• Languages: English, German, Russian. • Brand names: Gucci, Adidas, Ballygowan.

What is a PRONOUN?We use pronouns in the place of nouns to make sentences less clumsy and less repetitive. There are many different kinds of pronouns, including:

Subject pronouns Object pronouns Possessive pronouns Reflexive pronouns

I me my myselfyou you your yourselfhe/she/it him/her/it his/her/its himself/herself/itselfwe us our ourselvesyou (plural) you (plural) your (plural) yourselvesthey them their themselves

Lucy went shopping and she spent a fortune!“Show me what you bought”, her Mum said, when she got home.“Did you spend all your money?” she said. “I couldn’t help myself!” Lucy replied.

Reciprocal Interrogative Relative Demonstrative pronouns pronouns pronouns pronouns

each other which which thisone another who where these

Keyword Journal

• Companies and organisations: Google, St. Vincent de Paul, Microsoft. • Religious terms: Christian, Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, Hindu,

God, Allah. • Places, buildings: Phoenix Park, Empire State Building, the Spire. • Titles: President Higgins,Taoiseach, Queen Elizabeth, Judge Judy (titles

are not capitalized when they’re referred to in general terms. For example: The criminal appeared before the judge).

• Languages: English, German, Russian. • Brand names: Gucci, Adidas, Ballygowan.

What is a PRONOUN?We use pronouns in the place of nouns to make sentences less clumsy and less repetitive. There are many different kinds of pronouns, including:

Subject pronouns Object pronouns Possessive pronouns Reflexive pronouns

I me my myselfyou you your yourselfhe/she/it him/her/it his/her/its himself/herself/itselfwe us our ourselvesyou (plural) you (plural) your (plural) yourselvesthey them their themselves

Lucy went shopping and she spent a fortune!“Show me what you bought”, her Mum said, when she got home.“Did you spend all your money?” she said. “I couldn’t help myself!” Lucy replied.

Reciprocal Interrogative Relative Demonstrative pronouns pronouns pronouns pronouns

each other which which thisone another who where these

What is a VERB?

Verbs are words that express an action or a state of being.

We eat pizza.I play football.Stephen is 17 today.They dance together.

What is a VERB TENSE?Verb tenses describe when the action is happening – past, present or future.There are many verb tenses.

Verb tense Example Simple present I work Simple present continuous I am working Present perfect I have worked Present perfect continuous I have been working Simple Past I worked Past continuous I was working Past perfect I had worked Past perfect continuous I had been working Simple future I will work Future continuous I will be working Future perfect I will have worked Future perfect continuous I will have been working

You will recognise the examples, if not the names of each tense. Each verb tense is used to communicate different meanings to the listener or reader and gives information about the time at which an action happens.

Keyword Journal

tall man

What is an ADJECTIVE?A word that describes or gives more information about a noun or a pronoun. Usually it comes before the noun it describes – e.g. a tall man. Good writers and speakers can use a wide variety of adjectives to give clear mental images to the reader or listener. Adjectives describe nouns in terms of quality, size, shape, age, colour, origin and material. When using multiple adjectives in a sentence, you must be aware of the correct adjectival order. Though using more than three in a sentence is not very common.

Examples: • I have an annoying, small, circular, new, black, American, tin alarm

clock that wakes me up every morning. • I bought a beautiful, long, red, Italian silk scarf. • My father has a big, old, brown dog named Ringo.

Quality Size Shape Age Colour Origin Material Noun

annoying small circular new black American tin alarm clock beautiful long red Italian silk scarf big old brown dog

Keyword Journal

tall man

What is an ADJECTIVE?A word that describes or gives more information about a noun or a pronoun. Usually it comes before the noun it describes – e.g. a tall man. Good writers and speakers can use a wide variety of adjectives to give clear mental images to the reader or listener. Adjectives describe nouns in terms of quality, size, shape, age, colour, origin and material. When using multiple adjectives in a sentence, you must be aware of the correct adjectival order. Though using more than three in a sentence is not very common.

Examples: • I have an annoying, small, circular, new, black, American, tin alarm

clock that wakes me up every morning. • I bought a beautiful, long, red, Italian silk scarf. • My father has a big, old, brown dog named Ringo.

Quality Size Shape Age Colour Origin Material Noun

annoying small circular new black American tin alarm clock beautiful long red Italian silk scarf big old brown dog

Asian Food

Other words to describe a noun’s quality:disastrousstunningremarkableromanticdelicious

Other words to describe a noun’s size:tinyvastimmensegigantic petite

Other words to describe a noun’s shape:rotundtriangularflatcurvedoval

Other words to describe a noun’s age:modernhistoricfuturisticarchaiceternal

Other words to describe a noun’s colour:multi-coloureddrabscarletrosybright

Other words to describe a noun’s origin:IrishAntipodeanCanadianAfricanAsian

Other words to describe a noun’s material:copperwoolgoldaluminiumpolyester

Keyword Journal

What is an ADVERB?An adverb is a word that gives more information about the verb. Adverbs can tell us when, where, how, in what manner and to what extent an action is performed. Many adverbs of manner are formed by adding –ly to the adjective, but there are other adverbs that do not follow this pattern. Look at the various examples of adverbs in the table below to understand how valuable adverbs are in our communication.

Adverbs Adverbs Adverbs Adverbs Adverbs Adverbs of time of place of manner of degree of certainty of frequency

now here cheerfully entirely probably usually then there fast quite surely never fortnightly everywhere quietly very unlikely sometimes yesterday somewhere convincingly nearly definitely rarely

Like adjectives, there are also comparative and superlative adverbs:Form the comparative adverb by placing ‘more’ before the adverb, when you want to compare two people, things or situations.

Form the superlative adverb by placing ‘the most’ before the adverb, when you want to compare one person out of a group of people, things or situations.

Compare: • Number 9 played very skilfully in last night’s football match. • Number 9 played more skilfully than number 7 in last night’s football

match. • Number 9 played the most skilfully in the team in last night’s football

match.

What is PUNCTUATION?Punctuation is a system of symbols (punctuation marks) that help make the meaning of a sentence clear. They include full stops, commas, apostrophes, semi-colons, colons, question marks, exclamation marks, hyphens and quotation marks.

Keyword Journal

What is an ADVERB?An adverb is a word that gives more information about the verb. Adverbs can tell us when, where, how, in what manner and to what extent an action is performed. Many adverbs of manner are formed by adding –ly to the adjective, but there are other adverbs that do not follow this pattern. Look at the various examples of adverbs in the table below to understand how valuable adverbs are in our communication.

Adverbs Adverbs Adverbs Adverbs Adverbs Adverbs of time of place of manner of degree of certainty of frequency

now here cheerfully entirely probably usually then there fast quite surely never fortnightly everywhere quietly very unlikely sometimes yesterday somewhere convincingly nearly definitely rarely

Like adjectives, there are also comparative and superlative adverbs:Form the comparative adverb by placing ‘more’ before the adverb, when you want to compare two people, things or situations.

Form the superlative adverb by placing ‘the most’ before the adverb, when you want to compare one person out of a group of people, things or situations.

Compare: • Number 9 played very skilfully in last night’s football match. • Number 9 played more skilfully than number 7 in last night’s football

match. • Number 9 played the most skilfully in the team in last night’s football

match.

What is PUNCTUATION?Punctuation is a system of symbols (punctuation marks) that help make the meaning of a sentence clear. They include full stops, commas, apostrophes, semi-colons, colons, question marks, exclamation marks, hyphens and quotation marks.

. ,

‘

;

:

When do I use it?

Put a full stop at the end of a sentence.

Use commas to separate adjectives, nouns or phrases.

Be aware that the placement of a comma may change the meaning of a sentence significantly.

Apostrophes indicate ownership.

Apostrophes also indicate that a letter has been left out of a word.

When words are made smaller like this, we call them contractions.

Semi-colons are used to connect two independent but closely related clauses.

Note that both clauses either side of a semi-colon must be able to stand-alone and make complete sense on their own.

Semi-colons are also used to link lengthy clauses with commas to avoid confusion.

Colons are used to introduce an idea that is an explanation or a continuation of the one that comes before the colon.

Colons can be used to introduce a list or a quotation.

Note that the clause that precedes the colon must make complete sense on its own. If not, a colon is not appropriate.

Example

I really want to travel the world.

It’s a progressive, mixed, secondary school. I need to buy milk, bread, fruit and water today.Compare: He did not fight John AND He did not fight, John.

The student’s laptop is broken (one student, one laptop). The students’ laptops are broken (more than one student and more than one laptop).

My laptop isn’t (is not) working very well.

I would – I’dThey will – They’llShe won’t – She will not

Spain is a beautiful country; the weather is superb and the food is cheap.

Several representatives were at the meeting: Professor Murphy, Trinity College, Dublin; Mrs. Baker, University College Dublin; Dr. Smith, DIT Bolton Street and Ms. O’Reilly, Dublin City University.

We had to cancel the party: everyone was sick.

The ingredients for the cake were quite basic: eggs, flour and sugar.

Punctuation Mark

Keyword Journal

?!

-

“ ” or ‘ ’

Question marks are placed at the end of questions.

Exclamation marks can be used after commands, interjections or after a sentence that conveys strong emotion – like fear, surprise or anger.

Hyphens are used to link words or parts of words. They can be used in compound words to show that the component words have a combined meaning.

Quotation marks are used to show the beginning and end of a word or phrase that comes from outside the text that we are writing.

They are used for quotations, direct speech and names or titles.

At what time are your friends coming over for dinner?

Wait!Oh dear!I don’t believe it!What great news!

Good-hearted, well-deserved, mother-in-law, bad-tempered, fair-haired, sugar-free.

“Good morning, sir”, said the student.

“This above all, to thine ownself be true”, is my favourite quotation from Shakespeare.

‘Titanic’ is a movie directed by James Cameron.

What is a PREPOSITION?Prepositions are important when constructing sentences. They are usually positioned before a noun or a pronoun to show the noun’s relationship to another word in the sentence. It is not usual to end a sentence with a preposition. They can be categorised into prepositions of time, prepositions of place, one-word prepositions and multi-word prepositions. Below is a table of common prepositions:

aroundaboardaboutaboveacrossafteragainstasatbeforebehindbelowbeneathbesidebesides

betweenbeyondconcerningdespite downduringexceptexcludingforfrominincludinginsideintolike

nearnextnotwithstanding ofoffonontooppositeoutoutsideoverpastregardingroundsince

thanthroughthroughouttotowardtowardsunderunderneathunlikeuntiluntoup

Keyword Journal

?!

-

“ ” or ‘ ’

Question marks are placed at the end of questions.

Exclamation marks can be used after commands, interjections or after a sentence that conveys strong emotion – like fear, surprise or anger.

Hyphens are used to link words or parts of words. They can be used in compound words to show that the component words have a combined meaning.

Quotation marks are used to show the beginning and end of a word or phrase that comes from outside the text that we are writing.

They are used for quotations, direct speech and names or titles.

At what time are your friends coming over for dinner?

Wait!Oh dear!I don’t believe it!What great news!

Good-hearted, well-deserved, mother-in-law, bad-tempered, fair-haired, sugar-free.

“Good morning, sir”, said the student.

“This above all, to thine ownself be true”, is my favourite quotation from Shakespeare.

‘Titanic’ is a movie directed by James Cameron.

What is a PREPOSITION?Prepositions are important when constructing sentences. They are usually positioned before a noun or a pronoun to show the noun’s relationship to another word in the sentence. It is not usual to end a sentence with a preposition. They can be categorised into prepositions of time, prepositions of place, one-word prepositions and multi-word prepositions. Below is a table of common prepositions:

aroundaboardaboutaboveacrossafteragainstasatbeforebehindbelowbeneathbesidebesides

betweenbeyondconcerningdespite downduringexceptexcludingforfrominincludinginsideintolike

nearnextnotwithstanding ofoffonontooppositeoutoutsideoverpastregardingroundsince

thanthroughthroughouttotowardtowardsunderunderneathunlikeuntiluntoup

How do I SPELL...

You CAN improve your spelling.

As you will be awarded marks on your final exams for the accuracy of your spelling, it is worth spending time trying to improve it. If you have been told that your spelling is poor, do not despair; be positive and adopt some of the methods shown here.

Methods to use

Method 1 – Rather than trying to memorise a long list of ‘difficult’ words, make your own list of words you want to remember.

Method 2 – Write down words you misspell. To learn each one; look at it carefully, say it out loud, cover it up and then write down without looking at your original. Check and repeat if necessary.

Method 3 – Learn groups of words with the same combination of letters.

Method 4 – Learn how words are built up e.g. DIS + APPOINT + MENT = DISAPPOINTMENT.

Some spelling rules to learnRule 1 – ‘i’ before ‘e’ except immediately after ‘c’ or when sounded as ‘a’. Examples: Receive / Neighbour.

Rule 2 – for words ending in more than one consonant do not double the final consonant.

Examples: Walk – Walked / Prompt – Prompted.

Rule 3 – for words ending in soft ‘ce’ or ‘ge’ keep the ‘e’ before the ‘able’ and ‘ous’.

Examples: Advantageous / Noticeable.

Rule 4 – for verbs ending in ‘ie’ change the ending to ‘y’ before adding ‘ing’.

Examples: Die – Dying / Lie – Lying.

Rule 5 – drop the final ‘e’ before a suffix beginning with a vowel. Examples: Race – Racing / Weave – Weaving.

Rule 6 – keep the final ‘e’ before a suffix beginning with a consonant. Examples: Fierce – Fiercely / Peace – Peaceful.

Keyword Journal

Referenceswww.jcspliteracy.ie, accessed 30 June, 2013http://grammar.yourdictionary.com, accessed 2 July, 2013

Swan, M. Practical English Usage (Third Edition), 2008, Oxford University Press

Commonly misspelled words

How to use this journalWrite your keyword here

Write your explanation of the keyword in this column

Regularly Write in keywords for each subject as you learn them

Different meanings Remember keywords can have different meanings

ExampleFor example the keyword ‘depression’ has a different meaning in both Geography and History

A• acceptable • accidentally• accommodate • acquire • acquit • a lot • amateur • apparent• argument • atheist

B• believe

C• calendar • category • changeable • collectible • column • committed • conscience • conscientious • conscious • consensus

D• defi nite• discipline • dumbbell

E• embarrass • equipment • exhilarate

• exceed • existence • experience

F• fi ery • foreign

G• gauge • grateful • guarantee

H• harass • height • hierarchy

I• ignorance • immediate • independent • indispensable • inoculate • intelligence • its/it’s

J• judgement

K• kernel • knowledge

L• leisure

• liaison • library • license

M• maintenance • manoeuvre• medieval • memento • millennium • miniature • minuscule • mischievous • misspell

N• neighbour • noticeable

O• occasionally • occurrence

P• pastime • perseverance • personnel • playwright • possession • precede • principal• principle • privilege • pronunciation • publicly

Q• questionnaire

R• receive• receipt • recommend • referred • reference • relevant • restaurant • rhyme • rhythm

S• schedule • separate • severely

T• there/their/they’re• threshold • twelfth• tyranny

U• until

V• vacuum

W• weather• whether • weird

Keyword Journal

Referenceswww.jcspliteracy.ie, accessed 30 June, 2013http://grammar.yourdictionary.com, accessed 2 July, 2013

Swan, M. Practical English Usage (Third Edition), 2008, Oxford University Press

Commonly misspelled words

How to use this journalWrite your keyword here

Write your explanation of the keyword in this column

Regularly Write in keywords for each subject as you learn them

Different meanings Remember keywords can have different meanings

ExampleFor example the keyword ‘depression’ has a different meaning in both Geography and History

A• acceptable • accidentally• accommodate • acquire • acquit • a lot • amateur • apparent• argument • atheist

B• believe

C• calendar • category • changeable • collectible • column • committed • conscience • conscientious • conscious • consensus

D• defi nite• discipline • dumbbell

E• embarrass • equipment • exhilarate

• exceed • existence • experience

F• fi ery • foreign

G• gauge • grateful • guarantee

H• harass • height • hierarchy

I• ignorance • immediate • independent • indispensable • inoculate • intelligence • its/it’s

J• judgement

K• kernel • knowledge

L• leisure

• liaison • library • license

M• maintenance • manoeuvre• medieval • memento • millennium • miniature • minuscule • mischievous • misspell

N• neighbour • noticeable

O• occasionally • occurrence

P• pastime • perseverance • personnel • playwright • possession • precede • principal• principle • privilege • pronunciation • publicly

Q• questionnaire

R• receive• receipt • recommend • referred • reference • relevant • restaurant • rhyme • rhythm

S• schedule • separate • severely

T• there/their/they’re• threshold • twelfth• tyranny

U• until

V• vacuum

W• weather• whether • weird

Subject

Subject

Subject Subject

Subject

Subject Subject

Subject

Subject Subject

Subject

Subject Subject

Subject

Subject Subject

Subject

Subject Subject

Subject

Subject Subject

Subject

Subject Subject

Subject

Subject

I understand and can try this on my own.

I think I understand but I need a little support.

I don’t get it!I need some help understanding.

ISPCC

www.ispcc.ie

Green Schools www.greenschoolsireland.org

More on Useful Info on the Unique School App - go to www.uniquepublishing.ie to download ECO-UNESCO

www.ecounesco.ie

1800 66 66 66(free phone)www.childline.ie

Your FREE resource wesite www.how-to-study.com NYCI represents and supports the interests of voluntary youth organisations and uses its collective experience to act on issues that impact on young people.

www.youth.ie www.international.youth.ie www.youthhealth.ie

UNICEF wants to give all children and

young people around the world the

opportunity to speak out.

UNICEF: Voices for Youth

www.unicef.org

Youth Health Talk www.youthhealthtalk.org

This is a website about young people’s real life experiences of health and lifestyle..

Teen Health www.teenshealth.org

Study Guides & Strategies www.studygs.net

www.edenproject.comwww.foei.org

An Taisce: Young Reporters for the

Environment (YRE)

www.antaisce.org/projects/reporters.html

European Union & non-discrimination ec.europa.eu/social ec.europa.eu/youth

Changing the world for good

www.youngsocialinnovators.ie

useful infoALCOHOLISMIS A FAMILY DISEASE

Al-Anon Family Groups can help

Strength and hope for families and friends of problem drinkers

For more questions, please visit the Al-Anon Web site at:www.al-anon.org www.al-anon-ireland.org www.al-anonuk.org.uk

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System1. Excellent work NB No books, copy or equipment NH No homework, incomplete2. Consistent good work DB Disruptive behaviour UA Unexcused absence3. Average accomplishment UU Uniform unsatisfactory L Late4. Poor performance NW Not working in class NA Negative Attitude5. Behaviour improved

Student’s Name: No. 1 - Week Commencing:


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53951_2LComm_24B5_V1 29/05/2015 16:40 Page 2

No.1 Explanations for Absence No.1



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Student Name ______________________________ Class____________

Date _____/_____/______ No. of days absent __________________

Date(s) of absence _____/_____/______ to _____/_____/______

Reason for absence (tick one): URGENT FAMILY REASON

MEDICAL APPOINTMENT ILLNESS OTHER

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Signature of Parent/Guardian __________________________________

Signature of Teacher __________________________________________






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53951_2LAbs_16B5 13/05/2015 16:50 Page 1




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53951_2LAbs_16B5 13/05/2015 16:50 Page 3




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53951_2LAbs_16B5 13/05/2015 16:50 Page 5




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53951_2LAbs_16B5 13/05/2015 16:50 Page 7




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53951_2LAbs_16B5 13/05/2015 16:50 Page 9




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53951_2LAbs_16B5 13/05/2015 16:50 Page 11




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53951_2LAbs_16B5 13/05/2015 16:50 Page 13




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DETAILS: ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

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DETAILS: ____________________________________________________

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DETAILS: ____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________



53951_2LAbs_16B5 13/05/2015 16:50 Page 15

No.1 Note to/from Parent/Guardian No.1



Student Name __________________________ Class ______________

Date _______/_______/________

Note _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

Signature of Teacher/Year Head _________________________________

Signature of Parent/Guardian ___________________________________


Date _______/_______/________

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53951_2LNotes_16B5 13/05/2015 16:55 Page 1





Date _______/_______/________

Note _______________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________




Date _______/_______/________

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53951_2LNotes_16B5 13/05/2015 16:55 Page 3





Date _______/_______/________

Note _______________________________________________________

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Date _______/_______/________

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53951_2LNotes_16B5 13/05/2015 16:55 Page 5





Date _______/_______/________

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53951_2LNotes_16B5 13/05/2015 16:55 Page 7





Date _______/_______/________

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53951_2LNotes_16B5 13/05/2015 16:55 Page 9





Date _______/_______/________

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53951_2LNotes_16B5 13/05/2015 16:55 Page 11





Date _______/_______/________

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53951_2LNotes_16B5 13/05/2015 16:55 Page 13





Date _______/_______/________

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53951_2LNotes_16B5 13/05/2015 16:55 Page 15

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