509 BCE – 30 BCE

The Roman Republic

Chapter Objectives

After this chapter, you should be able to do the following:

1.Describe how the Roman government was organized.

2.Explain how the Roman Republic was able to expand.

3.Summarize how the effects of conquest changed the Roman economy and government.

4.Discuss efforts to save the Roman Republic.

Government

Consuls

Senate

Judges Assemblies

Tribunes

What were The Twelve Tables?

Other Important Vocabulary Words• Plebeians• Patricians• Veto

Roman Expansion

The need to protect what they had (Etruscans)

Conquered or made alliesVery Strong Army –

Legions (5000 Legionaries)

Dress the Roman Centurian

Mild Rulers of those they conquered

The Punic Wars

Carthage

The First Punic War

264 BCE First of Three Wars between Rome and

CarthageCarthage – NavyRome – Army (they later built a navy to

compete)CorvusRome won – Carthaginians left Sicily

The Second Punic War

218 BCEHannibal BarcaNot enough

heavy equipmentRaided and

burnedAttacked

CarthageRome wins – 201

BCECarthage pays

big time

Hannibal

The Third Punic War

149 BCECarthage regaining powerRomans attackedCarthaginians were finishedRome attacked Corinth, Greece

264 BCE

50 BCE

120 AD

The Effects of Conquest

Small Farms to Large Estates (latifundias)Due to HannibalWho worked the latifundias?Farmers moved to Rome – awful living conditionsDecline of the Roman Republic (135 BCE)1.Taxes - Publicans2.Farmers lost land/independence3.Luxuries bought in other cities=Merchants grew

poor4.Government officials busy getting rich5.Rich-----------------------------------------------------Poor

Roman Leadership

Next 100 years spent trying to improve RomeREFORMERS

Tribune Tiberius Gracchus (133 BCE)– limit land ownership – gave public lands to the poor – ran for a second term – killed with his followers by Senate

Tribune Gaius Sempronius Gracchus (123 BCE) – move poor from the city to the countryside – discount wheat to the poor – killed in 121 BCE by the Senate

Roman Leadership

GENERALSGeneral Gaius Marius becomes Consul (107

BCE) – first lower class Roman to be elected this high – opened the Army to everyone – provided jobs – loyalty was to the general that hired them, not Rome.

Lucius Cornelius Sulla – opposed Marius – Marched on Rome (civil war) – named self Dictator – increased size of the Senate – made general move from one command to another yearly

Julius Caesar

6o BCE Sulla RetiredTriumverate1.Marcus Licinius Crassus2.Gnaeus Pompeius

Magnus3.Julius CaesarCrassus dies – the other

two fight for powerPompey murdered

Julius Caesar

58 BCE – Governor57-50 BCE Conquered a lot of land50 BCE Told to dismantle his Army50 BCE Came to Rome with his Troops46 BCE – Self Appointed Dictator of RomeMADE MANY REFORMS WHICH HELPED

DO A GREAT DEAL FOR ROME – THE PEOPLE LOVED HIM – BUT GUESS WHO FEARED HIM.

Killed by the Senate on March 15, 44 BCE – The Ides of March

The End of the Republic

New Triumverate – DID NOT LIKE EACH OTHER

1.Mark Antony – Caesar’s closest follower2.Octavian – Caesar’s grand nephew/adopted

son3.Marcus Lepidus – One of Caesar’s top officers

31 BCE – Octavian was the sole ruler of the Roman Empire

Virtual Tour of Rome

http://www.italyguides.it/us/roma/rome_italy_travel.htm