5.3 (other) system design tools ceschin 09-10

Fabrizio Ceschin

Politecnico di Milano / INDACO dept. / DIS / Faculty of Design / Italy

fabrizio ceschin politecnico di milano . INDACO dpt. . DIS . faculty of design . Italy

Learning Network on Sustainability

course System Design for Sustainability Subject 5. Methods and tools for SDS

learning resource 5.2

(Other) system design tools

Fabrizio Ceschin


CONTENTS

SYSTEM DESIGN VISUALISATION AND (CO)DESIGN TOOLS .System Map .Interaction table (story-board) .Satisfaction Offering diagram .Stakeholder motivation matrix .Solution elements

FOR EACH TOOL: Objectives and description How to use it Integration in the MSDS design process Software and/or other supports

Fabrizio Ceschin


3. SYSTEM MAP

visualise (design and co-design) the structure of the system, describing actors involved and their interactions

Fabrizio Ceschin


4. INTERACTION TABLE (STORY-BOARD)

visualise (design and co-design) the functioning of the system in time: the narrative (story) of the front-desk (with the clients) and back-stage interactions (between other stakeholders)

Fabrizio Ceschin


5. SATISFACTION OFFERING DIAGRAM

visualise (design and co-design) the satisfaction offered by the system, and how this is delivered to the user/customer

Fabrizio Ceschin


6. STAKEHOLDERS MOTIVATION MATRIX

visualise (design and co-design) the motivations that actors have in being involved in the system

Fabrizio Ceschin


7. SOLUTION ELEMENTS

visualise (design and co-design) the elements (products, services, labour) needed to the system, and who, among the system stakeholders, has to design/ produce/deliver such elements

Fabrizio Ceschin


TOOLS COMMON CHARACTERISTICS

Fabrizio Ceschin


VISUALISATION, DESIGN AND CO-DESIGN TOOLS

System map

Satisfaction offering diagram

Solution element

Interaction table

Story-board

Stakeholders motivation matrix

VISUALISATION DESIGN CO-DESIGN

Fabrizio Ceschin


+

LEVEL O

F D

ETAIL

_

Tools that evolve in details during the development of the project

PROGRESSIVE TOOLS

PRO

JECT D

EVELO

PM

EN

T

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DESCPRIPTION OF THE SINGLE TOOLS

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STAKEHOLDER SYSTEM MAP

The tool was developed by Francois Jégou within the EU funded research: HiCS - Highly Customerised Solutions, Solution-oriented design, production and delivery systems (European Research, GROWTH Programme / European 5th Framework).

Fabrizio Ceschin


3. (STAKEHOLDER) SYSTEM MAP

AIM: to visualise (to design and co-design) the structure of the system, describing the involved stakeholders and their interactions

Fabrizio Ceschin



WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: a graphical representation containing: > stakeholders involved > flows/interactions: physical, financial informational, and labor performance

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WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: > a codified representation: because it's a "technical drawing" of the system of actors allowing to represent alternative system in a reproducible and comparable way

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HOW TO BUILD UP A SYSTEM MAP?

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Platform

boundary

System

boundary

secondary stakeholders

main stakeholders


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Catering provider

Health adviser

Offices

E-meal

Food providers

E-meal appliance producer

Structure icon

Characterization icon

Slogan


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structure characterisation

+

slogan

Bio food provider +

icon

Bio food provider =

Logistic provider

Local delivery shop

Logistic provider +

+

+

+

=

=

BASIC RULE TO REPRESENT EACH ACTORS


Local delivery shop

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Catering provider

Health adviser

Offices

E-meal

Food providers


MAIN STAKEHOLDER

Big icon

SECONDARY STAKEHOLDER

Small icon


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Catering provider

Food providers

Health adviser


Offices

E-meal

diet advice service with meal ordering

employees order the day before by internet…

companies contract service for their employees…

meals are delivered in companies…

employees pick-up their meal when they want…

vegetable, dairy and bread products

ARROW

+

DESCRIPTION


Fabrizio Ceschin


Catering provider

Food providers

Health adviser


Offices

E-meal







MATERIAL FLOWS


Fabrizio Ceschin


Catering provider

Food providers

Health adviser


Offices

E-meal







INFORMATIONAL FLOWS


Fabrizio Ceschin


Catering provider

Food providers

Health adviser


Offices

E-meal







FINANCIAL FLOWS


Fabrizio Ceschin


Catering provider

Food providers

Health adviser


Offices

E-meal







DARK GREY

CORE FLOWS

LIGHT GREY

SECONDARY FLOWS


Fabrizio Ceschin


Catering provider

Food providers

Health adviser


Offices

start E-meal


2. employees order the day before by internet…

1. companies contract service for their employees…

3. meals are delivered in companies…

4. employees pick-up their meal when they want…


READING ORDER


Fabrizio Ceschin


Catering provider

Food providers

Health adviser


Offices

E-meal


2. employees order the day before by internet…

1. companies contract service

for their employees…

3. meals are delivered in companies…

4. employees pick-up their meal when they want…


READING ORDER

start


Fabrizio Ceschin


integration in the design process

increasing the detail level

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS

EXPLORING OPPORTUNITIES

SYSTEM CONCEPT DESIGN

SYSTEM DESIGN (AND ENGIN.)

COMMUNICATION

ANALYSIS OF THE PROJECT PROMOTERS

ANALYSIS OF THE REFERENCE CONTEXT

ANALYSIS OF BEST PRACTICES

ANALYSIS OF THE REFERENCE STRUCTURE

DEFINITION OF SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN PRIORITIES

IDEAS GENERATION ORIENTED TO SUSTAINABILITY

DEVELEPMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY DESIGN ORIENTING SCENARIO - VISIONS/CLUSTERS/IDEAS

VISIONS, CLUSTERS AND IDEAS SELECTION

SYSTEM CONCEPT DEVELOPMENT

ENV., SOC. & ECON. CHECK

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT (EXECUTIVE LEVEL)


DOCUMENTS EDITING


describe the system organization related to a best practice

formalisation of the tentative system organization ideas

development of the system organization: stakeholders involved and their interactions

further development (in details) of the system organization

Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: This tool requires the use of standardized icons built using presentation software (e.g. open office, powerpoint). A basic template facilitate the construction of the System Maps in a systematic and uniform way. > You will be provided with a powerpoint file, in which you can find…


Fabrizio Ceschin


industrial company

services company

local shop

collective house

public istitution

local association

individual house

school

mobile shop

PUBLIC ISTITUTIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS

HOMES

COMPANIES AND STORES

…structure icons…


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…characterization icons (activities)…

EATING

TRANSPORTING

COMMUNICATING

WORKING IN OFFICE


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…characterization icons (people)…

GENERAL PEOPLE

PEOPLE AT WORK


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…flows Material

flow Information

flow Financial

flow

core PSS performance

one way flow exchange

1. vegetables

timing and description of the flow

Labour performance

alternative PSS performance,

implementation or back-office flows


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SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS:

COPY AND PASTE

THE ELEMENTS

FROM THE

LIBRARIES TO

THE LAYOUT


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SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS:

OPEN SOURCE

LIBRARIES

on www.lens.polimi.it “Tools” section


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INTERACTION TABLE e STORY-BOARD

INTERACTION TABLE

STORY BOARD

The tools were developed by DIS unit of research from the work did by Daniela sangiorgi within the EU funded research: MEPSS European research project (Methodology for Product Service Systems) Growth Programme / European 5th Framework.

Fabrizio Ceschin


INTERACTION TABLE

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AIM: visualise and (co)design the functioning of the system, intended as the narrative (story) of the front-desk (with the clients) and back-stage interactions (between other stakeholders)

4. INTERACTION TABLE

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WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: it is a graphical

representation containing: > the sequence of images, representing (in time) the various interactions of the different stakeholders > and short texts, describing the specific role played by each stakeholders in each single interaction


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USER ROLE

SYSTEM ROLE


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SHORT TEXT

IMAGE

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IMAGES SHOULD CONTAINE ONLY

NECESSARY ELEMENTS…

...A BACKGROUND REPRESENTING

THE CONTEXT OF EACH ACTION

…AND THE STAKEHOLDERS (HIGHLIGHTED

FROM THE BACKGROUND)

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SERVICE ACTION

SOLUTION ELEMENTS NEEDED TO

CARRY OUT THE

SERVICE ATION


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STRATEGIC ANALYSIS




COMMUNICATION













DOCUMENTS EDITING


analyse a best practice describing the user interactions

further development (in details) of all the system interactions

visualization of the interactions of the user and the other stakeholders involved

Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: Based on spreadsheet applications (e.g. open-office, excel) [a model can be downloaded from lens.polimi.it under the “tools” section]


Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: Open source library of images (places) www.lens.polimi.it


Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: Open source library of images (people)

www.lens.polimi.it


Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARE AND OTHER SUPPORTS: combine the images to realize the visualization:

CONTEXT IMAGES

PEOPLE IMAGES


Fabrizio Ceschin


if the aim is to present (to the client or to the other actors involved in the project) the functioning of the system…

4. STORY BOARD

… INTERACTION TABLE is not the most effective tool

Fabrizio Ceschin


4. STORY BOARD

… it is suggested to use the STORY BOARD

if the aim is to present (to the client or to the other actors involved in the project) the functioning of the system…

Fabrizio Ceschin


4. STORY BOARD

SCOPE: visualise and (co)design the functioning of the system, intended as the narrative (story) of the front-desk (with the clients) and back-stage interactions (between other stakeholders)

Fabrizio Ceschin


IN WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: interaction table abstract showing, in one single linear sequence, the functioning of the system (back stage and front office interactions)

4. STORY BOARD

Fabrizio Ceschin


PRESENTATION SUPPORT (1)

ON PAPER visualisation of the interactions on one or more pages

4. STORY BOARD

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4. STORY BOARD

ABSTRACT FROM INTERACTION TABLE: ONLY THE INTERACTIONS FUNCTIONAL TO THE NARRATIVE

SINGLE LINEAR SEQUENCE

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4. STORY BOARD

COLOURS CORRESPOND TO THE ACTORS INVOLVED IN THE

SYSTEM

Fabrizio Ceschin


PRESENTATION SUPPORT (2)

VIDEO

visualisation of 1 or 2 interactions at one time

4. STORY BOARD

Fabrizio Ceschin


4. STORY BOARD

4 DWDE and Shonaquip

explain to the Reconstricted Team how to mantain and

use the vehicle. The

Reconstructed team in fact will manage the service.

Fabrizio Ceschin


4. STORY BOARD

5 Family of disabled student

communicates to the service

provider the mobility needs of the student.

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4. STORY BOARD

6 The

Reconstructed team manages

all the data using a

database. Moreover it works as a

service hub for people who

want to work as drivers.

NAVIGATOR

INTERACTION IMAGE

TEXT

INTERACTION NUMBER

Fabrizio Ceschin


4. STORY BOARD

6 The






INDICATION OF THE

DIFFERENT SYSTEM PHASES

INDICATIONOF THE

DIFFERENT ACTORS

LINK BETWEEN THE VISUALISED

INTERACTION AND THE WHOLE SEQUENCE

Fabrizio Ceschin


4. STORY BOARD

6 The






COLOUR OF THE FRAMEWORK

CHARACTERISES THE ACTOR

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STRATEGIC ANALYSIS




COMMUNICATION













DOCUMENTS EDITING


present the sequence of the system interactions (on concept level)

present the sequence of the system interactions (on a executive level)

Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARE:

4. STORY BOARD

PRESENTATION ON PAPER SUPPORT

graphic softwares (for ex. Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator,…)

Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARE:

4. STORY BOARD

graphic softwares (for ex. Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator, ecc.) for the images elaboration slideshow presentation software (Microsoft Powerpoint or Open Office) for the vialusation [a model can be dowloaded from lens.polimi.it under the “tools” section]

PRESENTATION ON VIDEO

Fabrizio Ceschin


SATISFACTION OFFERING DIAGRAM

INGREDIENTS

SELECTION

WEEKLY/DAILY

PREORDER

FOOD DELIVERY

The tools was developed by Francois Jégou within the EU funded research: MEPSS European research project (Methodology for Product Service Systems) Growth Programme / European 5th Framework.

Fabrizio Ceschin


AIM: describe the main satisfaction offered to the user/customer, and how this is delivered


Fabrizio Ceschin


IN WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: is a graphical representation that containing: > the visualisation of the core satisfaction provided by the system > the visualisation of the sub-offers (through which the satisfaction is delivered) > the description of how the sub-offers will be delivered


Fabrizio Ceschin


CORE SATISFACTION DELIVERED BY THE SYSTEM


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INGREDIENTS

SELECTION

Cooperatives of

local producers

provide the

campus

Biologic food

Students select

food basing on

seasonal

availability

WEEKLY/DAILY

PREORDER

On line preorder

based on the

disponibility

Using internet

or campus’

information

points

FOOD DELIVERY

Where you want

inside the

campus

Using rickshaws

SUB-OFFER

HOW THE SUB-OFFER ARE DELIVERED


Fabrizio Ceschin




STRATEGIC ANALYSIS




COMMUNICATION













DOCUMENTS EDITING


describe the offer delivered by the system detailing the sub-satisfactions

describe the different emerged ideas, indicating the main satisfaction delivered by the system

describe the offer delivered by the system detailing all the sub-satisfactions

Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARE:

IMAGES ELABORATION graphic softwares (for ex. Adobe Photoshop, Illustrator,…)

slideshow presentation software (Microsoft Powerpoint or Open Office)

OFFERING DIAGRAM COMPOSITION


Fabrizio Ceschin


STAKEHOLDERS MOTIVATION MATRIX

The tools was developed by Ezio Manzini, Anna Meroni and Francois Jégou within the research: HiCS, Highly Customerised Solutions, Solution-oriented design, production and delivery systems (European Research, GROWTH Programme / European 5th Framework).

Fabrizio Ceschin


SCOPE: visualisation and (co)design tool aimed at representing the solution from the point of view of the motivations that single stakeholders have in take part in the system


Fabrizio Ceschin


IN WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: a double entry table visualising, for each actor: > the motivations for being part of the system; > the contribute that is given to the partnership and in general, and to the other single actors; > the potentials synergies o conflicts between the actors.


Fabrizio Ceschin



ACTORS

ACTORS

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ACTORS MOTIVATION IN BEING PART OF

THE SYSTEM

CROSSING THE SAME ACTOR:

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CONTRIBUTE THE SINGLE ACTORS

GIVES TO THE WHOLE PARTNERSHIP

CROSSING THE ACTOR WITH THE

PARTNERSHIP:

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CONTRIBUTE THAT THE SINGLE ACTOR (Producers) GIVES

TO THE OTHER ACTOR (Central kitchen)

CROSSING THE ACTOR WITH

ANOTHER ACTOR:

Fabrizio Ceschin


integration in the design process increasing the detail level

STRATEGIC ANALYSIS




COMMUNICATION













DOCUMENTS EDITING


define the motivations and hypothesis the potential contributions and benefits for each actor

define and detail the motivations, the potential contributions and benefits for each actor

Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARES:


ICONS ELABORATION slide show software (for ex. Microsoft Powerpoint or Open Office)

data-sheet software (for ex. Microsoft Excel or Open Office)

TABLE REALISATION AND MANAGEMENT

Fabrizio Ceschin


SOLUTION ELEMENTS

design deliver/produce design + deliver/produce The tools was developed by Ezio Manzini, Anna Meroni and Francois Jégou within the research: HiCS, Highly Customerised Solutions, Solution-oriented design, production and delivery systems (European Research, GROWTH Programme / European 5th Framework).

Fabrizio Ceschin


SCOPE: visualisation and (co)design tool aimed at describing the (material and immaterial) elements necessary to the system, and who, among the system actors, have to design/deliver/produce such elements


design deliver/produce design + deliver/produce

Fabrizio Ceschin


IN WHAT IT CONSISTS OF: It’s a graphical representation structured as a double entry table, in which: > on the orizontal axe, are visualised the material (products, equipments, ecc) and immaterial (information, services, labour performance) elements necessary to implement the system solution. These elements are usually represented by pictograms. > on the vertical axe, are visualised the actors involved in the system; > crossing the elements with the actors you will see the contribute that each single actor give in the design, production and or delivery of such elements.


Fabrizio Ceschin



design deliver/produce design + deliver/produce

SYSTEM PHASES

SYSTEM ELEMENTS

ACTORS ROLES

ACTORS

LEGEND

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progettare erogare/produrre progettare + erogare/produrre

VERTICAL LECTURE: WHO IS INVOLVED IN THE

REALISATION/DELIVERY OF A PARTICULAR SYSTEM ELEMENTS?

Fabrizio Ceschin



progettare erogare/produrre progettare + erogare/produrre

ORIZONTAL LECTURE: WHICH IS THE ROLE OF EACH ACTOR?

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STRATEGIC ANALYSIS




COMMUNICATION













DOCUMENTS EDITING


hypothesis the contribute each single actor gives in relation to the design, delivery, and production of the single system elements

define the contribute each single actor gives in relation to the design, delivery, and production of the single system elements

Fabrizio Ceschin


SOFTWARES:


ICONS ELABORATION slide show software (for ex. Microsoft Powerpoint or Open Office) or graphic softwares (for ex. Adobe Photoshop, Adobe Illustrator)

data-sheet software (for ex. Microsoft Excel or Open Office)

TABLE REALISATION AND MANAGEMENT

Documents

5.3 (other) system design tools ceschin 09-10