5.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. 1

5.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN:

Disaster management is defined as the discipline of avoiding and dealing with natural risks. The whole

process involves a preparation plan for the impending disaster, action in response to a disaster, and

support and strength to rebuild a community after the occurrence of a disaster. Disaster management is

very important for any building. It makes the occupant aware of the various disasters possible in a

building, prevention & procedures, training in disaster management, and after-disaster procedures for

building objects.

In general, disaster management is a continuous process that aims to manage and minimize

hazards. Under disaster response, there are a variety of actions to take like evacuation quarantine, mass

decontamination, and the like. Disaster management has its own advantages. Some of these are:

� Reduces the effects of a disaster's aftermath.

� Gives the chance to survive, no matter what kind of a disaster occurs and irrespective of when it

occurs.

� Gives you peace of mind from the uncertainties of close encounters to unexpected and dangerous

natural events.

The Plan has two components as depicted in the figure 5.1:

� Hazard identification/Safety covers the following

• Structural Assessment – comprises the set of physical laws and mathematics required to study and

predicts the behavior of structures

• Non-Structural Assessment – deals with the seismic vulnerability assessment of the building

• Resource Inventory – refers to the resources available within and around the ward to tackle any

hazard or to inventories the resources available within the ward or around the ward

� Response Plan covers the following:

• Formation of Disaster Management Committee

• Preparation of Building Emergency Plan, along with Training Procedure to occupants

• Mitigation of hazards identified along with Evacuation Plan

• Special Provisions for Handicapped

Fig. 5.1: Disaster Management Plan Components


ON-SITE & OFF-SITE EMERGENCY PLAN

An important element of mitigation is emergency planning, i.e. recognizing that accidents are possible,

assessing the consequences of such accidents and deciding on the emergency procedures, both on-site and

off-site, that would need to be implemented in the event of an emergency: -

• To protect building personnel and nearby citizens

• To prevent or minimize damage of property or the environment

• To render help to the person at site to provide relief

• To restore the affected area as soon as possible

• To review incident to evaluate and strengthen the emergency management response for future

emergencies.

Fig. 5.1.1 -Onsite & Offsite Disaster Management Plan for ‘The Address’

Disaster Management Process & Critical Elements

This process and element covers the DMP for both on-site and off-site management plan. As it involve

the training and awareness plan, wherein outsiders are also invited.

5.1.1 ON-SITE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN

The steps for disaster management plan are:

i. FORMATION OF THE DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE & GROUPS

The Disaster Management Committee will be formed by the developer/society members. The Society In-

charge/Security In-charge will be competent enough to handle various disasters, and will be In-charge to

look after the complete process of DMC (Disaster Management Committee). DMC will be divided into

three groups namely: Co-ordination group, Disaster Awareness group, and Disaster Response group. The

Disaster Management Plan

Onsite Emergency Plan Offsite Emergency

For the incident which could affect

people and the environment inside

For the incident which could affect

people and the environment outside

1. Building Emergencies Manual

2. Training Program for the Tenants,

Security Guards, Housekeeping and

other stake holder of the building.

3. Evacuation Plan, Floor plan, Site Plan,

Elevation marked with Refuge Area etc.

4. Fire & Other Emergencies regular Drill

Programs

5. Cartoon Program, Poster other templates,

showing emergencies preparedness for

Children and building occupants.

6. Evaluation and Updating of the Plan to

improve effectiveness

1. Awareness programme will be

conducted with the help of local NGO’s

2. Some of the local responsible people

will be also be participated and will be

given training for the emergency

preparedness.

3. Emergencies Awareness program for

the outsiders.

4. Evacuation procedures templates.

5. Fire & Other Emergencies regular Drill

Programs for the outsider.

6. Cartoon Program, Poster other

templates, showing emergencies

preparedness for outsiders.

Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd.

roles and responsibilities of various groups are defined in subsequen

demonstrates the structure of types of Disaster Management Plan

Fig. 5.2:

� Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd.-The building will have one Security In

guard (and alternate), and who will direct the evacuation of persons from their respective areas as quickly

as possible in a safe and controlled manner. The list of building evacuation team members is maintained

by M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd H

of organization structure of the Disaster Management Committee.

Fig. 5.3: Organization structure of the Disaster Management Committee

Security In-charge

Security Guard

Maintenance & Service

roles and responsibilities of various groups are defined in subsequent paragraphs. The given figure

ypes of Disaster Management Plan.

.2: Types of Disaster Management Plan

- Disaster Response Team The building will have one Security In-charge/Society In-charge (and alternate), one assistant



by M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd HSE Department. The given figure 5.2.2 demonstrates the structure

rganization structure of the Disaster Management Committee.

Organization structure of the Disaster Management Committee

Society In-charge/ Security In-charge


Housekeeping Lift man

3

t paragraphs. The given figure 8.2.1

charge (and alternate), one assistant Security



demonstrates the structure

Organization structure of the Disaster Management Committee

Lift man


� Roles and Responsibilities of DMC

• Look into the structural safety requirements of the building for various hazards (earthquake, fire,

floods, cyclone, etc.). Get the buildings assessed for the hazards identified and take prompt remedial

measures, as required.

• The members of the DMC shall have an understanding of the disaster management policy and

planning principles.

• Evaluation of the Disaster Management plan.

• Carrying out the mock drill twice a year.

• Updating of the plans at regular intervals (at least once a year, and after any significant disaster) to

ensure that the plan is workable.

• Earmark fund arrangements for carrying out preparedness and mitigation measures in the building.

• Declaring emergencies and implementing the emergency plan;

• Implementing evacuation procedures;

• Contacting emergency services (fire, police, ambulance) and utilities;

• Establishing a command post, chain-of-command and reporting procedures;

• Accessing and stabilizing the environment;

• Assessing and obtaining emergency services, supplies and equipment;

• Ensuring the safety of staff and volunteers at all times during an emergency;

• Arranging for off-site storage and work facilities;

• Arranging the transfer of collections to a safe site;

• Recording the movement of collections;

• Implementing and supervising salvage procedures for collections;

• Contacting, training and supervising volunteers;

• Documenting all aspects of the response / recovery procedures;

• Meeting with the press;

• Preparing post-emergency reports.

� Society In-charge/ Security In-charge

• Ensures that the appropriate outside emergency agencies have been notified.

• Coordinates the activities of all building emergency staff and floor in-charge.

• Coordinates all occupant notification and makes sure that any necessary evacuation or relocation

begins.

• Ensures adequate monitoring and control of all building life safety systems and equipment.

• During a fire emergency, some authorities having jurisdiction require that the building Fire Safety

Director must make sure that all elevators serving the fire floor are recalled to the lobby level (unless

the fire is occurring in the lobby) and taken out of service.

• Confirms that any investigation of the fire or source of the fire alarm, or initial suppression of a fire,

is performed.

• Arranges for responding emergency personnel to be met at the designated entrance of the building

and given an up-to-date report on the incident (including its location and any reported injuries), the

status of security and building fire life safety systems, and the location and status of all evacuees and

building emergency staff addressing the incident (building information forms, notification of specific

hazards, floor plans, essential keys and access cards, etc., also should be readily available).

• Ensures that every incident is thoroughly documented and that required notifications and reports to

the appropriate authorities are carried out.

DMP Onsite Matrix Following matrix shall be used which will address all the possible scenario of the building


Table 5.1: Scenario of the building

Goal: To keep the disaster management plan up to date 24X7

Objectives: To safeguard the inmates and neighbors in the event of disaster

Scenario Who is responsible When to contact and

how

Lift failure Society In-charge/Security

In-charge

Lift does not move. From the lift, use the

alarm. If outside use phone (internal) or reverse

alarm system (not running on electricity or

battery backup

Fire in building

(limited area)

Security In-charge,

Society In-charge

Will be finalized after completion of the

project and formation of society.

Fire in large area (floor) Security In-charge,

Society In-charge

Fire in utility areas Security In-charge

Electrical failure

Security In-charge,


manager

Water supply

interruptions

Security In-charge,


manager

Building damage

(minor) Building manager

Building damage

(major) Security

ii. HAZARD IDENTIFICATION AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT

� Identification of potential structural hazards existing in the area Structural safety of the building needs to be assessed with regards to its safety from hazards like

earthquakes, cyclones, floods and fire.

� Identification of potential non-structural hazards existing in the area

The plan shall identify the potential hazards that frequently occur in that area. It is therefore necessary

for us to identify potential hazards to which the building might be exposed. For this a hazard

assessment shall be conducted by taking into account the history of disasters that have occurred in

that area for the last 20 - 25 years. Based on the hazard assessment, the members of the DMC will

prepare the Disaster Management Plan.

� Points to remember while coordinating a survey

• Survey of the building and surrounding area.

• The areas which would cause problems in an earthquake, flood, cyclone, fire are identified.

� Inventory of resources available

• All the resources available in the building need to be listed out like: HVAC System, STP System, Fire

Control System, Sensors, and Building Management System.

• List and plan of building structure

o Total number of floors in the building

o The total number of suites/rooms in the building

o Open areas where evacuation is possible

o Stairs and lifts locations and uses

o Open verandas and roof tops


iii. PREPARATION OF BUILDING EMERGENCIES PLAN

�� The physical location and demographic details of the building and its surrounding environment A detailed situational analysis of the building needs to be carried out. The map shall indicate the

following components:

• Number of floors, basements in the building, its section & all elevations plan showing the elevators,

stairs case and fire exits.

• Number of open space in the building.

• Ground area showing landscape and parking space.

• Fire Hydrants on the site.

• Parking area for emergency vehicle such as ambulance and fire extinguisher.

�� Resource mapping showing the resources available Material resources available in the building such as

• First aid boxes

• Sprinklers

• Stretchers

• Fire extinguishers

• Ladders

• Thick ropes

• Torches

• Communication systems

• Open spaces

�� Map showing nearest available critical resources This can be shown in the form of a circle diagram chart showing the direction and the distance to the

nearest available resources like the fire service station, hospital / Primary Health Centre/ Dispensary /

private clinic / medical college / medical shop, Red cross, Ambulance, office of the district collector,

police station, NCC offices etc.

�� Vulnerability mapping and coping mechanisms showing the vulnerable locations in the building

• Number of occupants in each floor (male, female, physically challenged, sick and ailing) to be

demarcated on the plan.

• Main switch board and the Electrical wires & various electrical equipment’s in the building.

�� Building Emergency Systems and Equipment The systems and equipment will include the following:

• Voice communication and building PA system

• Fire department voice communication systems

• Public telephone for fire department use

• Stairwell intercom systems

• Fire detection and alarm system annunciator and control panels

• Manual fire alarm stations (sometimes called manual fire alarm boxes, manual pull stations, or

manual pull alarms)

�� Automatic detection systems (smoke detectors, heat detectors, and gas detectors)

• Automatic sprinkler systems, sprinkler control valve and water-flow detector annunciator panels and

fire pump status indicators, and standpipe and hose systems

• Other fire protection equipment and system controls

• On-site and off-site monitoring arrangements of fire detection and suppression equipment

• Air-handling system controls and status indicators

• Elevator status panel displaying elevator operations

• Emergency and standby power systems


• Controls for simultaneous unlocking of stairwell doors locked from the stair-well side

• Utility service (gas, electrical, water) shutdown locations, tools, etc.

• Fire department locks box or rapid entry key vault.

iv. TRAINING OF OCCUPANTS AND SECURITY TEAM

�� Emergency Control Centers The emergency control center is the place from which the operations to handle the emergency will be

directed and coordinated. The site main controller, key personnel and the senior officers of the fire

and police services will attend it.

The center will be equipped to receive and transmit information and directions from and to the

incident controller and other areas of the works, as well as outside.

Emergency control centers will therefore contain the following:

�� A plan of the works, to show:

• Evacuation Plans of the building and Assembly points;

• Access to all emergencies technologies to control emergencies effectively

• Areas where there are large inventories of hazardous materials, if any;

• Sources of safety equipment;

• The fire-fighting system

• Site entrance and roadways, including up-to-date information on road-works

• The location of the building in relation to the surrounding community

• Notepads, pens and pencils.

• A list of key personnel, with addresses, telephone numbers, etc.

�� Materials Required

• All the IEC (Information, Education and Communication) material available with the municipal

administration and other authorities in the form of posters, pamphlets, films, etc. on disaster

management.

• The team will require:

o Map of the building

o Evacuation Plan

o Information on number of floors, rooms, occupants

o Information on security and safety system in the building

o Contact information of nearest fire station, civil defense in-charge(s), nearest medical facility,

local Red Cross/fire brigade

• Master keys

• Signs to post and writing implements

• Identification badge or armband

�� Training Required A through orientation on different aspects of Disaster Risk Management.

�� Building Walkthrough

When training new emergency staff members, particularly those who due to their responsibilities

have a need to understand all aspects of the building (for example, certain building security staff),

it is very helpful to take them on a tour of the building and its fire life safety features. These

building walk-through should be conducted systematically. A sample outline for touring a

hypothetical building and inspecting its fire life safety systems and equipment is given below:

• Walk the site.


• Walk the perimeter of the building and inspect all exits, including exits from the subterranean parking

structure.

• Enter the building at street level, inspect the main lobby, and note the configuration of passenger and

freight/service elevators.

• Take an elevator to the subterranean parking structure and walk all levels (take note of roll-down

gates and doors with fusible links).

• In the building tower, take an elevator to several individual floors (one in the low-rise elevator bank,

one in the mid-rise elevator bank, and one in the high- rise elevator bank). On each floor, review the

posted floor evacuation signs, walk through the common areas and public corridors to become

familiar with each floor's configuration, and inspect each stairwell. Note the informational signs

indicating floor numbers within the stairwell. Inspect maintenance spaces, including mechanical areas

and elevator machine rooms.

• Access the roof.

• Proceed to the Fire Command Center and inspect the following fire life safety systems and devices:

o Fire department voice communication systems

o Stairwell intercom systems

o Fire detection and alarm system annunciator and control panels, including determining the

types of devices and their locations

o Sprinkler control valve, water-flow detector, and fire pump status panels

o Other fire protection equipment and system annunciation or status indicators

o Air-handling system controls and status indicators

o Elevator status panel displaying elevator operations

o Emergency and standby power systems status indicators

o Controls for simultaneously unlocking stairwell doors locked from the stairwell side

o Building and elevator keys

o The Building Emergency Procedures Manual

� On a typical floor, inspect the location of manual fire alarm stations and automatic detection devices

(smoke, heat, or gas detectors).

� Inspect the following systems and equipment distributed throughout the building:

• Fire Pump Room

• Domestic water valves

• Emergency and standby power generator

• Sprinkler control valves (main valve and those located in stairwells)

• Main electrical panels (power transformer room)

• Gas mains and shut-off valves

• Fire department connections on the exterior of the building (for automatic sprinkler and standpipe

systems)

• Locations of elevator pits

• Elevator car operation (including manual recall, independent service, and "Fireman's Return

Override'' or "Fireman's By-Pass'')

• Fire department lock box or rapid entry key vault

• Any other fire life safety equipment (such as automated external defibrillators)

Inspect out-of-building safe refuge areas.

�� How to Communicate the Building Emergency Plan to Fire and Emergency Agencies?

It is very important that local fire, law enforcement, and emergency medical services be provided with

details of the Building Emergency Plan. The copy of the manual is required to be readily available at the

building for emergency.


v. CONDUCT REGULAR MOCK DRILL AND REPORT TO DMC Mock drills are conducted to train building occupant and to test the various elements of your response

plan in order to evaluate and revise it. During a disaster, life-protecting actions must be taken

immediately. There will not be time to decide what to do next; everyone must already know how to react

appropriately. After a disaster, further life protecting actions such as emergency evacuation or first aid

administration may be necessary; well trained staff will guarantee that these crucial steps are taken as

quickly as possible. Drills and exercises are an extremely important part of the preparedness plan because

they

� Teach the occupants of a building how to respond to the complications of an actual disaster, and

� Helps to evaluate how well all parts of the emergency plan work together and how well the occupants

have been trained.

�� Earthquake

• Follow the mitigation plan as given in Earthquake section of this DMP

• Practice drop, cover, and hold

• Evacuate building in less than 4 minutes using different exits

• Look out for colleagues, friends, etc.

• Stay away from weak areas

• Help those who need assistance

�� Fire / Chemical Accident / Drill

• Follow the mitigation plan as given in Fire & Fire Alarm section of this DMP

• The need to prepare for sudden accidents needs awareness and sufficient knowledge

• To know Why and how to handle an accident is important

• Information

• Practice mock drills every month

�� Flood Drill

• Follow the mitigation plan as given in Flood section of this DMP

• Listen to flood warning and recognize changes in weather

• Make announcements about precautionary measures

• Provide food, water, sheets, and beds in the place where people will assemble

• Explain how to remain safe outdoors

• Shift money and other valuables

• Put off electricity

• Remove or close down gas connections

vi. EVALUATION AND UPDATING OF THE PLAN TO IMPROVE EFFECTIVENESS The building plan needs to be periodically evaluated and updated. The suggested period for plan updating

is quarterly or every six months. It is the responsibility of the DMC to make sure that the plan is effective

and is taken seriously by all concerned. The first mock drill when conducted in any building will have

many loop holes. Mock drills need to be evaluated and made more efficient.

The emergency control center should be sited in an area of minimum risk.

Table 5.2: Safety Drill and Maintenance Needs Updates

Sr.

No. Types of Drills

Frequency of

drill Who must attend

Date of drill and any

issues : Log drills

1 Earthquake safety 6 months All occupiers Log book

2 Fire safety 6 months All occupiers Log book


3 Fire and any other

equipment maintenance 3 months Security

Must report to Safety

manager and maintain a

log book

4 Lift security 3 months

Security,

Maintenance &

Service manager



log book

5 Water management 3 months

Security,

Maintenance &

Service manager



log book

6 Safety kit check 6 months

Security, Safety

manager and

volunteers

Log book

5.1.1.1 CODES AND STANDARDS Unless specifically mentioned otherwise, all the applicable Codes and Standards published by the Bureau

of Indian Standards and their subsequent revision / BS Standards shall govern in respect of design,

workmanship, quality and properties of materials and method of testing; standards listed below table 5.3

shall be applicable, in particular:

Table 0: Standards for Design, Workmanship, Quality and Properties of Materials

and Method of Testing

BC National Building Code of India Part IV for Fire Protection System

NFPA 2001 Standard on Clean agent fire extinguishing systems

IS-1239 / IS 3589 Specification for MS / GI Pipes

API 600 / BS 5163 Specifications for Gun Metal gate, globe valve

IS778/780/2906 Check Valves for water supply

IS-800 Specifications for Structural steel

IS-814 Specifications for covered electrodes for metal arc welding of structural steel

BS-5155 Specifications for C.I .butterfly valve

IS-4927 Specifications for Canvas Hose Pipes

IS-903 Specifications for Branch pipes Fire hose, Couplings and auxiliary equipment

IS-5290 Specifications for hydrant landing valves

IS-1200 Method of measuring of building & civil engineering Works (water supply,

plumbing drain & sanitary fittings)

IS-4853 Recommended practice for radiographic inspection of fusion welded butt joints in

steel pipes

IS-636 Synthetic, jacketed hose pipes

IS-5 Specification for painting

IS 9137 Specification for horizontal end suction centrifugal pump

BS-1965 Part I Specification for butt-welded Pipe Fittings

IS 8423 Controlled percolating hose for fire fighting

IS 2871 Branch pipe, universal for fire-fighting purposes

IS 884 First aid hose reel for fire fighting

IS 2190 Code of practice for selection, installation and maintenance of portable first aid fire

extinguishers

IS 937 Specification for washers for water fittings for fire-fighting system

IS 9972 Specification for automatic sprinkler heads

IS 2171 Dry chemical powder type Fire extinguishers

IS 940 Water type CO2 Fire extinguishers

IS 2878 Carbon – di – oxide type Fire extinguishers

IS 2189 Installation & Maintenance of Fire Detection and Alarm System


IS-694 Copper wire

IS-9968 (Pt-1) Rubber Insulated Braided Wire

IS-1554 (Pt-1) PVC Insulated Cables

Shade No.536 of

IS-5 Paint Shade for main Equipment/accessories

5.1.1.2 BUILDING EMERGENCIES & MITIGATION PLAN The proposed building The Address located at the prime area of Mumbai, i.e. Ghatkopar. In order to

achieve effectively the objectives of emergency planning, M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd will look into

and implement the critical elements which form the backbone of Disaster Management Plan (DMP), they

are:

�� Reliable and early detection of an emergency and immediate careful planning.

�� The command, co-ordination and response organization structure along with availability of efficient

trained personnel.

�� The availability of resources for handling emergencies.

�� Appropriate emergency response action.

�� Effective notification and communication facilities.

�� Regular review and updating of DMP.

�� Protect training of the concerned personnel.

�� Minimizing the effects may include rescue, first aid, evacuation, rehabilitation and giving information

promptly to people living nearby and scrutinized information’s to media.

5.1.1.3 FIRES AND FIRE ALARMS

Fire

Fires can be particularly dangerous to building occupants. The most critical risks in this structure include

fire, explosion and contamination of life-support systems such as air and potable water supply. These

threats can be actualized accidentally or intentionally and because they propagate rapidly can quickly

develop to catastrophic levels.

Despite the fact that fires are rare occurrences, if one does occur, everyone in a building must react

quickly. In other emergencies, such as a winter storm or civil disturbance, the initial reaction to early

warnings of this type of emergency will not necessarily determine its impact on the building. In a fire

emergency, however, the first 3 to 4 minutes are critical. The timely handling of a fire emergency

according to sound procedures can help stop the event from rapidly becoming a major problem. Before

proceeding, it is helpful to understand the makeup of fire and the behavior of occupants when it occurs.

The recommended procedure for Handling of Fire Emergency is given below.


Fig. 5.4: Procedure to Handle Fire Emergency

� Fire Alarms

Fire alarms are significant systems in buildings. The primary purpose of a fire detection system is to

respond to a fire, and to transform this response into a visual-audible signal which should alert the

building's occupants and the fire department that a fire has been initiated. The fire detection system is

intended to respond to the initial signs, signals, or stimuli which indicate that a fire has begun.

Whenever a fire or a fire alarm occurs, all building occupants need to be alerted to the existence (or

possible existence) of fire to initiate emergency procedures. All occupants should be evacuated in a

prompt, safe, and orderly fashion according to procedures established in the Building Emergency

Procedures Plan.

Roles & Responsibility:

�� Property In-charge/Security In-charge Responsibilities

Building Property In-charge/Security Officer and alternate Facility In-charge responsibilities includes:

• Determining and co-coordinating emergency response actions for a particular floor or portion of a

floor;

• Ensuring that all occupants, including those with disabilities, are completely out of unsafe areas;

• Making sure evacuees use stairwells and not building elevators; and

• Keeping evacuated or relocated persons at the safe refuge area until building management or the fire

department authorizes them to return to their workstations.

�� Occupant Response to a Fire

When a fire alarm occurs, duties and responsibilities will be similar to those carried out in a fire

emergency, but will vary from building to building and city to city, depending on the requirements of the


authority having jurisdiction. For instance, some fire departments require occupants on the floor where

the fire alarm is activated to proceed to the nearest safe stairwell and descend at least five floors below

(see footnote in preceding section). Other fire departments require that when a fire alarm is activated the

occupants on the floor in alarm proceed immediately to the nearest safe stairwell and wait there for

further instructions from building management (usually over the PA system) or from Facility In-charges.

In a fire alarm situation, occupants should never use elevators to evacuate because, if there is an actual

fire, they may malfunction because of heat and cause entrapment of passengers. This point is addressed in

the preceding section.

�� Occupant Actions Generally, if occupants discover a fire they should:

• Notify anyone in the immediate area of danger

• Close doors to confine the fire/smoke, but not lock them

• Activate or request that someone else activate a manual fire alarm station

• Call the fire department by dialing 101, if this service is available. If another number is required, a

sticker showing this number should be on all telephones. The following information should be given

to the emergency service operator:

o Building name and address

o Nearest street

o Location of fire in the building (floor number, suite/room number)

o Caller's call-back telephone number

o The caller should not hang up until the emergency service operator does so.

• If time allows, call the Building Management Officer (or the Office of the Building) or security to

notify them of the fire

• Operate a portable fire extinguisher if trained and it is safe to do so, making sure to keep an

unobstructed escape route in case the fire enlarges

�� Use of Elevators

During a fire or fire alarm, evacuating occupants should never use an elevator whose shaft penetrates the

fire/ fire alarm floor.

The use of elevators is unsafe in a fire because:

• Persons may push a corridor button and wait for an elevator that may never respond, losing valuable

escape time

• Elevators do not prioritize car and corridor calls, and one of the calls may be at the fire floor

• Elevators cannot start until the car and hoist way doors close and panic could lead to elevator

overcrowding and door blockage, which would thus prevent closing

• Power can fail at any time during a fire, thus leading to entrapment

�� Evacuation Guidelines

Evacuation is complicated by the tendency most people have to leave buildings by the same route they

use to enter. Occupants should be taught the following evacuation guidelines:

• Try to stay as calm as possible

• React immediately. Move quickly but do not run

• Keep noise to a minimum and listen for instructions, particularly those over the PA system. Follow

the directions of Facility In-charges

• If there is smoke, crawl low, keeping the head above the floor, NFPA recommends keeping the head

12 to 24 inches above the floor. The air near the floor is cleaner because heat and smoke rise. If

necessary, place an article of clothing or a handkerchief over the mouth and nose to aid breathing. Do

not wet the fabric, as heat may result in steam being breathed into the lungs

• Do not smoke


• Feel each door with the back of your hand to ensure the door is not hot because of a fire behind it. If it

is hot, do not go through it. If the door is cool, open it slowly

• Close doors behind you as you leave an area, but do not lock them. (If time permits, turn off electrical

appliances, but leave lights on)

• If trapped in rooms close all doors and seal the bottom of the door with clothing, or the like. If the

telephone is working, notify building management or the fire department of your predicament. If you

can reach an exterior window, try to signal for outside assistance by placing a sign against the

window or waving with something brightly colored. Windows should not be broken unless breathing

becomes difficult (breaking them may allow smoke or fire lapping up from floors below to enter). In

a modern high-rise, if a window has to be broken out, try to choose one with a decal marked

"tempered" because its glass will shatter when broken

• Stop, drop, and roll if your clothing catches fire. Do not attempt to run through a fire

• If you encounter smoke on entering a stairwell, proceed to an alternate stair-well

• If smoke is coming up in the stairwells, evacuate upward and enter a safe floor that is located at least

three floors above the fire floor, or proceed to the building roof. Move away from the stairwell exit

and, if there is a helipad or heliport, proceed to the safe holding area's designated passenger pick up,

and make room for a helicopter to land to execute a rescue. (Evacuation upward is most unusual in

modern high-rise buildings because the stairwells are designed to keep smoke out—also, evacuating

to the roof is not encouraged because only a limited number of people can be accommodated and

removed from the building there, possibly by way of helicopter. The operation of helicopters in a fire

situation is dangerous due to turbulent air currents exacerbated by the fire itself). If you have

evacuated upward, try to notify building management, security, or the fire department of your actions.

• Always close stairwell doors after you enter them. (Occupants sometimes prop doors open, thereby

allowing smoke to move into what should be a smoke-free zone)

• Before entering the stairwell, remove high-heel or awkward shoes to avoid tripping injuries

• Use the stairwell's continuous handrail and keep to one side in single file so that any responding

building emergency staff or fire fighters are not obstructed

• Do not use the stairwell to congregate with others

• When you reach the relocation floor and before reentering the building from the stairwell, remember

to feel the stairwell door with the back of your hand to ensure the door is not hot because of a fire

behind it

• When you exit the building, move away from it as soon as possible. Be careful of falling glass.

• To descend a fire escape face the rungs or steps, grasp both rails firmly, and look beneath your arms

as you move down the escape. At the bottom there will be a "drop ladder'' or "swing ladder.'' Another

person should be at this location to assist descending occupants

• Dispel rumors and false information. (Refrain from using the word "fire" because it may cause some

people to panic)

Mitigation Plans

�� Basis / Concept of Design

The firefighting arrangement shall be designed as per the requirement of local guidelines, NFPA &

engineering design standard.

The entire fire safety installation shall be compliant with the most stringent codes/standard for the entire

Complex to ensure the highest safety standard and uniformity of system. Further, before property is

opened to public, the fire protection shall be fully operated and tested under simulated conditions to

demonstrate compliance with the most stringent standards, codes and guidelines.

At The Address, the Fire protection engineering works includes complete design, Engineering with

necessary design calculations, Fit – up details, Supporting details for the fire hydrant system, Hose Reel

system, Sprinkler system, Fire detection & Fire alarm system, first aid fire extinguishers.

At The Address, Fire and smoke alarm would be installed at every floor. Appropriate measures would be

taken for their proper functioning. The functioning of these fire alarms would be checked every week by


the building safety managers. A report of the same would be recorded in the relevant documents and

discrepancies/defects if any be corrected/ repaired on top priority.

The Fire protection system shall be designed and installed as per National Building code (NBC) of India

2005, Part IV Fire & Life safety and as per recommendation of Local Fire and Emergency Services.

�� Summary of Fire Fighting Strategies:

• Follow National Building Code Sept 2005: Part IV for Fire Protection, NOC from the Fire

Department

• Piping system confirming to IS: 1239 – MS Heavy Class ( GI In case of Mumbai and

• Fire water static storage has been provided in accordance to NBC requirement.

• Fire fighting tanks of adequate capacity

• Pumping system comprising of independent pumps for hydrant, sprinkler & jockey application has

been provided.

• External & internal hydrant complete with hose reel.

• Sprinkler rating and type shall be selected for respective areas.

• Trolley mounted CO2 system for Transformer Room / LT Panel Room / DG Room, all as per local

bye-laws.

• Hand held fire extinguishers strategically placed at designated areas

5.1.1.4 TYPE OF SYSTEMS PROPOSED:

Following are the various Fire Protection systems proposed:

• Fire Fighting Tank

• Heat Detector

• Smoke Detector

• Fire Sprinkler Systems

• Fire Alarm Systems

• Portable Fire Extinguishers

• Fire Engine Movement

• Occupant Training

• Electrical Wiring

• Evacuation Plan

• Fire Protection Signs – Sample

� Fire Fighting Tank

Firefighting tank has been provided with the adequate capacity.

Details

Underground Tank (KL)

Fire Fighting Sprinkler water

MCGM parking 100 --

Tower A 250 100

Tower B 300 100

Tower C 250 100

� Heat Detector A heat detector is a fire alarm device designed to respond when the convicted thermal energy of a fire

increases the temperature of a heat sensitive element. The thermal mass and conductivity of the element

regulate the rate flow of heat into the element. Heat Detector will be provided as will be Addressable Fire

alarm control Panel.


Fig. 5.5: Heat Detector

� Smoke detector

A smoke detector is a device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire. Commercial, industrial,

and mass residential devices issue a signal to a fire alarm system, while household detectors, known as

smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible and/or visual alarm from the detector itself. Smoke Detector

will be provided as will be Addressable Fire alarm control Panel.

Fig. 5.5: Smoke Detector

� Fire Sprinkler Systems A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure, consisting of a water supply system,

providing adequate pressure and flow-rate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire

sprinklers are connected. A fire sprinkler system is an integrated system of underground and overhead

piping with independent sprinkler heads for controlling and/or extinguishing a fire. The following

guidelines will help ensure that the fire sprinkler system operates as designed:

� Reduce storage and maintain a minimum clearance of 18 inches below the deflector of the lowest

installed fire sprinkler head.

� Ensure that no screens, clothing materials, or other large items are displayed horizontally in any area

with a fire sprinkler system.

� Ensure no items are attached in any form with the fire sprinkler system piping or heads.

� Maintain a minimum of 36 inches access to and work space around every fire sprinkler control valve,

sectional valve, drain valves, and inspector test valves.

Fig. 5.6: Fire Sprinkler Systems


� Portable Fire Extinguishers Portable fire extinguishers are intended as a first line of defense to cope with fires of a limited size.

They are needed even if the property is equipped with automatic sprinklers, standpipe and hose, or

other fixed protection equipment. The fire protection guidelines are general in nature and are not

intended to abrogate specific requirements of other codes and/or policies and procedures. The

following general rules apply to most facilities:

• A fire extinguisher must be within 75 feet travel distance to any area of a building (does not have

to be in a room). Travel distance cannot include stairs, steps, or locked doors.

• Fire extinguishers must be of the appropriate type for the area. For this reason, fire extinguishers

must be removed, relocated, purchased, serviced, and installed by the building’s fire equipment

technicians.

• Fire extinguishers must be visible or signs posted to identify location. Access to fire extinguishers

cannot be obstructed.

Portable fire extinguishers are provided at locations mentioned below,

• Dry chemical powder type fire extinguisher conforming to IS 2171 near car parking lots, main

switch board room, transformer, generator room, pump room, lift machine room.

• Water expelled carbon-dioxide type fire extinguisher conforming to IS 940 located near each

staircase landing on every floor and Lobby areas.

• Carbon dioxide type fire extinguishers conforming to IS 2878, located in electrical panel room,

pump room, lift machine room and Lobby areas.

• Mechanical foam type fire extinguishers at HSD Yard, D.G. Rooms, and Firewater pump house

and near oil filled Transformers.

� Fire Engine Access Movement

The site layout & Fire Engine Movement has been shown, for the site.

An adequate space between groups of buildings has been provided to limit the spread of fire, to

provide escape and to provide access for fire-fighting equipment and vehicle

� Occupant Training The occupiers of the proposed ‘The Address’ would be given demonstration about the measures to

be adopted during fire explained in the above paragraph. These measures would be provided by

qualified staffs (fire brigade staffs). A report of the same would be submitted by building manager to

M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. A separate provision of budget for the same shall be made as

DMP budget and be kept for any eventuality.

Fig. 5.7: Portable Fire Extinguishers


� Electrical Wiring

• It is important that building must be adopted with proper

could take place through various accidents; one of them is through electrical faulty materials. Hence,

all the electrical wiring of the proposed building would be made as per the Government standards.

Also maintenance of these electrical wires would be carried out at regular intervals. This would

generate more job opportunities for electrical personnel of this area. The entire electrical wiring

checkup would be carried out by registered engineers of MCGM.

• Fire retardant low smoke, PVC insulated wires with stranded copper conductors will be used. The

wires will be 1100 V grade as per applicable standard published by the Bureau of Indian Standards.

� Evacuation Plan Proper evacuation plan would be chalked for the building. The map for the evacuation plan would be

provided to all the occupiers.

� Fire Protection Signs – Sample

• Fire Protection signs is applicable to any situations in which it is necessary or desirable t

in clear view of the public, the location and/or the nature of means of giving warning of fire and

manual controls; means of escape from fire; means of fire

spreading; areas or materials of special fire risk.

• The signage can be purchased from an agency who supplies as per the Indian Standards. Examples of

ISO 7010 fire safety and egress symbols.

Fig. 5.8

It is important that building must be adopted with proper emergencies management system. Fire



these electrical wires would be carried out at regular intervals. This would


checkup would be carried out by registered engineers of MCGM.

ow smoke, PVC insulated wires with stranded copper conductors will be used. The


Proper evacuation plan would be chalked for the building. The map for the evacuation plan would be

Sample

Fire Protection signs is applicable to any situations in which it is necessary or desirable t


manual controls; means of escape from fire; means of fire-fighting; means of preventing fire

spreading; areas or materials of special fire risk.

The signage can be purchased from an agency who supplies as per the Indian Standards. Examples of

ISO 7010 fire safety and egress symbols.

5.8: Fire Protection Signs as per ISO 7010

18

emergencies management system. Fire



these electrical wires would be carried out at regular intervals. This would


ow smoke, PVC insulated wires with stranded copper conductors will be used. The


Proper evacuation plan would be chalked for the building. The map for the evacuation plan would be

Fire Protection signs is applicable to any situations in which it is necessary or desirable to indicate


fighting; means of preventing fire

The signage can be purchased from an agency who supplies as per the Indian Standards. Examples of


Sample Layout

Fig.

Other measures that would be taken are:

Reference Standards The design and planning of Fire Protection System shall be done keeping in view the

in table 8.3

5.1.1.5 POWER FAILURES

Failure of electrical power to building will have a

failure occurs during normal operating hours when the building is fully occupied. A power failure may be

a brownout (a partial reduction in service) or a total blackout.

Power failure can be caused either by man

who collide with utility poles or power transformers, human error in operating equipment within the

building or outside it (such as at the utility company supplying the power), or mali

Natural events include storms, floods, and earthquakes.

Power failures also can cause computer memory loss and equipment damage. If the power loss is

anticipated, computers and computer systems can be shut down before it occurs. If no

received, the equipment should still be turned off as quickly as possible to avoid potential serious damage

to the electrical system from the sudden surge of power when it is first restored. Computer systems,

particularly mainframes, often are equipped with an uninterruptible power supply (UPS); and personal

computers often are equipped with surge protectors to reduce the chance of damage when power

fluctuates, surges, or is lost.

Buildings have emergency and standby power systems to provid

occupants during interruptions in their normal power supply. These systems also provide power to operate

building communication systems and to provide a minimum number of elevator functions. Both functions

are critical to buildings during power failures.

� Technologies to be installed: Power failure backupEmergency power systems are a type of system, which may include lighting, generators, fuel cells and

other apparatus, to provide backup power resources in a crisis or when regular systems fail. They find

Fig. 5.9: Sample Layout for Signage

measures that would be taken are:

The design and planning of Fire Protection System shall be done keeping in view the criteria’s mentioned

building will have a serious impact on its operations, particularly if the


a brownout (a partial reduction in service) or a total blackout.

her by man-made or natural events. Man- made causes may include drivers


building or outside it (such as at the utility company supplying the power), or mali

Natural events include storms, floods, and earthquakes.


anticipated, computers and computer systems can be shut down before it occurs. If no



are equipped with an uninterruptible power supply (UPS); and personal


uildings have emergency and standby power systems to provide safety and comfort to building



uildings during power failures.

Technologies to be installed: Power failure backup Emergency power systems are a type of system, which may include lighting, generators, fuel cells and


19

criteria’s mentioned

serious impact on its operations, particularly if the


made causes may include drivers


building or outside it (such as at the utility company supplying the power), or malicious tampering.


anticipated, computers and computer systems can be shut down before it occurs. If no prior notice is



are equipped with an uninterruptible power supply (UPS); and personal


e safety and comfort to building



Emergency power systems are a type of system, which may include lighting, generators, fuel cells and



uses in a wide variety of settings from residential homes to hospitals, scientific laboratories, data centers,

telecommunication equipment and modern naval ships. Emergency power systems can rely on generators,

deep cycle batteries, and flywheel energy storage or hydrogen fuel cells.

A diesel generator is the combination of a diesel engine with an electrical generator (often called an

alternator) to generate electric energy. Diesel generating sets are used in places without connection to the

power grid or as emergency power-supply if the grid fails. The packaged combination of a diesel engine,

a generator and various ancillary devices (such as base, canopy, sound attenuation, control systems,

circuit breakers, jacket water heaters and starting system) is referred to as a generating set or a genset for

short.

Fig. 5.10: Diesel Generator

Mitigation Plans at “The Address”:

� Diesel Generators

Diesel generate of capacity 320 kVA – 10 Nos. , 630 kVA – 1 No. , 750 kVA – 2 Nos. and 380 kVA – 1

No. will be provided at site. The diesel generator will backup common area lighting, lobbies, staircase &

lifts etc.

� Emergency Power Backup:

• Emergency backup for the (Common loads) Essential load will be provided.

• The generating capacity to be installed will provide Essential power requirements of all

systems/services. Auto Mains Failure (AMF) scheme is proposed for DG Sets.

Notes:

• Ratings of D.G. sets will be reviewed after finalization of all designs and before inviting tenders.

• It is proposed to install emergency backup only for Essential loads using Diesel Generating Sets for

supply of power when mains power is not available. Running of D.G sets in parallel with supply or

parallel operation of D.G. sets / USS is not proposed.

� Maintenance of the DG: The vendor will provide the AMC for 3-5 Years as a part of contract. On expiration, the AMC will be

renewed annual basis.

� Uninterruptible power supply (UPS) An uninterruptible power supply, also uninterruptible power source, UPS or battery/flywheel backup is an

electrical apparatus that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the

utility mains, fails. A UPS differs from an auxiliary or emergency power system or standby generator in

that it will provide instantaneous or near-instantaneous protection from input. This will be used to backup

important server and computer system.


5.1.1.8 AIRCRAFT COLLISIONS

A building is vulnerable to the remote possibility that an aircraft flying off-course could collide with it.

Obviously, the additional height, as compared with other structures, makes them more susceptible.

� Observations & Findings

Several building design features have been identified as key to the buildings' ability to remain standing as

long as they did and to allow the evacuation of most building occupants. These included the following:

Similarly, several design features have been identified that may have played a role in allowing the

buildings to collapse in the manner that they did and in the inability of victims at and above the impact

floors to safely exit. These features should not be regarded either as design deficiencies or as features that

should be prohibited in future building codes. Rather, these are features that should be subjected to more

detailed evaluation, in order to understand their contribution to the performance of these buildings and

how they may perform in other buildings. These include the following:

• The type of steel floor truss system present in these buildings and their structural robustness and

redundancy when compared with other structural systems

• Use of impact-resistant enclosures around egress paths

• Resistance of passive fire protection to blasts and impacts in buildings designed to provide resistance

to such hazards

• Grouping emergency egress stairways in the central building core, as opposed to dispersing them

throughout the structure

� Recommendations for Buildings Being Evaluated for Extreme Events In the study of the WTC towers (USA, 09/11 attack) and the surrounding buildings that were

subsequently damaged by falling debris and fire, several issues were found to be critical to the observed

building performance in one or more buildings. These issues fall into several broad topics that should be

considered for buildings that are being evaluated or designed for extreme events. It may be noted that

some of these issues should be considered for all buildings; however, additional studies are required

before general recommendations, if any, can be made for all buildings. The issues identified from this

study of damaged buildings in or near the WTC site have been summarized into the following points:

• Structural framing systems need redundancy and/or robustness, so that alternative paths or additional

capacity are available for transmitting loads when building damage occurs.

• Fireproofing needs to adhere under impact and fire conditions that deform steel members, so that the

coatings remain on the steel and provide the intended protection.

• One oft-mentioned issue is whether a separate, more rigorous set of codes and standards should apply

to extremely tall buildings.

• Connection performance under impact loads and during fire loads needs to be analytically understood

and quantified for improved design capabilities and performance as critical components in structural

frames.

• Fire protection ratings that include the use of sprinklers in buildings require a reliable and redundant

water supply. If the water supply is interrupted, the assumed fire protection is greatly reduced.

• Egress systems currently in use should be evaluated for redundancy and robustness in providing

egress when building damage occurs, including the issues of transfer floors, stair spacing and

locations, and stairwell enclosure impact resistance.

• Fire protection ratings and safety factors for structural transfer systems should be evaluated for their

adequacy relative to the role of transfer systems in building stability.

Mitigation Plan

� Aircraft Warning Lights

Aircraft warning lights are high-intensity lighting devices that are attached to tall structures that are used

as collision avoidance measures. Such devices make structures more visible to passing aircraft and are


usually used at night, although they may be used during the day as well. These lights need to be of

sufficient rightness in order to be visible for miles around the structure.

� Lamp types

The lights generally come in two forms:

• Red lamps that are either constantly illuminated or turn on and off slowly in a cycle of a few seconds.

• White xenon discharge flashers.

Fig. 5.11: Aircraft Warning Lights

5.1.1.7 NATURAL DISASTERS

Each natural disaster (earthquake, tsunami, volcano, winter storm, tornado, hurricane, or flood) requires a

separate life safety approach and should be independently covered in the Building Emergency Procedures

Manual.

EARTHQUAKE

Seismic Environment & Precautions

As per the Seismic Zoning Map of India, Mumbai region falls under Seismic Zone-III. The structural

design shall be certified as per IS code 875 and IS- 1893-2002 for Seismic Zone – III of Mumbai.

Earthquake Mitigation Strategies

� Roles & Responsibility:

Property In-charge/Security Officer Responsibilities Building Property In-charge/Security Officer and alternate Facility In-charge responsibilities includes:

•••• Contacting emergencies rescue centers and explain the emergencies to them.

•••• Determining and co-coordinating emergency response actions for a particular floor or portion of a

floor;

•••• Ensuring that all occupants, including those with disabilities, are completely out of unsafe areas;

•••• Keeping evacuated or relocated persons at the safe refuge area until building management or the fire

department authorizes them to return to their workstations.

Occupant Action

� Earthquake Preparedness

Earthquake preparedness can be approached in three distinct phases—before, during, and after the

earthquake, for the occupants and the building in-charge.

� Before the Earthquake Modern high-rise buildings in areas subject to earthquake activity are to be constructed in accordance

with strict building codes. Older buildings erected before seismic design considerations were mandated

may be required to perform structural retrofits to bring the structures up to code.


The effect of earthquakes on a building depends on factors such as the building's location in relation to

the quake's epicenter, type of soil or rock beneath the structure, magnitude of the quake, duration of the

shaking, type of motion the structure is subjected to, and the building's design and quality of construction.

The shaking of an earthquake may cause no structural damage, or it may cause destruction so severe that

the building collapses.

� During the Earthquake

An earthquake usually occurs without any warning other than possibly a roaring sound like a fast-

approaching locomotive or airplane. Thus occupants and building staff alike have only a few moments to

act. During an earthquake, most actions of those inside a high-rise building are geared toward self-

preservation, particularly on upper floors where the swaying may be the most extreme. The following are

basic guidelines for these moments:

•••• Do not panic (easier said than done).

•••• If on an upper floor, do not attempt to rush for stairwells. If on the ground or street level, do not run

outside. Occupants running out of buildings may be hit by falling glass and other materials or by

vehicles. If outside the building, do not attempt to re-enter the building but move, if possible, to an

open area that is a safe distance away from the building, utility poles, fallen electrical power lines,

street light fixtures, trees, and objects that may be a hazard.

•••• If inside an elevator, remember that in earthquake-susceptible areas most building elevators are

equipped with the seismic devices described in the previous section on "Elevator Malfunctions and

Entrapments," which will take you to the nearest floor in the direction you were traveling, stop, and

automatically open the doors. If the elevator stalls, do not attempt to force open the doors. Summon

assistance by pushing the emergency call, emergency alarm, or emergency only button on the elevator

car's floor selection panel. Then carry out the instructions of responding staff. Remember that power

failures are commonly associated with severe earthquakes, and there may be some delay in freeing all

passengers trapped in building elevators.

•••• If inside an building area, move away from exterior glass windows, interior temporary or glass

partitions, hanging objects, freestanding bookcases or cabinets, and other objects that may fall. Get

under a strong table or desk and hold onto it—it may move during a severe shaker.

•••• If in building corridors or lobbies, move to an interior wall away from light fixtures, tuck your head to

your knees, and cover your head with your arms to protect against falling objects such as ceiling tiles.

Do not attempt to use elevators.

•••• If inside a restroom, remain there and cover your head with your arms to protect yourself from falling

objects.

•••• If in the parking area and it is safe to remain, tuck your head to your knees, and cover your head with

your arms. In a severe earthquake, there may be out- of-control vehicles.

•••• Stay in your protective position, unless it becomes unsafe to do so, until the shaking has ceased and it

appears safe to move.

•••• Do not smoke or use a lighter or matches; if the building has gas lines, there may be leaks.

� After the Earthquake

If the earthquake has caused damage, assist Facility In-charge s and building emergency staff by checking

for injured persons and providing assistance if you are trained to do so. If not, locate someone who is

trained to assist. Do not attempt to move injured persons unless it is imperative or there is the risk of more

severe injury occurring if they are not moved. If there are many injured occupants, it may be necessary to

set up a triage (triage is the process of classifying victims according to medical treatment needs) and first

aid area on each floor. There may be fatalities during a severe earthquake. One cause of death may be

heart attacks suffered during such a traumatic event. Next, check your immediate area for damage and

potential hazards if aftershocks should occur. Open doors cautiously because objects may fall. Check for

telephone handsets that have been knocked off the hook. Use telephones for emergency communications

only.


During this time, listen for announcements and instructions over the PA communication system if it is

still operational. Follow the directions of building staff members, Facility In-charge, and responding

public agencies. You could also listen to portable radios for public safety messages. Do not pass on

anything to others that could be misinformation. Remain on your floor and do not use elevators until you

are authorized to do so. Above all, be prepared for aftershocks. Depending on the severity of the event,

building management will notify occupants if it is safe to return to work, if evacuation of the building or

relocation within the building is required, or if occupants are to remain on their floor and await further

instructions.

Soil liquefaction, landslides, and fires are common results of major earth quakes. Liquefaction occurs in

areas where loose soils with a high water table are present. If the earthquake is a major one, public

firefighting capabilities will be severely strained because of extraordinary demands for service,

difficulties in transporting equipment along damaged or blocked roadways and freeways, and possible

disruption of the public water supply.

An earthquake may cause such serious damage to a building that for a time tenants cannot enter it at all,

or can enter only under certain conditions. The building should be secured and a recorded message

informing tenants of the situation placed on building management's voice-mail system or on a special toll-

free number. Tenants should be aware that such communications are provided for them to obtain

information about building operations, particularly during emergency situations.

Mitigation Plan

Design and choice of building materials have a major impact on a building's earthquake safety. Less

rigidity in buildings and a combination of flexing and tensile strength allows for more resistance to

earthquakes. Lightness of the building material reduces likelihood of injuries or of people becoming

trapped if the building does collapse.

BIS Codes that would be followed by M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. are: Table demonstrates BIS codes for design of building materials.

Table 0: BIS codes for design of building material

Codes What it says

IS:1893 (Part 2) Elevated and Ground Supported Liquid Retaining Structures

IS:1893 (Part 3) Bridges and Retaining Walls

IS:4326 Earthquake Resistant Construction

IS:13920 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures

IS:13827 Earthen Dwellings

IS:13828 Low Strength Masonry Structures

IS:13935 Seismic Strengthening of Structures

� Flood/Heavy Rainfall

Particularly in Mumbai, areas having poor drainage characteristic get flooded by accumulation of water

from heavy rainfall. Following precautions would be taken by M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. to

manage flood disasters:

M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. proposes:

a. Storm water system would be checked and cleaned periodically.

b. Mapping the areas within or leading in or out of the building that will be water logged, flooded or

isolated due to the flood. The areas will be marked after completion of the project (as final ground

levels etc. will be available after completion).

c. Dewatering pumps shall be installed at vulnerable locations.


Flood Mitigation Strategies

Report on flood mitigation measures already obtained & propose to implement.

o Data Collection and Analysis

o Vulnerability Reduction

b. Preparation for Floods

o Prediction

o Emergency Preparedness (including monitoring, alerts)

o Education, Training and Awareness

• Post-flood Mitigation Measures: o Rescue and evacuation

o Relief, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction

Occupant Action

� Flood Preparedness

The guide lists simple things one can do to stay safe and protect one from floods.

• Know the route to the nearest safe shelters that your area aware off.

• Keep the First Aid Kit ready with extra medication for snake bite and diarrhea

• Strong ropes for tying things

• A radio, torch and spare batteries

• Stocks of fresh water, dry food, candles, matchbox, kerosene etc.

• Umbrellas and bamboo sticks (to protect from snakes)

• Higher ground where people and animals can take shelter

� When you hear a flood warning

• Tune in to your radio or watch for warning and advice

• Keep vigil of flood warning given by local authorities

• Keep dry food and drinking water and warm clothes ready

• Check your emergency kit

� If you need to evacuate

• Pack clothing, essential medication, valuables, personal papers etc. in water proof bags to be taken to

the safe shelter.

• Raise furniture, appliances on beds and tables

• Put sandbags in the toilet bowl and cover all drain holes to prevent sewage backflow.

• Do not get into water of unknown depth and current

• Lock your house and take the recommended or known evacuation routes for your area of safe shelter.

Technologies to be installed

� Sump pump A sump pump is a pump used to remove water that has accumulated in water collecting sump pit,

commonly found in the basement of building. Sump pumps are used where basement flooding happens

regularly and to remedy dampness where the water table is above the foundation of a home. Sump pumps

send water away from a building to any place where it is no longer problematic, such as

a municipal storm drain or a dry well.

� Personal flotation device

A personal flotation device (abbreviated as PFD; also referred to as, life jacket, life preserver, life

vest, life saver, cork jacket, life belt, flotation suit, etc) is a device designed to assist a wearer, either

conscious or unconscious, to keep afloat with his or her mouth and nose (airway) of his or her head's face


above the water surface when in or on water. It is suggested to have PFD jackets for the Rescue (Disaster

Management team. PDF will be providing at site.

� Lifeboat A personal flotation device (abbreviated as PFD; also referred to as, life jacket, life preserver, life

vest, life saver, cork jacket, life belt, flotation suit, etc) is a device designed to assist a wearer, either

conscious or unconscious, to keep afloat with his or her mouth and nose (airway) of his or her head's face

above the water surface when in or on water. It is suggested to have PFD jackets for the Rescue (Disaster

Management team.

� Quantity: 4-5 lifeboats will be kept in the service room or store room, which are adequate to evacuate people &

relocate them to a safer zone.

Security people will be responsible to operate the boat; however, during the drill session occupant will be

informed and trained about the usage and operation of the boat.

8.1.1.8 OTHER SAFETY MEASURE

� Bombs & Other Terrorist Activities: Bombs can be constructed to look like almost anything and can be placed or delivered in any number of

ways. The probability of finding a stereotypical- looking bomb is almost nonexistent. The only common

denominator among bombs is that they are designed to explode. Most bombs are homemade. Only the

imagination of and the resources available to the bomber limit their design. When searching for a bomb,

suspect anything that looks unusual. Let the trained technician determine what is or is not a bomb. Follow

the checklist given below:

Addressee unfamiliar with name and address of sender

• Package/letter has no return address

• Addressee is not expecting package/letter, or expects different size package

• Improper or incorrect title, address, or spelling of name of addressee

• Addressee title but no name given

• Wrong title with name

• Handwritten or poorly typed address

• Misspelling of common words

• Return address and postmark are not from same area

• Excessive postage or unusual stamps used versus metered postage

• Special handling instructions on package (special delivery, to be opened by addressee only, foreign

mail, and air mail, etc)

• Restrictive markings (personal, confidential, etc)

• Excessive securing material such as wrapping, tape, or string

• Oddly shaped or unevenly weighted packages

• Bulky, lumpy, or rigid envelopes

• Lopsided or uneven envelopes

• Oily stains or discoloration

• Strange odors

• Protruding wires or metal

• Visual distractions (drawings, statements, etc)

• Mail arrives before or after a telephone call from an unknown person who asks whether the recipient

has opened it or who requests that he or she opens it


This is only a general checklist. When an item is in question, the best protection is to make personal

contact with the sender of the package or letter but not to open it.

Mitigation Plans

� Safety Procedure

To cope with a bomb incident, it is necessary to develop two separate but interdependent plans. The bomb

incident plan provides the detailed procedures to be implemented when a bombing attack is threatened or

executed. A physical security plan, which is covered in detail in the next section, provides protection of

property, personnel, facilities, and material against unauthorized entry, trespass, damage, sabotage, or

other illegal or criminal acts. In most instances, some form of physical security is already in existence,

although it may not necessarily be intended to prevent a bomb attack.

To carry out these plans, a definite chain of command must be established to instill confidence and avoid

panic. This is easy if there is a simple structure, or one business, in the building. However, in a multiple-

tenant building a representative from each tenant should attend a planning conference. A leader—the

Building or Property Manager, Fire Safety Director, or Director of Security—should be appointed and a

clear line of succession delineated. This chain of command should be printed and circulated to all

concerned parties. There should also be a command center to act as a focal point for telephone or radio

communications. The management personnel assigned to operate the center should have the authority to

decide what action is to be taken during the threat. Only those with assigned duties should be permitted in

the center, and alternates need to be appointed in case some-one is absent when a threat is received. In

addition, an updated blueprint or floor plan of the building should be obtained and kept in the command

center.

Contact the police department, fire department, or local government agencies to determine if any

assistance is available for developing a physical security plan or bomb incident plan. If possible, have

police or fire department representatives and building and tenant staff inspect the building for areas where

explosives are likely to be concealed; make a checklist of these areas for inclusion in command center

materials. Determine whether there is a bomb disposal unit available, how to contact the unit, and under

what conditions it will respond. You must also ascertain whether the bomb disposal unit, in addition to

disarming and removing the explosives, will assist in searching the building if a threat occurs.

Training is essential to deal properly with a bomb threat incident. Instruct all personnel, especially those

at any telephone switchboards, in what to do if a bomb threat is received. Be absolutely certain that all

personnel assigned to the command center are aware of their duties. The positive aspects of planning will

be lost if leadership is not apparent.

If possible, the command center should be located near the focal point for telephone or radio

communications. In any case, the search or evacuation teams must be able to keep the center informed of

their progress at all times. In a building, if the teams go beyond the communications network, the

command center must have the mobility to maintain contact and track search or evacuation efforts.

� Other Security Measures to Reduce the Threat of Bombs Controls should be established to positively identify personnel who have authorized access to critical

areas and to deny access to unauthorized personnel. These controls should include inspection of all

packages and materials being taken into critical areas, as well as the following:

• Security and maintenance personnel should be alert for people who act in a suspicious manner, as

well as objects, items, or parcels that look out of place or suspicious. Surveillance should be

established to include potential hiding places (e.g., stairwells, restrooms, and any vacant space) for

unwanted individuals. Designated patrols of such areas will assist in this endeavor.


• Doors or access ways to certain areas—mechanical rooms, mailrooms, computer rooms, data centers,

switchboards, and elevator control rooms— should remain locked when not in use. It is important to

establish a procedure to keep track of keys. If keys cannot be accounted for, locks should be changed.

• Good housekeeping also is vital. Trash or dumpster areas should remain free of debris. A bomb or

device can easily be concealed in the trash. Combustible materials should be properly disposed of, or

protected if further use is anticipated.

• Mail boxes at buildings can constitute a security hazard. A bomb or device could be placed inside one

and later detonated. Consideration should be given to using bomb-resistant mail boxes or to

completely removing them.

• Detection devices may be installed at entrances to high-risk tenant areas, and CCTV should be used in

areas identified as likely places where a bomb may be placed. This, coupled with posting signs

indicating that such measures are in place, is a good deterrent.

• Perhaps entrances and exits can be modified with a minimal expenditure to channel all visitors

through someone at a reception desk. Individuals entering a building after normal business hours

would be required to sign a register indicating the name and suite or floor number of the person they

wish to visit. Employees at these reception desks could contact the person to be visited and advise

him or her that a visitor, by name, is in the lobby. The person to be visited may decide to come to the

lobby to ascertain the purpose of the visit. A system for signing out when the individual departs could

be integrated into this procedure, although this may result in complaints from the public. If the

reception desk clerk explains to the visitor that these procedures were implemented for the visitor's

own best interest and safety, complaints may be reduced. A sign also could be placed at the reception

desk informing visitors of the need for safety.

� Responding to Bomb Threats Instruct all personnel, especially those at telephone switchboards, on what to do if a bomb threat call is

received. It is always best if more than one person listens in on the call. To do this, a covert signaling

system should be implemented, perhaps by using a predetermined signal to a second reception point.

A calm response to the bomb threat caller could result in obtaining additional information. This is

especially true if the caller wishes to avoid injuries or deaths. If told that the building is occupied or

cannot be evacuated in time, the bomber may be willing to give more specific information on the bomb's

location, components, or method of initiation.

� Vital Actions The person making the threat is the best source of information about the bomb. When a bomb threat is

called in, the person taking the call should do the following:

• Keep the caller on the line as long as possible. Ask him or her to repeat the message. Record every

word spoken by the person. (Some building managers and individual tenants may provide audio

recorders for this purpose; others by policy do not)

• If the caller does not indicate the bomb's location or the time of possible detonation, ask for this

information.

• Inform the caller that the building is occupied and that detonation of a bomb could result in death or

serious injury to many innocent people.

• Pay particular attention to background noises such as motors running, music playing, and any other

noise that may give a clue as to the location of the caller.

• Listen closely to the voice (male or female), voice quality (calm or excited), accent, and any speech

impediment. Immediately after the caller hangs up, report the threat to the person(s) designated by

management to receive such information.

• Report the information immediately to the police department, fire department, and other appropriate

agencies. The sequence of notification should be established in the bomb incident plan.

• Remain available: Law enforcement personnel will want to interview you.


• When a written threat is received, save all materials, including any envelope or container. Once the

message is recognized as a bomb threat, further unnecessary handling should be avoided. Every

possible effort must be made to retain evidence such as fingerprints, handwriting or typewriting,

paper, and postal marks. These will prove essential in tracing the threat and identifying the writer.

Although written messages usually are associated with generalized threats and extortion attempts, a

written warning about a specific device may occasionally be received. It should never be ignored.

� Evacuation An evacuation team consisting of building management, the building Fire Safety officer, security, Facility

In-charge, and floor response personnel should be organized and trained. This should be coordinated with

all building tenants and designed in conjunction with developing the bomb incident plan. The team will

be trained in how to evacuate the building during a bomb threat. The order in which to evacuate—for

instance, by floor level should be established.

Evacuate the floor levels above and below the danger area to remove occupants from danger as quickly as

possible. Training in such an evacuation usually is made available by building management, with advice

supplied by local law enforcement and the fire department.

The evacuation team also may be trained in search techniques, or there may be a separate search team.

Volunteers should be sought for this function; however, Facility In-charge, search monitors, and the like

could be assigned to the task. To be proficient in searching the building, search personnel must be

thoroughly familiar with all hallways, restrooms, false ceiling areas, and other locations in the building

where an explosive or incendiary device could be concealed. When police officers or fire fighters arrive at

the building, its contents and floor plan will be unfamiliar to them if they have not previously

reconnoitered the facility. Thus it is extremely important for the evacuation or search team to be

thoroughly trained and familiar with both the inside of the building and immediate outside areas. When a

room or particular area has been searched, it should be marked or sealed with a piece of tape and reported

as clear to the appropriate supervisor.

The team will be trained only in evacuation and search techniques and not in the techniques of

neutralizing, removing, or otherwise having contact with the device. If a device is located, it should not be

disturbed. However, its location should be well marked and the route to it noted.

Technologies to be installed:

SECURITY SYSTEMS

�� Access Control:

• The traffic in the residential area comprises

o Family members of residents

o Regular servants

o Vendors

o Visitors to the residents

o Representatives of public bodies, couriers companies etc.

o The traffic could be mobile or pedestrian

• The control is at the main entry gate. Entries are controlled as follows:

i) Family Members Pedestrian • Recognition

• Distinct identity card for each member

• ID through a card reader and pass thru’ a turn style.

Automobile • Recognition of car

• Car Pass

• Car Pass through a card reader opening the boom gate.

• Car parked in the allotted slot in the car park.


ii) Regular Servants • Recognition

• Distinct ID Card

• ID through card reader & pass through a turn style &

entry + exit recorded.

iii) Vendors • Temporary pass with time validity (with the consent

of Resident)

• Temporary ID card – Pass through card reader – entry

+ exit recorded

iv) Visitors to the Residents

Pedestrians • Distinct ID card

• Temp. ID card through card reader + turn style - entry

+ exit recorded.

Automobile • Dedicated car park near the main gate

• Distinct ID card

• Temp. ID card through card reader + turn style entry +

exit recorded.

v) Representatives of Public bodies,

courier companies etc.

• Temp. Pass with time validity

• Temp. ID card through card reader + turn style entry +

exit recorded.

�� Surveillance Security System (SSS): At ‘The Address’ CCTV at common Areas & lobby with 24 hour DVR backup, will be provided.

The controlling & processing of CCTV in common areas should be performed through a web based

management system on a separate Ethernet network in the building. Main operation work space shall

be in the back BMS /security room.

�� MITIGATIONS:

• Comprehensive document with simple illustrations shall be prepared for use by all the stake-holders

of the building.

• Building emergencies preparedness manual shall be prepared, which provides the mitigation plan for

all the disasters such as fire, explosion, power failure and other natural disasters.

• Major risks in the complex will be due to natural calamities like earthquake, flooding and others such

as fire and accidental hazards. All precautions shall be taken to control these risks and a well-planned

Disaster Management Plan is prepared, and the individual disaster mitigation plan has been

mentioned in the report.

• Separate manual for training of the occupants shall be formed.

• Refuge area and evacuation point for each floor shall be prepared and will be shared with the

occupant on handing over of the building.

• Disaster Management System Software will be implemented for the facility to effectively manage and

plan the response & recovery, for any disaster or casualty.

• All the required safety systems and signage shall be provided in the building.

• All system piping related to Firefighting need to be colour coded in "Red" and all the valves be

numbered and marked as per the drawings.

• All the rooms and compartments having Firefighting equipment and controls be marked in red photo

luminescent paint /stickers.

• The location of keys for the closed spaces is centrally available for quick action.


6.1.2 OFFSITE DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN:

�� Safeguard Requirements for Natural and Manmade Disasters:

List of nearest clinics and hospitals shall be maintained for medical emergency as also any other

eventuality. The table below will be ready and will be distributed to all members within the building and

later for off-site plan to neighborhood. These information need to be updated every six months before

safety drills. The information thus updated should also be shared with occupants.

Emergency numbers surrounding ‘The Address’

Hospital

Sant Muktabai General Hospital 022 - 25153771, 25126088

Godrej Memorial Hospital 022 66417100

Sarvodaya Hospital 022 2515 2237

Parakh Hospital 022 6782 7000

Nulife Hospital 022 2509 3630

Police Station

Ghatkopar Police Station 91-22-25113256 Police (Traffic)

Divisional Police Inspector 022-28211414

Fire Station

Vikhroli Fire Station 022 - 25170730

Electricity Board

MSEB Office Bandra(East) 26423494, 26542165

Ambulance Service

Shiv Sena Ambulance Service 022 25645385

Ambulance-Citizens Committee 022 2512 8744

Emergency Ambulance 1298

Railway station

Station Master of Ghatkopar railway station 022-25143939

BEST (Transport)

Assistant Traffic Superintendent of Vikhroli

Bus depot

022- 25170166, 25171157

MSRTC

Depot Manager, Vidya Vihar, Mumbai 022-23075539

MTNL

Ghatkopar Exchange 022-25140111

BEST (Power)

Station Engineer, Reliance power Chedda Nagar 022-30303030

Other Emergency Number for Mumbai

Place Emergency Number

Fire stations Fire Brigade Control Room - 101

2517 0730 309-5991/ 309-5992/ 309-5993/ 309-5994

Police -control room Traffic Police Control Room – 100

24937755/24937746/24937747

Ambulance for accident cases only 102

Ambulance for heart attack 105

Ambulance Services (fort) 202-4545

Municipal Ambulance numbers 307-7324/307-2460


Place Emergency Number

Breach Candy Hospital 363-3651

Civil Hospital (thane) 534-1409

Hinduja Hospital 445-2222

K. E. M Hospital + (91)-(22)-24139812, 24131255, 24107000, 24136051, +

(91)-(22)-24107715

Sion Hospital 409-0002

Tata Hospital (Parel) 414-6750

Indian airlines 612-7391/611-2850

Jet airways 610-2767

City office 285-5086

Santa Cruz Airport 610-2768

Sahara(India) Airlines 283-1790/283-2446

Air India 146/ 147/ 287-6464/ 287-6565/ 148/ 144

Railways 25143939

BEST (Transport) Transport: 4143611

Accidental Information:4146162

MSRTC 5222072

Source: Municipal Corporation Greater Mumbai

OFF-SITE EMERGENCY COVERAGE

When the disaster situation is localised at ward level and can be managed locally, the ‘F/South’ ward

plan will come into operation. However, a disaster situation may cover the entire city which would

call for co-ordination of activities not only at the city level but also at the ward level.

The response structure given in the ward plan essentially limits itself to micro-level intervention.

When more than one ward are affected, BMC control room which is the co-ordinating authority,

would expect the ward officers to co-ordinate the activities at the ward level with the line agencies

such as Fire Brigade, Police etc. The responsibilities for all the ward level functionaries have been

identified by M.C.G.M. Details of ‘D’ ward officer’s responsibilities will be available on the

following link: http://www.karmayog.com/floods/mumbai_n ward_plan.htm

Conclusion M/s. Wadhwa Residency Pvt. Ltd. will periodically review and update the Disaster Management Plan and

will take the initiative to institutionalize the relationship between all Emergency Security and Rescue

Forces (e.g. Police, Municipality, Fire Brigade, Medi-Care Centres etc.)

Documents

5.1 DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN