5.2 WARRING CITY-

STATES

Setting the Stage

◦Dorians and Mycenaeans begin to identify less with their ancestry and more with th local area they lived.

◦Shift in government structure: from tribal or clan control to more formal govt.

Rule & Order in Greek City-states

◦1. What was the fortified hilltop where citizens gathered to discuss city gov’t called?

◦Acropolis

Greek Political Structures

Tyrants Seize Power

◦2. True or False: Tyrants of ancient Greece were considered h & cruel.

◦FALSE!

Athens Builds a Limited Democracy

3. What type of government did Athenian reformers move to create?

DEMOCRACY

RULE BY THE PEOPLE

Building Democracy◦4. Who developed a legal code based on the idea that all Athenians, rich & poor, were equal under the law? (note: this was the 1st legal code in Athens)

Solon

5. Who were considered citizens [of Athens]?Free adult male property owners born in Athens were considered citizens. Women, slaves, and foreigners were excluded from citizenship and had few rights.

Formal Governments

Forms of Gov’t Chart

Monarchy Aristocracy Oligarchy 8.

State ruled by a King

6. State ruled by: 7. State ruled by: State ruled by its citizens

Athenian Education ◦Only the SONS of the wealthy received formal schooling.

◦Training in Logic and public speaking to prepare them for assemblies

◦Athletic Activities

◦Older- Military School

◦Women- Learned child rearing, to be good house wives and mothers.

Sparta Builds a Military State

Sparta Dominates Messenians

9. What were helots?

◦ Peasants forced to stay on the land they worked.

◦Spartans demand half of the helots crops yearly

What is going to drive Spartans to build a military state?

Who are the Spartans ? ◦Southern Greece: Peloponnesus

◦Contrasted with other city-states

◦especially Athens )

◦Instead Of Democracy Sparta builds

A Military State.

◦ Farming… Little Trade

Sparta’s Government & Societies 10. How many kings ruled over the Spartan military at all

times?

TWO Military Kings

Also: Assembly, Elder Council, Five Elected Officials

What type of Government does Sparta have?

Oligarchy Social Order:

◦Citizens

◦Noncitizens – Free

◦Helots

Spartan Daily Life

11. Spartan boys & girls were taught to put service to Sparta above love for what?

◦ABOVE EVERYTHING

How was daily life different for Spartan women in contrast to other greek city-states?

Considerable Amount of freedom, Wrestling, Played Sports

The Persian Wars A New Kind of Army Emerges

12. What metal replaced bronze & made it affordable for ordinary citizens to own weapons?

The shift from Bronze to metal weapon.

Now weapons are not only for the rich.

Fearsome formation, phalanx became the most powerful fighting force in the ancient world

Battle at Marathon 13. In the 44 BC near Marathon, what were the casualty totals for both the Persians & the Athenians?

Persians 6,000

Athens fewer than 200

Why were Athenians so successful?

Pheidippides Brings News Thermoplylae & Salamis

14. When the Persian king Xerxes came to the narrow path at Themopylae, who blocked his way?

7,000 greeks including 300 Spartans

Traitor tells of secret path- Spartans stay and sacrifice themselves while others retreat--- HEROS

15. The following year [after the Persian Wars], several Greek city-states formed an alliance called the:

Delian League

Consequences of the Persian Wars

16. What city emerged as a leader of the Delian League?

Athens

Increase Athenian Power and Influence

Set the Stage for a dazzling burst of creativity in Athens; Brief Golden Age