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The Quran
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The unmediated word of God revealed over 22 years Meccan-Madinan
phases 114 Suras, not chapters not arranged in the order in which
it was revealed traditionally thought to have been collected under
UthmanTodays text based on the 1924 Egyptian edition
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The asbab al-nuzul6248.1-17, 41-44Battle of
Badr6253.120-175Battle of Uhud 59.2-17Expulsion of Banu
al-Nair62733.9-25Yathrib besieged33.26f.Expulsion of Banu
Quraya62848.18-27Treaty of al-udaybiyah6299.25f.Battle of
unayn9.42-48, 81-3Expedition to Tabuk9.107-110Mosque of Dissension
destroyed
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The Quran and the ProphetGlory to (Allah),Who did take His
ServantFor a Journey by nightFrom the Sacred MosqueTo the Farthest
Mosque,Whose precincts We didBless in order that WeMight show him
someOf Our Signs: for HeIs the One Who hearethAnd seeth (all
things).(Surat al-Najm, 1)
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The Quran and Aisha Those who brought forwardThe lie are a
bodyAmong yourselves: think it notTo be an evil to you;On the
contrary it is goodFor you: to every manAmong them (will comeThe
punishment) of the sinThat he earned, and to himWho took on himself
the leadAmong them, will be A Penalty grievous.(Surat al-Nur,
11)
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The Quran and translationProclaim! (or Read!)In the nameOf thy
Lord and Cherisher,Who created -Created man, out ofA (mere) clotOf
congealed blood:Proclaim! And thy LordIs Most Bountiful -He who
taught(The use of) the Pen -Taught man thatWhich he knew not.(Surat
al-Alaq, 1-5)
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The main Themes: Gods UnitySay: He is Allah,The One and
Only;Allah, the Eternal, Absolute;He begetteth not,Nor is He
begotton;And there is noneLike unto Him.Surat al-Ikhla, 1-4
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What is God like?God is the Light of the heavens and the earth;
the likeness of His Light is a niche wherein is a lamp (the lamp in
a glass, the glass as it were a glittering star) kindled from a
Blessed Tree, an olive that is neither of the East nor of the West,
whose oil well nigh would shine, even if no fire touched it; Light
upon Light. (24.35)
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BeliefTrue piety is this: to believe in God, and the Last Day,
the angels, the Book, and the Prophets, to give of ones substance,
however cherished, to kinsmen, and orphans, the needy, the
traveller, beggars, and to ransom the slave, to perform the prayer,
to pay the alms.(Surat al-Baqara, 177)
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Structural overview of Surat al-Baqaras five parts
Prologue: revelation and the story of Adam, vv.1-39Address to
the Jews: vv.40-121Final appeal to the Jews: vv.122-15Legal
provisions: vv.153-242Importance of striving for Allah:
vv.243-283Epilogue: vv.284-6
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The doctrine of abrogation (1)And from the fruit of the date
palm and the vine, Ye get out wholesome drink and food . .
.(16.67)They ask thee concerning wine and gambling. Say: In them is
great sin, and some benefit, for men. But the sin in them is
greater than the benefit. (2.219)Approach not prayers when you are
intoxicated until ye can understand all that ye say (4.43)O Ye who
believe! Intoxicants and gambling, idols and divining by arrows are
an abomination and some of Satans work. So avoid it so that you may
prosper. Satan only desires to stir up envy and jealousy among you,
by means of wine and games of chance, and to hinder you from
remembering Allah and from prayer. So will you stop? (5.90-1)
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Abrogation (2)The woman and the man guilty of adultery or
fornication - flog each of them with a hundred stripes. (24.2)
The mature man and the mature woman, when they commit sexual
immorality stone them outright. (Not in the Quran; Umar remembered
it being in the Quran).
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The Manuscript Tradition
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The Quran as a work of Art
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The Quran in architecture
