Upload
ann-hopkins
View
14
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
5/20/10 -BR- Quick U.S. History The __branch makes laws The __branch decides on laws The ____ and the ___ are the heads of the ____ branch. They enforce the laws. Today: The Roman Republic (Great Grandfather of The American Republics?). - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
5/20/10 -BR- Quick U.S. HistoryThe __branch makes lawsThe __branch decides on lawsThe ____ and the ___ are the
heads of the ____ branch. They enforce the laws.
Today: The Roman Republic (Great Grandfather of The American Republics?)
Hypothetical reconstruction of Roman Forum in Imperial times.
Watercolor (18th century), Giuseppe Becchetti
Ancient Italy (c. 6th century B.C.)
PEOPLE:
The Latins-Rome: “The First Romans”
The 1._________-Northern Italy-Urbanized Rome: Building Programs (the Forum)-Influence on Romans: the arch, alphabet
The 2. ______-Southern Italy and Sicily-Influence on Romans: art, architecture, literature, ..government, engineering
GEOGRAPHY:
-Tiber River & Mediterranean Sea-Fertile Soil & Strategic Location
The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.)
• 509 B.C., Romans rejected Etruscan king (monarchy) and established a 3._______.– Power rests with the citizens who have the right to
vote for their leaders.– In Rome, 4. ________ with voting rights was
granted only to free-born male citizens. Voted in blocks called assemblies.
The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.)
STRUGGLE FOR POWER: CLASS CONFLICT
• 5.__________ wealthy landowners who held most of the power: inherited power and social status
• 6. __________ (____) common farmers, artisans and merchants who made up the majority of the population: can vote, but can’t rule
– 7.________ elected representatives who protect plebeians’ political rights. Could not be touched. Their veto was a safeguard against the patricians.
The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.)
A “Balanced” Government
• Rome elects two 8._______– had power of life and death, could veto acts (except tribunes) one to lead army, one to direct government (consul, proconsul)
• 9._______ chosen from patricians (Roman upper class), make foreign and domestic policy (500 people)
• Popular assemblies elect tribunes, make laws for plebeians & patricians can veto acts of others.
• 10._________ leaders appointed briefly in times of crisis (appt. by consuls and senate)
Other Officials:• Praetor (6)- Law officer and judges• Pontifex Maximus (1) - chief of the state
religion• Quaestor (20) - treasurer and state records• Aedile (20) - oversaw public works (streets,
etc) temples and markets and public games - very popular post!
• Censor - Auditor of the Government and senate, checked finances, works, and morality. Elected every 5 years. (old, honored title)
Cursus Honorum - “Course of Honors”
This was the path (ladder) most Roman men took to power.It was a series of posts at different ages. You could not repeat offices and had to follow the age limits. You wanted to be elected “IN SUO ANNO” - in your year.
1. Quaestor - 30 years2. Aediels - 36 years3. Praetor - 39 years4. Consul - 42 years5. Governor - Had to have been a consul (governed
provinces)6. Censor (censi means “to count”)- former consul
Assignment - Due Thursday
Make a chart of the cursus honorum.
Its ok to use the previous page. Include each position AND a description of duties and requirements.
The Roman Republic (509 B.C. – 27 B.C.)
THE TWELVE TABLES
• 451 B.C., officials carve Roman laws on twelve tablets and hung in Forum.
• Laws confirm right of all free citizens to protection of the law
• Become the basis for later Roman law
The Twelve Tables:Primary Source Review
• What can we infer about Roman values based on the laws cited in the Twelve Tables?
• How do the Twelve Tables compare to modern laws in the United States?
The Roman Army• All citizens were required
to serve
• Army was powerful:– Organization & fighting
skill
• Legion- military unit of 5,000 infantry (foot soldiers) supported by cavalry (horseback)
Rome Spreads its Power• Romans defeat
Etruscans in north and Greek city-states in south
• Treatment of Conquered:– Forge alliances– Offer citizenship
• By 265 B.C., Rome controls Italian peninsula
Rome’s Commercial Network• Rome establishes a large trading network• Access to Mediterranean Sea provides
many trade routes• Carthage, powerful city-state in North
Africa, soon rivals Rome
Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)
• Three Wars between Rome and Carthage
• 1st Punic War- Rome gains control of Sicily & western Mediterranean Sea.
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection
Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)
• 2nd Punic War- Carthaginian General Hannibal’s “surprise” attack through Spain & France– 60,000 soldiers and 60
elephants– Romans experience severe
losses, but eventually ward off attacks & invade North Africa
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection
Punic Wars (264-146 B.C.)
• 3rd Punic War- Rome seizes Carthage – Scipio- Roman Strategist– Conquered people sold into
slavery
The destruction of Carthage during the Punic Wars. New York Public Library Picture Collection
Why were the Romans able to conquer Italy & the Mediterranean World? (Give a few reasons and explain)
Do you think the Roman Republic owed its success more to its form of government, or its army? Why?
How does Rome’s rise to power relate to modern efforts to gain power and authority?